塔里木盆地东南缘多枝柽柳主要传粉昆虫及其传粉生物学特征

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析新疆塔里木盆地东南缘多枝柽柳的主要传粉昆虫及其传粉生物学特征,为该类植物的保护和利用提供参考。【方法】在研究区域的多枝柽柳开花后第1~3 d,每天09:00~19:00连续观察其上访花昆虫,研究访花昆虫类群,甄别并确定传粉昆虫种类,分析其传粉生物学特征;通过传粉昆虫单次访花后柱头花粉沉降数量及移出花粉数量的比值计量传粉昆虫的传粉效率。【结果】研究区域多枝柽柳的主要传粉昆虫包括粗腿毛带蜂Pseudapis femoralis、大分舌蜂Colletes gigas、艳叶舌蜂Hylaeus variegatus、艳小彩带蜂Ceylalictus variegatus、淡翅红腹蜂Sphecodes grahami和丝光绿蝇Lucilia sericata,其中粗腿毛带蜂(0.62)和大分舌蜂(0.60)的传粉效率高于其它传粉昆虫(P<0.05);6种传粉昆虫的访花活动在12:00~13:00时达到高峰,该高峰与多枝柽柳的花粉活力高峰重叠,随时间推移,观察到的访花昆虫数量逐渐减少。【结论】塔里木盆地荒漠、半荒漠生态区多枝柽柳的主要传粉昆虫包括粗腿毛带蜂、大分舌蜂、艳叶舌蜂、艳小彩带蜂、淡翅红腹蜂和丝光绿蝇;粗腿毛带蜂与大分舌蜂为高效的传粉者;传粉昆虫的访花活动高峰与柽柳的花粉活力高峰重合,两者间存在互利共生关系。

关键词: 半荒漠生态区; 传粉昆虫; 传粉效率; 访花行为; 访花频率; 单花停留时间

Abstract:

【Objective】 In natural state, it depends on insect pollinators for reproduction. Thus it is necessary to clarify the insect pollinators and reveal their biological characteristics of pollination. 【Methods】 We observed insect pollinators at 09:00-19:00 on the first three days after T. ramosissima blooming, attempting to reveal biological characteristics of pollinators. We also analyzed and compared insect pollinators' capability to remove pollens from anther and deposit them on stigma, thus evaluating their pollination efficiency. 【Results】 Among the insect visitors of T. ramosissima observed, the observed potential pollinators were Pseudapis femoralis, Colletes gigas, Hylaeus variegatus, Ceylalictus variegatus, Sphecodes grahami and Lucilia sericata; among them, the pollination efficiencies of Pseudapis femoralis (0.62) and Colletes gigas (0.60) were higher than Hylaeus variegatus(0.44), Sphecodes grahami(0.42), Ceylalictus variegatus(0.42) and Lucilia sericata(0.40) (P < 0.05). The insect pollinators of T. ramosissima began to visit flowers close to 09:00 after sunrise, and the peak of flower-visiting activities generally appeared at 12:00-13:00. This peak coincided with the peak of pollen viability of T. ramosissima. The number of visiting visiting gradually decreased over time. 【Conclusion】 In this study, we have noticed that the dominant insect pollinators of T. ramosissima are Pseudapis femoralis, Colletes gigas, Hylaeus variegatus, Ceylalictus variegatus, Sphecodes grahami and Lucilia sericata. Pseudapis femoralis and Colletes gigas are high-efficient pollinators. The peak of flower-visiting activities generally appears at 12:00-13:00, which coincided with the peak of pollen viability of T. ramosissima, reflecting the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship between them.

Key words: desert and semi-desert ecological areas; insect pollinators; pollination efficiency; flower-visiting behavior; flower-visiting frequency; single flower stay time

中图分类号:

Q969

孙瑶, 钟问, 李一博. 塔里木盆地东南缘多枝柽柳主要传粉昆虫及其传粉生物学特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1497-1504.

SUN Yao, ZHONG Wen, LI Yibo. Dominant insect pollinators and their biological characteristics of pollination of Tamarix ramosissima in the southeast margin of Tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1497-1504.

图/表 7

表1 多枝柽柳的主要传粉昆虫种类

Tab.1 The dominant insect pollinators of T.ramosissima

目 Order	科 Family	种 Species
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	隧蜂科 Halictidae	粗腿毛带蜂 Pseudapis femoralis Pallas, 1773
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	分舌蜂科 Colletidae	大分舌蜂 Colletes gigas Cockerell, 1918
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	分舌蜂科 Colletidae	艳叶舌蜂 Hylaeus variegatus Fabricius, 1798
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	隧蜂科 Halictidae	艳小彩带蜂 Ceylalictus variegatus Olivier, 1789
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	隧蜂科 Halictidae	淡翅红腹蜂 Sphecodes grahami Cockerell, 1922
双翅目 Diptera	丽蝇科 Calliphoridae	丝光绿蝇 Lucilia sericata Meigen, 1826

图1 传粉昆虫访花频率与单花停留时间的日变化

Fig.1 Changes of diurnal variation of flower-visiting frequency and single flower stay time of insect pollinators

图2 传粉昆虫的日活动规律

Fig.2 Daily activity pattern of insect pollinators

图3 多枝柽柳的花粉活力的变化注:*和**分别表示P<0.05差异显著和P<0.01差异极显著,下同

Fig.3 Changes of pollen viability of Tamarix ramosissima Note:* in the graph indicates P< 0.05 significant difference; ** in the graph indicates P< 0.01 extremely significant difference,the same as below

图4 研究地点环境因子的变化

Fig.4 Changes of environmental factors in observation site

表2 传粉昆虫日活动规律与花粉活力、环境因子的多元回归分析

Tab.2 Results of multiple regression analysison daily activity pattern of insect pollinators, pollen viability, and environmental factors

柽柳种类 Species	传粉昆虫 Insect pollinators	花粉活力 Pollen viability (%)	环境温度 Ambient temper- ature (℃)	环境湿度 Ambient Humi- dity (%RH)	光照强度 Illumi- nation inten- sity (lx)
多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima	粗腿毛带蜂	0.96^**	0.06	-0.09	0.34
	大分舌蜂	0.88^**	-0.04	0.01	0.20
	艳叶舌蜂	0.98^**	0.20	-0.24	0.44
	艳小彩带蜂	0.91^**	0.44	-0.48	0.67*
	淡翅红腹蜂	0.93^**	0.16	-0.20	0.37
	丝光绿蝇	0.93^**	0.06	-0.11	0.27

图5 传粉昆虫的传粉效率

Fig.5 The pollination efficiency of insect pollinators

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