荒漠开垦与施肥对土壤有机碳储量与微生物群落特征的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.024

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 739-747.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.024

• 植物保护·土壤肥料·微生物 • 上一篇下一篇

荒漠开垦与施肥对土壤有机碳储量与微生物群落特征的影响

傅鹏宇¹^,²^,³(), 梁萌¹, 李晨华¹^,²()

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院阜康荒漠生态系统国家野外科学观测站,新疆阜康 831505
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2024-09-10 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 李晨华(1974-),女,江苏宜兴人,副研究员,研究方向为荒漠绿洲生态系统碳氮循环与微生物学机制,(E-mail) lichenhua@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:傅鹏宇(1997-),男,重庆江津人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤微生物生态,(E-mail) fupengyu21@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42271068);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2022E01011);第三次新疆综合科学考察(2024D01A145)

Effects of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil organic carbon storage and microbial community characteristics

FU Pengyu¹^,²^,³(), LIANG Meng¹, LI Chenhua¹^,²()

1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences/National key laboratory of Ecological Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Regiaons,Urumqi 830011, China
2. Fukang National Station of Desert Ecosystem Observation and Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Fukang Xinjiang 831505, China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049, China

Received:2024-09-10 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271068);Regional Collaborative Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022E01011);Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition(2024D01A145)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究开垦与长期不同施肥对荒漠土壤有机碳(SOC)储量与微生物群落特征(微生物丰度和群落结构)的影响。【方法】以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态站长期定位试验为平台,选择11种管理模式:不施肥(CK [a])、单施化肥(PK [b]、NK [c]、NP [d]、NPK [e]、N₂P₂ [f]、N₂P₂K [g]),化肥配施秸秆(NPKR [h],NPKR₂ [i],N₂P₂R₃ [j])和化肥配施厩肥(NPKM [k]),采集其0~20 cm土层样品,与同一毗邻原生荒漠土壤进行比较,分析荒漠开垦过程中土壤有机碳储量和微生物群落特征及两者的联系。【结果】与毗邻荒漠相比,开垦与长期施肥显著增加了土壤有机碳储量;同时,土壤细菌、真菌、古菌及固氮菌的丰度显著增加,真菌>细菌>古菌;其中,处理g、处理j与处理k中土壤有机碳储量及微生物丰度均具有较高增幅。【结论】荒漠开垦与施肥通过降低土壤pH值与盐分,增加外源有机质与养分输入,提高了土壤有机碳储量和微生物丰度,改变了微生物群落结构。植被对干旱区土壤有机碳汇的形成有正向促进作用,化肥(尤其是N、P)配施有机肥增加了干旱区土壤有机碳储量和微生物群落丰度。

关键词: 荒漠; 绿洲; 有机碳储量; 土壤微生物

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the effects of reclamation and long-term fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and microbial community characteristics (microbial abundance and community structure) in desert soils. 【Methods】Taking the long-term positioning experiment of Fukang Desert Ecological Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences as the platform, 11 management modes were selected: no fertilization (CK [a]), single application of chemical fertilizer (PK [b], NK [c], NP [d], NPK [e], N₂P₂ [f], N₂P₂K [g]), chemical fertilizer with straw (NPKR [h], NPKR₂ [i], N₂P₂R₃ [j]) and chemical fertilizer with manure (NPKM [k]). They were compared with the adjacent native desert soil by collecting 0-20 cm soil layer samples, and then the characteristics of soil organic carbon storage and microbial community in the process of desert reclamation and the relationship between them were analyzed. 【Results】When reclaimed and long-term fertilized soils to adjacent desert soils were compared, reclamation and fertilization significantly increased soil organic carbon storage. In addition, the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, archaea, and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms was substantially increased, with the following order of enhancement: fungi > bacteria > archaea. Specifically, treatments g, j, and k showed higher increases in both soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance. 【Conclusion】Desert reclamation and fertilization, through reducing soil pH and salinity, increasing the input of exogenous organic matter and nutrients, have increased the storage of soil organic carbon and the abundance of microorganisms, and changed the structure of the microbial community. The positive effect of vegetation on the formation of soil organic carbon sinks in arid areas, and the importance of chemical fertilizers (especially N and P) combined with organic fertilizers for soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance in arid regions.

Key words: desert; oasis; organic carbon storage; soil microorganisms

中图分类号:

S788

傅鹏宇, 梁萌, 李晨华. 荒漠开垦与施肥对土壤有机碳储量与微生物群落特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 739-747.

FU Pengyu, LIANG Meng, LI Chenhua. Effects of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil organic carbon storage and microbial community characteristics[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 739-747.

图/表 8

表1 荧光实时定量PCR扩增引物

Tab.1 Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR amplification primers

名称 Name	引物全称 Primer name	片段长度 Length of amplicons	引物序列 Primer sequences
细菌 Bacteria	16S V3-V4 (338-806)	469bp	上游:ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG 下游:GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT
古菌 Archaea	古菌16S V3-V4	572bp	上游:ACGGGGYGCAGCAGGCGCGA 下游:GGACTACVSGGGTATCTAAT
真菌 Fungi	ITS1	98bp	上游:CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA 下游:TGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC
固氮菌 Azotobacter	nifH	400bp	上游:AAAGGYGGWATCGGYAARTCCACCAC 下游:TTGTTSGCSGCRTACATSGCCATCAT
氨氧化细菌 AOB	AOB amoA	490bp	上游:GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT 下游:CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC
氨氧化古菌 AOA	AOA amoA	635bp	上游:STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG 下游:GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT

图1 荒漠开垦与施肥下土壤理化性质及有机碳储量的变化注:D,原生荒漠土壤;EC,电导率;TN,土壤全氮;TP,土壤全磷;SOC,土壤有机碳储量

Fig.1 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil physical and chemical properties and organic carbon storage Notes: D, native desert soil; EC, electrical conductivity; TN, soil total nitrogen; TP, soil total phosphorus; SOC, soil organic carbon storage

图2 荒漠开垦与施肥下土壤细菌(a)、古菌(b)和真菌(c)丰度的变化注:D,原生荒漠土壤;B,荒漠裸地;G,草本植物覆盖下的土壤;S,灌木覆盖下的土壤,下同

Fig.2 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil bacterial (a), archaea (b) and fungal (c) abundance Notes: D, native desert soil; B, desert bare land; G, soil under herbaceous cover; S, soil under shrub cover,the same as below

图3 荒漠开垦与施肥下土壤固氮菌(a)、AOB(b)和AOA(c)丰度的变化

Fig.3 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil azotobacter (a), AOB(b) and AOA(c) abundance

表2 荒漠裸地与不同植被覆盖下土壤微生物群落结构

Tab.2 Soil microbial community structure of bare soil and the soil under different canopies

	真菌/细菌 Fungi/Bacteria	真菌/古菌 Fungi/Archaea	细菌/古菌 Bacteria /Archaea
B	7.51×10^-5±0.27×1 $0 - 5c$	1.27×10^-4±0.060×1 $0 - 4b$	1.70±0.17^a
G	4.74×10^-5±0.27×1 $0 - 5b$	1.15×10^-4±0.005×1 $0 - 4a$	2.42±0.15^b
S	4.01×10^-5±0.02×1 $0 - 5a$	1.16×10^-4±0.004×1 $0 - 4a$	2.90±0.01^c

表2 荒漠裸地与不同植被覆盖下土壤微生物群落结构

Tab.2 Soil microbial community structure of bare soil and the soil under different canopies

	真菌/细菌 Fungi/Bacteria	真菌/古菌 Fungi/Archaea	细菌/古菌 Bacteria /Archaea
B	7.51×10^-5±0.27×1 $0 - 5c$	1.27×10^-4±0.060×1 $0 - 4b$	1.70±0.17^a
G	4.74×10^-5±0.27×1 $0 - 5b$	1.15×10^-4±0.005×1 $0 - 4a$	2.42±0.15^b
S	4.01×10^-5±0.02×1 $0 - 5a$	1.16×10^-4±0.004×1 $0 - 4a$	2.90±0.01^c

图4 荒漠开垦与施肥下土壤微生物群落结构的变化注:D,原生荒漠土壤;A,缺N或P的施肥方式(NK、PK);C:单施化肥(除NK和PK以外);E:化肥配施秸秆

Fig.4 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil microbial community structure Notes: D, native desert soil; A, fertilization method lacking N or P (NK, PK); C: single application of chemical fertilizer (except NK and PK); E: chemical fertilizer combined with straw

图5 荒漠开垦与施肥下土壤AOA/AOB比例的变化注:D,原生荒漠土壤;B,荒漠裸地;G,草本植物覆盖下的土壤;S,灌木覆盖下的土壤

Fig.5 Changes of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil AOA/AOB ratio Notes: D, native desert soil; B, desert bare land; G, soil under herbaceous cover; S, soil under shrub cover

表3 荒漠土壤有机碳储量与微生物丰度相关性

Tab.3 Correlations analysis between desert soil organic carbon storage and microbial abundance

	nifH	AOA amoA	AOB amoA	细菌16S	ITS1	古菌16S
相关系数	0.597 9	-0.010 9	0.365 0	0.531 1	0.513 4	0.621 9
P	0.018 6^*	0.969 2	0.181 0	0.041 7^*	0.050 3	0.013 3^*

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荒漠开垦与施肥对土壤有机碳储量与微生物群落特征的影响

Effects of desert reclamation and fertilization on soil organic carbon storage and microbial community characteristics

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