不同地面覆盖材料对绿洲苹果园土壤环境的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.015

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (7): 1690-1696.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.07.015

• 园艺特产·林业·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

不同地面覆盖材料对绿洲苹果园土壤环境的影响

兖攀(), 王久照, 姜继元(), 陈奇凌

新疆农垦科学院林园研究所/库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2021-07-21 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-08-04
通信作者: 姜继元(1982-),男,山东济宁人,副研究员,研究方向为果树生理生态,(E-mail) jiangjy8201@sina.com
作者简介:兖攀(1986-),男,新疆石河子人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为果树生理生态,(E-mail) yanpan11235@163.com
基金资助:
兵团重大科技项目“苹果矮砧密植简化树形栽培模式及配套技术研究与示范”(2016jb03-2);库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室(2020DA004)

Effects of different ground cover materials on soil environment of apple orchard in oasis of Xinjiang

YAN Pan(), WANG Jiuzhao, JIANG Jiyuan(), CHEN Qiling

Institute of Forestry and Horticulture of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Corps Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm innovation, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2021-07-21 Published:2022-07-20 Online:2022-08-04
Supported by:
Major science and technology project of XPCC "research and demonstration of simplified tree cultivation mode and supporting technology of Apple Dwarf rootstock close planting"(2016jb03-2);Corps Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm innovation, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement(2020DA004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同地面覆盖材料对新疆绿洲苹果园土壤环境的影响,为地面覆盖材料的科学应用提供参考。【方法】采用单因素试验设计,设置普通无纺布、聚丙烯无纺布、聚乙烯编织布、黑色防水布、白膜、黑膜6个覆盖处理,对比土壤环境的差异。【结果】地面覆盖可使杂草覆盖度降至10%以下,但普通无纺布的杂草较多。对照土壤表层温度峰值出现在18时,深层温度峰值出现在24时,铺设覆盖材料后,峰值时间并未发生显著变化。黑膜土壤表层温度日较差为17.36℃,深层温度日较差为5.66℃,均大于对照。地布降低了土壤温度及日较差,地膜增加了土壤温度及日较差,地膜土壤温度峰值比对照高2.1~5.3℃。土壤湿度在下午17时最大,各覆盖处理的土壤日均湿度与对照差异不显著,土壤碱性和盐分含量也与对照差异不显著。对照土壤温度与湿度显著正相关,土壤湿度与酸碱度显著正相关,但与盐分含量显著负相关。与对照相比,地布覆盖降低了指标间的相关性,而地膜覆盖则增强了指标间的相关性。【结论】地面覆盖对土壤温度和湿度的峰值有显著影响,但对均值影响不显著。地面覆盖对土壤表层酸碱度和盐分含量有显著影响,但对深层土壤影响不显著。地膜对土壤环境的影响力最强,具有较明显的增温保湿作用。

关键词: 绿洲; 苹果园; 地面覆盖; 土壤环境

Abstract:

【Objective】 Explore the effects of different covering materials on soil environment of oasis apple orchard, to provides a reference for the scientific application of ground covering materials. 【Methods】 The single factor experiment design was adopted to compare the differences of soil environment by setted six covering treatments: non-woven fabric, polypropylene non-woven fabric, polyethylene woven fabric, tarpaulin covering, white and black plastic film. 【Results】 The coverage of weeds could be reduced to less than 10% by ground covering, but there were more weeds in non-woven fabrics. The peak temperature of the surface layer of the control soil appeared at 18 o'clock and that of the deep layer at 24 o'clock. The peak time did not change significantly after the covering material was laid. The diurnal temperature range of soil surface layer and deep layer of black film was 17.36℃ and 5.66℃ respectively, which were higher than that of the control. The soil temperature and diurnal range were decreased by ground cloth, and increased by plastic film. The soil peak temperature of plastic film was 2.1 ~ 5.3℃ higher than that of control. Soil moisture was the highest at 17:00 p.m., and there was no significant difference in soil daily average moisture, soil alkalinity and salt content between the control and treatments. There was a significant positive correlation between soil temperature and soil moisture, and a significant positive correlation between soil moisture and pH, but a significant negative correlation between soil moisture and salt content. Compared with the control, the correlation between the indexes was decreased by ground cloth, but increased by plastic film covering.【Conclusion】 Ground cover had a significant effect on the peak value of soil temperature and moisture, but had no significant effect on the mean value. The surface soil pH and salt content were significantly affected by ground cover, but not by deep soil. The influence of plastic film on soil environment is the strongest, and it has obvious effect of warming and moisturizing.

Key words: oasis; apple orchard; ground cover; soil environment

中图分类号:

兖攀, 王久照, 姜继元, 陈奇凌. 不同地面覆盖材料对绿洲苹果园土壤环境的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(7): 1690-1696.

YAN Pan, WANG Jiuzhao, JIANG Jiyuan, CHEN Qiling. Effects of different ground cover materials on soil environment of apple orchard in oasis of Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(7): 1690-1696.

图/表 6

表1 覆盖材料特性

Table 1 Characteristics of covering materials

覆盖材料 covering materials	特点 charac teristic	颜色 colour	厚度 thic kness (mm)	透光率 Light transmi ttance (%)	透水率 water permea bility (%)	透气率 air brea thability (%)	破损率 Breakage rate (%)	杂草覆盖度 Coverage of weeds (%)
普通无纺布 Non woven fabric	非编织	黑色	0.45	5	27	27	8	90
聚丙烯无纺布 Polypropylene covering	非编织	黑色	0.5	2	22	22	2	5
聚乙烯编织布 Polyethylene covering	编织	黑色	0.2	0	1	1	2	5
防水布Tarpaulin	聚乙烯塑料布	黑色	0.25	0	0	0	0	0
白膜White plastic film	聚乙烯塑料膜	透明	0.01	95	0	0	10	10
黑膜Black plastic film	聚乙烯塑料膜	黑色	0.01	6	0	0	10	10
对照 CKControl CK	清耕裸地							100

图1 不同覆盖材料下土壤温度变化注:竖线为日较差

Fig.1 Effects of different covering materials on soil temperature Note: the vertical line is the daily range

图2 不同覆盖材料下土壤湿度变化注:不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著,P<0.05

Fig.2 Effects of different covering materials on soil moisture Note:Indicate signifcant differences in 0.05

图3 不同覆盖材料下土壤pH值变化

Fig.3 Effects of different covering materials on soil pH

图4 不同覆盖材料下土壤EC值变化

Fig.4 Effects of different covering materials on soil EC

表2 不同覆盖材料下土壤指标间相关性变化

Table 2 Effects of different covering materials on correlation of soil indexes

变量 Varia ble	普通无纺布 Non woven fabric	聚丙烯无纺布 Polypropylene covering	聚乙烯编织布 Polyethylene covering	防水布 Tarpaulin	白膜 White plastic film	黑膜 Black plastic film	对照 CK Control CK
T-M	0.162	.523^*	0.404	0.377	.65 ${9^{}}^{}$	0.482	.592^*
T-p	0.45	0.804	0.59	0.44	0.659	0.563	0.751
T-E	-0.469	-0.206	-0.42	-0.506	-0.623	-0.479	-0.602
M-p	0.932	.976^*	.99 ${2^{}}^{}$	.99 ${8^{}}^{}$	.99 ${6^{}}^{}$	.99 ${5^{}}^{}$	.982^*
M-E	-0.941	-0.529	-0.553	-.99 ${3^{}}^{}$	-.99 ${8^{}}^{}$	-.99 ${8^{}}^{}$	-.974^*
p-E	-.99 ${3^{}}^{}$	-0.482	-0.593	-.987^*	-.99 ${2^{}}^{}$	-.99 ${5^{}}^{}$	-0.945

表2 不同覆盖材料下土壤指标间相关性变化

Table 2 Effects of different covering materials on correlation of soil indexes

变量 Varia ble	普通无纺布 Non woven fabric	聚丙烯无纺布 Polypropylene covering	聚乙烯编织布 Polyethylene covering	防水布 Tarpaulin	白膜 White plastic film	黑膜 Black plastic film	对照 CK Control CK
T-M	0.162	.523^*	0.404	0.377	.65 ${9^{}}^{}$	0.482	.592^*
T-p	0.45	0.804	0.59	0.44	0.659	0.563	0.751
T-E	-0.469	-0.206	-0.42	-0.506	-0.623	-0.479	-0.602
M-p	0.932	.976^*	.99 ${2^{}}^{}$	.99 ${8^{}}^{}$	.99 ${6^{}}^{}$	.99 ${5^{}}^{}$	.982^*
M-E	-0.941	-0.529	-0.553	-.99 ${3^{}}^{}$	-.99 ${8^{}}^{}$	-.99 ${8^{}}^{}$	-.974^*
p-E	-.99 ${3^{}}^{}$	-0.482	-0.593	-.987^*	-.99 ${2^{}}^{}$	-.99 ${5^{}}^{}$	-0.945

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不同地面覆盖材料对绿洲苹果园土壤环境的影响

Effects of different ground cover materials on soil environment of apple orchard in oasis of Xinjiang

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