新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1657-1665.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.012

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉花-花生轮作模式对土壤养分及其产量的影响

侯献飞1(), 李强1(), 苗昊翠1(), 贾东海1, 顾元国1, 买买提依明·斯马依1, 崔福洋2   

  1. 1.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
    2.伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院,新疆伊宁 835000
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-30 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-09-04
  • 通信作者: 李强(1980-),男,新疆人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为油料作物育种与栽培,(E-mail)lq19820302@126.com
    苗昊翠( 1981- ),女,研究员,研究方向为花生栽培与逆境生理,(E-mail)mc09876@163.com
  • 作者简介:侯献飞(1989- ),男,甘肃庆阳人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为油料作物遗传育种,(E-mail)hou544805196@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划-现代农牧业高层次人才(2023SNGGGCC018);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-13);中央引导地方项目“棉、油、糖数字精准高效生产技术体系集成与示范推广”(ZYYD2024CG23)

Effects of cotton-peanut rotation on the soil physicochemical properties and the yield of crop

HOU Xianfei1(), LI Qiang1(), MIAO haocui1(), JIA Donghai1, GU Yuanguo1, Maimaiyiming Simayi1, CUI Fuyang2   

  1. 1. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,China
    2. College of Biology and Geography Sciences, Ili Normal University, Yining Xinjiang 835000, China
  • Received:2023-11-30 Published:2024-07-20 Online:2024-09-04
  • Supported by:
    High-level talents of modern agriculture and animal husbandry(2023SNGGGCC018);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13);Cotton, oil, sugar digital precision and efficient production technology system integration and demonstration promotion '(ZYYD2024CG23)

摘要:

【目的】研究棉花-花生轮作模式下土壤养分及作物产量变化规律,为新疆绿洲农区产业结构调整提供一定的理论依据。【方法】试验为长期定位试验,设棉花-花生、花生-棉花、花生-花生(对照)、棉花-棉花4个处理(对照),于各轮作作物收获后取土样,测定0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量。【结果】棉花-花生轮作下,0~20 cm土壤有效磷含量最高,是棉花连作的2倍左右,且土壤速效钾含量明显高于棉花连作,在0~40 cm土层花生连作的土壤全氮含量最高,棉花-花生轮作的土壤水解氮含量最高;棉花-花生轮作的花生、棉花产量均高于连作棉花、连作花生,且棉花-花生轮作,较花生-花生连作的花生增产16.33%;2017年花生-棉花轮作下,棉花产量较棉花轮作增产8.2%。【结论】棉花-花生轮作模式可以提高连作棉田土壤肥力,提高棉花和花生产量。

关键词: 轮作; 棉花; 花生; 土壤养分; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】This project aims to study the changes of soil nutrients and crop yield under cotton-peanut rotation mode in order to provide a theoretical basis for industrial adjustment in oasis agricultural area of Xinjiang.【Methods】The experiment was a long-term positioning experiment. According to the rotation crops, there wee four treatments: cotton-peanut, peanut-cotton, peanut-peanut and cotton-cotton (the last two were the control treatment). Soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm after the harvest of each rotation crop, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were determined.【Results】Under the cotton peanut rotation mode, the content of available phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil was the highest, which was about twice that of cotton continuous cropping, and the content of soil available potassium was significantly higher than that of cotton continuous cropping. The content of soil total nitrogen was the highest under the peanut continuous cropping mode in 0-40 cm soil layer, and the content of soil hydrolytic nitrogen was the highest under the cotton peanut cropping mode; In terms of yield, the yield of peanut and cotton under cotton peanut rotation was higher than that of cotton and peanut continuous cropping, and the yield of peanut under cotton peanut planting mode was 16.33% higher than that under peanut planting mode; Under peanut cotton rotation, cotton yield increased by 9% compared with cotton continuous cropping.【Conclusion】Cotton-peanut rotation planting mode can improve soil fertility and crop yield in continuous cropping cotton field in Xinjiang.

Key words: crop rotation; cotton; peanut; soil nutrients; yield

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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