低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室环境因子变化及番茄性状分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.025

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 2043-2053.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.025

• 植物保护·设施农业·畜牧兽医·农业经济 • 上一篇下一篇

低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室环境因子变化及番茄性状分析

张彩虹¹^,²(), 王国强¹(), 姜鲁艳¹, 刘涛², 德贤明¹

1.新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆设施农业工程与装备研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-01-30 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-09-19
通信作者: 王国强(1973-),男,甘肃天水人,研究员,博士,研究方向为现代设施农业产业发展、设施农业温室工程与机械装备,(E-mail)824453811@qq.com
作者简介:张彩虹(1981-),女,甘肃张掖人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为设施农业工程与装备,(E-mail)93052504@qq.com
基金资助:
中央引导地方专项(ZYYD2023B01)

Variation of environmental factors and analysis of tomato traits in low-energy assembly-type deep-winter production solar greenhouse

ZHANG Caihong¹^,²(), WANG Guoqiang¹(), JIANG Luyan¹, LIU Tao², DE Xianming¹

1. Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China
2. Xinjiang Facility Agriculture Engineering and Equipment Research Center, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2024-01-30 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-09-19
Correspondence author: WANG Guoqiang(1973-), male, researcher, research direction:the development of modern facility agriculture industry, facility agriculture greenhouse engineering and mechanical equipment technology, (E-mail)824453811@qq.com
Supported by:
Central guidance and local special(ZYYD2023B01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室对室内环境因子以及番茄生长与产量的影响,为该新型温室越冬茬番茄栽培提供数据支持。【方法】选取低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室(新型温室)为试验温室,传统砖墙结构日光温室为对照温室,分析试验温室和对照温室的环境差异性对越冬茬番茄生长发育与产量品质的影响。【结果】新型日光温室空气温度相对于砖墙日光温室空气温度,其夜间增温效果提高14.7%,其昼间增温效果降低7.35%;夜间室内表层土壤温度提高30.1%,-50 cm土壤温度提高20.85%;空气相对湿度降低20.85%,日光照辐射量提高12.20%。新型日光温室较之传统砖墙日光温室,其平均株高提高约32%,平均茎粗增加约9.2%。新型日光温室更有利于番茄生长发育。新型日光温室番茄单位面积产量、番茄单果重以及VC含量较之传统砖墙日光温室,分别提高17.28%、12.72%和14.34%,尤其在番茄单位面积产量上,其增益效果明显。【结论】新型日光温室在夜间保温性能方面明显优于传统砖墙结构日光温室,其更大的空间结构降低了室内空气湿度进而提高了温室光照总辐射,间接提高作物光合作用能力。新型日光温室相比于传统墙体日光温室,其番茄整体产量更高。相比于传统砖墙温室,新型日光温室的总体优势大,其竞争力强,实用性、经济效益均佳。

关键词: 深冬生产型日光温室; 环境因子; 番茄; 品质; 产量; 效益

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the influence of low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse on indoor environmental factors and the growth and yield of tomato, and to provide data support for the subsequent cultivation of tomato in the new greenhouse. 【Methods】 In the study, the low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse (new greenhouse) was selected as the test greenhouse, and the ordinary brick wall structure solar greenhouse was selected as the control greenhouse. The influence of the environmental difference between the test greenhouse and the control greenhouse on the growth and quality yield of overwintering crop tomato was analyzed. 【Results】 The new solar greenhouse was increased by 14.7%, the daytime warming effect decreased by 7.35%; the indoor surface soil temperature increased by 30.1% and-50 cm by 20.85%; the relative air humidity decreased by 20.85%, and the daily solar radiation increased by 12.20%. Compared with the traditional brick wall solar greenhouse, the average plant height of the new solar greenhouse increased by about 32%, and the average stem thickness increased by about 9.2%. Overall, the new solar greenhouse is more conducive to the growth and development of tomatoes. At the same time, the study found that the unit per mu yield of tomato, the per fruit weight of tomato and the vitamin C content of the new solar greenhouse increased by 17.28%, 12.72% and 14.34% respectively compared with the traditional brick solar greenhouse, which had a certain improvement effect, especially in the unit per mu yield of tomato, its gain effect is obvious. 【Conclusion】 The new solar greenhouse is obviously better than the ordinary brick wall structure in terms of thermal insulation performance at night. Its larger spatial structure reduces the indoor air humidity and then improves the total radiation of the greenhouse, and indirectly improves the photosynthesis ability of crops. Therefore, the research believes that compared with the ordinary wall solar greenhouse, the overall tomato yield is higher. Compared with the traditional brick wall greenhouse, the new solar greenhouse overall advantage, make it has more convenient and practical, but also has higher economic benefits.

Key words: deep winter production type solar greenhouse; environmental factors; tomato; quality; yield; benefit

中图分类号:

S641.2

张彩虹, 王国强, 姜鲁艳, 刘涛, 德贤明. 低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室环境因子变化及番茄性状分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 2043-2053.

ZHANG Caihong, WANG Guoqiang, JIANG Luyan, LIU Tao, DE Xianming. Variation of environmental factors and analysis of tomato traits in low-energy assembly-type deep-winter production solar greenhouse[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 2043-2053.

图/表 16

图1 低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室结构

Fig.1 Structure diagram of low energy assembly

表1 日光温室围护结构低限热阻

Tab.1 Low-limit heat resistance of the solar greenhouse envelope structure

室外设计温度 Outdoor design temperature(℃)	低限热阻 R₀(m² k/w)
室外设计温度 Outdoor design temperature(℃)	后墙、山墙 Back wall	后屋面 After roof
-26	2.1	4.0
-29	2.43	4.9
-32	2.8	6.0

图2 试验样地温室内部与种植模式

Fig.2 Inside and planting patterns of the test plot

图3 试验样地传感器横截面设置

Fig.3 The sensor cross-section setting diagram of the test sample plot

表2 2种日光温室环境因子比较

Tab.2 Comparison of the two environmental factors of the solar greenhouse

温室类型 Greenhouse type	环境因子 Environmental factor
温室类型 Greenhouse type	夜间空气温度 Air temperature at night (℃)	昼间空气温度 Air temperature during the day (℃)	-10 cm土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	-20 cm土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	-50 cm土壤温度 soil temper- ature(℃)	光照总辐射 Total light radiation (MJ/m²)	相对空气湿度 Relative air humidity (%)
新型温室 New greenhouse	12.93	27.32	12.2	12.89	12.11	3.4588	66.99
传统温室 Traditional greenhouse	9.21	29.33	11.03	11.68	10.02	3.0828	92.05

图4 2种日光温室冬季气温时间动态注:A为冬季夜间最低温时,B为冬季昼间最高温时

Fig.4 Time dynamics diagram of winter temperature in two kinds of solar greenhouses Notes: In the figure, A is the lowest temperature in winter, and B is the highest temperature in winter

表3 不同日光温室日有效积温

Tab.3 Daily effective cumulative temperature of different solar greenhouses

温室类型 Greenhouse type	舒适生长时间 Comfortable growth time (h)	不舒适生长时间 Uncomfortable growth time (h)	日有效积温 Effective daily temperature accumulation (℃·h)
新型温室 New greenhouse	20	4	179.12
普通温室 Ordinary greenhouse	16	8	134.34

图5 2种日光温室冬季室内相对湿度动态

Fig.5 Dynamic diagram of indoor relative humidity of two solar greenhouses in winter

图6 2种日光温室冬季室内太阳光照辐射强度动态

Fig.6 Dynamic diagram of indoor solar light radiation intensity in two kinds of solar greenhouses in winter

图7 新型日光温室和普通墙体日光温室番茄株高、茎粗比较

Fig.7 Comparisons of plant height and stem thickness of tomato between low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and common wall solar greenhouse

图8 新型日光温室和普通墙体日光温室番茄叶片净光合速率比较

Fig.8 Comparisons of net photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves in low energy consumption assembled deep winter production solar greenhouse and ordinary wall solar greenhouse

图9 新型日光温室和普通墙体日光温室番茄营养成分的比较

Fig.9 Comparisons of nutritional composition of tomato in low-energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and common wall solar greenhouse

图10 2种日光温室番茄单产

Fig.10 Tomato per-mu yield of two kinds of solar greenhouses

图11 新型日光温室和普通墙体日光温室各阶段番茄产量的比较

Fig.11 Comparisons of tomato yield at each stage between low-energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and ordinary wall solar greenhouse

表4 2种温室越冬茬番茄生产综合评价指标无量纲化评分

Tab.4 Undimensionalized score of comprehensive evaluation index of tomato production in two greenhouses

温室类型 Greenhouse type	年费用 Annual cost	经济效益 Economic benefits	设施农业生产效率 Production efficiency of facility agriculture	热效率 Heat efficiency	地温增效 Ground temperature and efficiency	温室增温效果 Greenhouse warming effect	耗煤量 Coal consumption	光照增效 Light efficiency
新型温室 New greenhouse	0.75	0.95	0.85	0.90	0.95	0.90	0.00	0.75
传统温室 Traditional greenhouse	0.80	0.80	0.70	0.80	0.70	0.80	0.40	0.70

图12 新型日光温室和普通墙体日光温室效益

Fig.12 Radar analysis of low energy consumption assembly deep winter production solar greenhouse and ordinary wall solar greenhouse

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低能耗组装式深冬生产型日光温室环境因子变化及番茄性状分析

Variation of environmental factors and analysis of tomato traits in low-energy assembly-type deep-winter production solar greenhouse

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