不同赛道维护方式对1 600 m速度赛伊犁马步态特征和比赛成绩的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.029

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 2822-2830.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.029

• 马运动生理与健康养殖 • 上一篇下一篇

不同赛道维护方式对1 600 m速度赛伊犁马步态特征和比赛成绩的影响

马超鑫¹(), 阿迪娜·吾斯曼¹, 贾怡琪¹, 陈晓¹, 孟军¹^,², 曾亚琦¹^,², 王建文¹^,², 王川坤¹, 姚新奎¹^,²()

1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室/新疆农业大学马产业研究院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-01-11 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-12-28
通信作者: 姚新奎(1961-),男,新疆奎屯人,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)yxk61@126.com
作者简介:马超鑫(1996-),男,安徽淮北人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)1581971409@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01B49);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02007-1);自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项(PT2220);新疆农业大学大学生创新训练计划项目(dxscx2021105)

Effects of Different Track Maintenance Methods on the Gait Characteristics and Performance of Yili Horse in 1,600 M Speed Race

MA Chaoxin¹(), Adina Wusman¹, JIA Yiqi¹, CHEN Xiao¹, MENG Jun¹^,², ZENG Yaqi¹^,², WANG Jianwen¹^,², WANG chuankun¹, YAO Xinkui¹^,²()

1. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Sports Physiology / Institute of Horse Industry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2022-01-11 Published:2022-11-20 Online:2022-12-28
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D01B49);Major science and technology projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A02007-1);The Innovation Environment (Talent, Base) Construction Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(PT2220);Xinjiang agricultural university college students innovation training program(dxscx2021105)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同赛道维护方式对伊犁马步态特征、比赛成绩的影响,为伊犁马选种选育和赛道维护提供依据。【方法】以8匹伊犁马公马为研究对象,设计1 600 m途程比赛。用高速摄像机记录伊犁马在不同赛道维护方式下直道、弯道、终点的步态特征的视频素材,终点计时系统记录马匹比赛成绩,分析不同赛道维护方式下伊犁马各赛段步态特征、比赛成绩的差异性。【结果】直道阶段,前肢双支撑相、前位前蹄支撑相压实组极显著低于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01);步频压实组极显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01),耙地组显著低于普通组(P<0.05);双支撑相步幅、总步幅、最大开张角度压实组极显著高于耙地组(P<0.01),显著高于普通组(P<0.05)。弯道阶段,后位后蹄支撑相、后肢间隔期、前位后蹄支撑相、后位前蹄支撑相、对角双支撑相、前肢间隔期、前肢双支撑相、前位前蹄支撑相压实组均极显著低于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01);腾空期、步频压实组极显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.01);腾空期步幅压实组显著高于普通组步幅(P<0.05);最大开张角度压实组显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.05)。终点阶段,后肢间隔期、前位后蹄支撑相、前肢双支撑相、前位前蹄支撑相压实组显著低于耙地组(P<0.05);步频压实组极显著高于耙地组(P<0.01),耙地组显著低于普通组(P<0.05);后肢步幅压实组显著高于普通组(P<0.05);双支撑相步幅压实组极显著高于耙地组(P<0.01),耙地组显著低于普通组(P<0.05);最大开张角度压实组显著高于耙地组和普通组(P<0.05)。【结论】压实组马匹步幅、步频较大,比赛成绩最好,赛道状况的差异会导致运动性能的差异。在选种选育,评价马匹运动性能过程中应考虑赛道状况,以提高个体选择准确性。

关键词: 伊犁马; 赛道维护; 步态特征; 成绩; 速度赛

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different track maintenance methods on the gait characteristics and race performance of Yili horses in the hope of providing basis for Yili horse breeding and track maintenance. 【Methods】 Eight Yili male horses were selected as the research objects for 1,600 m race. The high-speed camera was used to record the video materials of the gait characteristics in the straight, curve and finish under different track maintenance modes. The finish timing system recorded the horse race results and the differences of the gait characteristics and race results of Yili horses in each stage under different track maintenance modes were analyzed. 【Results】 In the straight phase, the overlap LF-TF and the stance LF of the compaction group were extremely significantly lower than those of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.01).The SF of compaction group was extremely significantly higher than that of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P <0.01). The SF of the harrowing group was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The Mid SL, the SL and the stride angle of the compaction group were extremely significantly higher than those of the harrowing group (P<0.01), and significantly higher than those of the ordinary group (P<0.05). In the curve phase, the stance TH, the AP TH-LH, the stance LH, the stance TF, the overlap LH-TF, the AP TF-LF, the overlap LF-TF, the stance LF of the compaction group was extremely significantly lower than those of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.01). The aerial duration and the SF of the compaction group were extremely significantly higher than those of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.01).The ADSL of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The stride angle of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.05).At the end stage, the AP TH-LH, the stance LH, the overlap LF-TF, the stance LF of the compaction group were significantly lower than those of the harrowing group (P<0.05).the SF of the compaction group was extremely significantly higher than that of the harrowing group (P<0.01), and that of the harrowing group was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The Hind SL of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The Mid SL of the compaction group was extremely significantly higher than that of the harrowing group (P<0.01), and the harrowing group was significantly lower than that of the ordinary group (P<0.05).The stride angle of the compaction group was significantly higher than that of the harrowing group and the ordinary group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this test, the stride length and stride frequency of horses in the compaction group are larger, and the race performance is the best. The difference of track conditions would lead to the difference of sports performance. Therefore, the track conditions should be considered in the process of breeding and evaluating the performance of horses to improve the accuracy of individual selection.

Key words: Yili horse; track maintenance; gait characteristics; performance; horse racing

中图分类号:

S821.9

马超鑫, 阿迪娜·吾斯曼, 贾怡琪, 陈晓, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 王川坤, 姚新奎. 不同赛道维护方式对1 600 m速度赛伊犁马步态特征和比赛成绩的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2822-2830.

MA Chaoxin, Adina Wusman, JIA Yiqi, CHEN Xiao, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, WANG chuankun, YAO Xinkui. Effects of Different Track Maintenance Methods on the Gait Characteristics and Performance of Yili Horse in 1,600 M Speed Race[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2822-2830.

图/表 7

参考文献 36

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英文缩写Abbreviation	英文全称Full English name	中文全称Full Chinese name
Stance TH	Stance of trail hindlimb	后位后蹄支撑相
AP TH-LH	Advanced placement of trail hindlimb and lead hindlimb	后肢间隔期
Swing TH	Swing of trail hindlimb	后位后蹄摆动相
Overlap TH-LH	Overlap of trail hindlimb and lead hindlimb	后肢双支撑相
AP LH-TF	Advanced placement of lead hindlimb and trail forelimb	对角间隔期
Stance LH	Stance of lead hindlimb	前位后蹄支撑相
Swing LH	Swing of lead hindlimb	前位后蹄摆动相
Stance TF	Stance of trail forelimb	后位前蹄支撑相
Overlap LH-TF	Overlap of lead hindlimb and trail forelimb	对角双支撑相
AP TF-LF	Advanced placement of trail forelimb and lead forelimb	前肢间隔期
Overlap LF-TF	Overlap of lead forelimb and trail forelimb	前肢双支撑相
Stance LF	Stance of lead forelimb	前位前蹄支撑相
Swing TF	Swing of trail forelimb	后位前蹄摆动相
Swing LF	Swing of lead forelimb trail forelimb	前位前蹄摆动相
AD	Aerial duration	腾空期
SF	Stride frequency	步频
Hind SL	Hind stride length	后肢步幅
Mid SL	Mid stride length	双支撑相步幅
Fore SL	Fore stride length	前肢步幅
AD SL	Aerial duration stride length	腾空期步幅
SL	Stride length	总步幅
SA	Stride Angle	最大开张角度

英文缩写Abbreviation	英文全称Full English name	中文全称Full Chinese name
Stance TH	Stance of trail hindlimb	后位后蹄支撑相
AP TH-LH	Advanced placement of trail hindlimb and lead hindlimb	后肢间隔期
Swing TH	Swing of trail hindlimb	后位后蹄摆动相
Overlap TH-LH	Overlap of trail hindlimb and lead hindlimb	后肢双支撑相
AP LH-TF	Advanced placement of lead hindlimb and trail forelimb	对角间隔期
Stance LH	Stance of lead hindlimb	前位后蹄支撑相
Swing LH	Swing of lead hindlimb	前位后蹄摆动相
Stance TF	Stance of trail forelimb	后位前蹄支撑相
Overlap LH-TF	Overlap of lead hindlimb and trail forelimb	对角双支撑相
AP TF-LF	Advanced placement of trail forelimb and lead forelimb	前肢间隔期
Overlap LF-TF	Overlap of lead forelimb and trail forelimb	前肢双支撑相
Stance LF	Stance of lead forelimb	前位前蹄支撑相
Swing TF	Swing of trail forelimb	后位前蹄摆动相
Swing LF	Swing of lead forelimb trail forelimb	前位前蹄摆动相
AD	Aerial duration	腾空期
SF	Stride frequency	步频
Hind SL	Hind stride length	后肢步幅
Mid SL	Mid stride length	双支撑相步幅
Fore SL	Fore stride length	前肢步幅
AD SL	Aerial duration stride length	腾空期步幅
SL	Stride length	总步幅
SA	Stride Angle	最大开张角度

指标Index	压实组Compact	普通组Common	耙地组Soft
后位后蹄支撑相Stance TH(s)	0.12±0.01^B	0.15±0.01^Ab	0.16±0.01^Aa
后肢间隔期AP TH-LH(s)	0.06±0.01^B	0.08±0.00^A	0.08±0.00^A
后位后蹄摆动相Swing TH(s)	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01
后肢双支撑相Overlap TH-LH(s)	0.05±0.01^Bb	0.07±0.01^ABa	0.08±0.01^Aa
对角间隔期AP LH-TF(s)	0.05±0.02	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01
前位后蹄支撑相Stance LH(s)	0.11±0.01^Bb	0.13±0.01^ABa	0.15±0.01^Aa
前位后蹄摆动相Swing LH(s)	0.31±0.01	0.31±0.01	0.31±0.01
后位前蹄支撑相Stance TF(s)	0.12±0.01^Bc	0.15±0.01^Ab	0.16±0.01^Aa
对角双支撑相Overlap LH-TF(s)	0.06±0.02^Bc	0.09±0.01^Ab	0.11±0.01^Aa
前肢间隔期AP TF-LF(s)	0.09±0.01	0.09±0.01	0.1±0.01
前肢双支撑相Overlap LF-TF(s)	0.03±0.01^B	0.05±0.01^A	0.06±0.01^A
前位前蹄支撑相Stance LF(s)	0.12±0.01^B	0.15±0.01^A	0.16±0.01^A
后位前蹄摆动相Swing TF(s)	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01
前位前蹄摆动相Swing LF(s)	0.30±0.02	0.29±0.01	0.30±0.01
腾空期Aerial duration(s)	0.09±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.08±0.01
步频SF(s^-1)	2.39±0.08^Aa	2.26±0.04^Bb	2.18±0.05^Bc

指标Index	压实组Compact	普通组Common	耙地组Soft
后位后蹄支撑相Stance TH(s)	0.12±0.01^B	0.15±0.01^Ab	0.16±0.01^Aa
后肢间隔期AP TH-LH(s)	0.06±0.01^B	0.08±0.00^A	0.08±0.00^A
后位后蹄摆动相Swing TH(s)	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01
后肢双支撑相Overlap TH-LH(s)	0.05±0.01^Bb	0.07±0.01^ABa	0.08±0.01^Aa
对角间隔期AP LH-TF(s)	0.05±0.02	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01
前位后蹄支撑相Stance LH(s)	0.11±0.01^Bb	0.13±0.01^ABa	0.15±0.01^Aa
前位后蹄摆动相Swing LH(s)	0.31±0.01	0.31±0.01	0.31±0.01
后位前蹄支撑相Stance TF(s)	0.12±0.01^Bc	0.15±0.01^Ab	0.16±0.01^Aa
对角双支撑相Overlap LH-TF(s)	0.06±0.02^Bc	0.09±0.01^Ab	0.11±0.01^Aa
前肢间隔期AP TF-LF(s)	0.09±0.01	0.09±0.01	0.1±0.01
前肢双支撑相Overlap LF-TF(s)	0.03±0.01^B	0.05±0.01^A	0.06±0.01^A
前位前蹄支撑相Stance LF(s)	0.12±0.01^B	0.15±0.01^A	0.16±0.01^A
后位前蹄摆动相Swing TF(s)	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01	0.30±0.01
前位前蹄摆动相Swing LF(s)	0.30±0.02	0.29±0.01	0.30±0.01
腾空期Aerial duration(s)	0.09±0.01	0.08±0.01	0.08±0.01
步频SF(s^-1)	2.39±0.08^Aa	2.26±0.04^Bb	2.18±0.05^Bc

指标Index	压实组Compact	普通组Common	耙地组Soft
后肢步幅Hind SL(cm)	98.28±12.95	99.85±8.65	101.39±12.43
双支撑相步幅Mid SL(cm)	193.33±17.15^Aa	176.05±16.86^ABb	163.38±13.2^Bb
前肢步幅Fore SL(cm)	132.03±8.73^a	121.60±11.97^ab	116.14±13.2^b
腾空期步幅AD SL(cm)	168.47±21.26^A	138.98±12.48^B	125.84±17.29^B
总步幅SL(cm)	592.10±47.71^Aa	536.48±33.84^ABb	506.75±36.03^Bb
最大开张角度SA(°)	112.00±4.47^Aa	108.25±1.75^ABb	104.75±3.20^Bb

不同赛道维护方式对1 600 m速度赛伊犁马步态特征和比赛成绩的影响

Effects of Different Track Maintenance Methods on the Gait Characteristics and Performance of Yili Horse in 1,600 M Speed Race

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Metrics

指标Index	压实组Compact	普通组Common	耙地组Soft
后位后蹄支撑相Stance TH(s)	0.11±0.01^B	0.15±0.01^A	0.15±0.01^A
后肢间隔期AP TH-LH(s)	0.06±0.01^B	0.08±0.01^A	0.08±0.01^A
后位后蹄摆动相Swing TH(s)	0.32±0.01	0.31±0.01	0.32±0.01
后肢双支撑相Overlap TH-LH(s)	0.05±0.01^B	0.07±0.01^A	0.06±0.01^AB
对角间隔期AP LH-TF(s)	0.05±0.01^Aa	0.03±0.01^Bb	0.04±0.02^ABb
前位后蹄支撑相Stance LH(s)	0.12±0.01^B	0.14±0.02^A	0.14±0.02^A
前位后蹄摆动相Swing LH(s)	0.32±0.02	0.32±0.01	0.32±0.01
后位前蹄支撑相Stance TF(s)	0.11±0.02^B	0.15±0.01^A	0.15±0.02^A
对角双支撑相Overlap LH-TF(s)	0.06±0.01^B	0.11±0.02^A	0.11±0.03^A
前肢间隔期AP TF-LF(s)	0.09±0.01^B	0.10±0.01^A	0.10±0.01^A
前肢双支撑相Overlap LF-TF(s)	0.02±0.02^B	0.05±0.02^A	0.05±0.02^A
前位前蹄支撑相Stance LF(s)	0.12±0.01^B	0.15±0.02^A	0.15±0.02^A
后位前蹄摆动相Swing TF(s)	0.32±0.02	0.31±0.02	0.31±0.02
前位前蹄摆动相Swing LF(s)	0.31±0.02	0.31±0.02	0.32±0.01
腾空期AD(s)	0.12±0.01^A	0.10±0.02^B	0.10±0.02^B
步频SF(s^-1)	2.32±0.12^A	2.17±0.11^B	2.16±0.07^B

指标Index	压实组Compact	普通组Common	耙地组Soft
后肢步幅Hind SL(cm)	106.83±7.98	103.78±7.35	110.03±8.02
双支撑相步幅Mid SL(cm)	172.25±13.05	155.71±21.67	175.08±21.13
前肢步幅Fore SL(cm)	123.06±7.33	119.26±10.61	125.85±15.03
腾空期步幅AD SL(cm)	161.36±25.07^a	132.84±14.44^b	146.85±28.46^ab
总步幅SL(cm)	563.50±38.09	511.59±38.44	557.81±61.93
最大开张角度SA(°)	110.50±2.27^a	105.89±3.59^b	105.88±4.70^b

指标Index	压实组Compact	普通组Common	耙地组Soft
后肢步幅Hind SL(cm)	119.01±22.37^a	100.35±9.52^b	110.59±10.09^ab
双支撑相步幅Mid SL(cm)	173.26±9.05^Aa	162.86±10.61^ABa	144.71±24.78^Bb
前肢步幅Fore SL(cm)	138.25±24.33	129.14±9.96	123.66±19.38
腾空期步幅AD SL(cm)	155.58±38.66	160.15±19.87	159.13±16.63
总步幅SL(cm)	586.09±73.34	552.49±34.93	538.09±59.62
最大开张角度SA(°)	105.75±2.43^a	103.00±2.33^b	102.86±2.12^b

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