添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂对棉花养分吸收和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究添加脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)和硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)对棉花养分吸收和产量的影响。【方法】采取大田试验,供试棉花品种为新陆早64号和鲁棉研24号,共设置4个处理:不施氮肥(N₀)、施氮肥(N₃₀₀)、氮肥+脲酶抑制剂(N₃₀₀+NBPT)、氮肥+硝化抑制剂(N₃₀₀+DMPP)。【结果】与N₀相比,所有施氮处理均显著增加棉花生物量,促进棉花植株对养分氮、磷和钾的吸收。氮肥利用率从高到低顺序为N₃₀₀+DMPP>N₃₀₀+NBPT>N₃₀₀。施加氮肥和脲酶/硝化抑制剂均能显著提高棉花产量。鲁棉研24号养分吸收、氮肥利用率以及产量均优于新陆早64号,但生物量却显著低于新陆早64号。【结论】添加脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂可以促进棉花植株对养分的吸收利用,并提高氮肥利用率和棉花产量。

关键词: 棉花; 脲酶抑制剂; 硝化抑制剂; 养分吸收; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of urease inhibitor N-butyl thiophosphoryl triamine (NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on nutrient uptake and yield in cotton. 【Methods】 Using field experiments, the tested crops were cotton Xinluzao 64 and Lumianyan 24. Four treatments were set up: no nitrogen fertilizer (N₀), nitrogen fertilizer (N₃₀₀), nitrogen fertilizer+urease inhibitor (N₃₀₀+NBPT), and nitrogen fertilizer+nitrification inhibitor (N₃₀₀+DMPP). 【Results】 The results showed that compared to N₀, all nitrogen application treatments significantly increased cotton biomass and promoted the absorption of nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by cotton plants. The order of nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency from high to low is N₃₀₀+DMPP>N₃₀₀+NBPT>N₃₀₀. Applying nitrogen fertilizer and urease/nitrification inhibitors can significantly increase cotton yield. The Lumianyan 24 had better nutrient absorption, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and higher yield than Xinluzao 64, but its biomass was significantly lower than that of Xinluzao 64. 【Conclusion】 Adding urease and nitrification inhibitors can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients by cotton plants, improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, and ultimately effectively increase cotton yield.

Key words: cotton; urease inhibitors; nitrification inhibitors; nutrient absorption; yield

中图分类号:

S562

叶扬, 侯振安, 闵伟, 郭慧娟. 添加脲酶/硝化抑制剂对棉花养分吸收和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(4): 814-822.

YE Yang, HOU Zhen'an, MIN Wei, GUO Huijuan. Effects of urease/nitrification inhibitors on nutrient absorption and yield of cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(4): 814-822.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理下棉花总生物量变化注:(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)分别表示不同处理对棉花茎、叶、蕾铃和总生物量的影响。不同字母表示处理间差异达到显著性水平(P<0.05)

Fig.1 Changes of different treatments on cotton stem, leaf, bud and total biomass Note:(a), (b), (c), and (d) respectively represent the effects of different treatments on cotton stems, leaves, buds, and total biomass. The value labeled with similar letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05)

图2 不同处理下棉花总N吸收量变化注:(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)分别表示不同处理对棉花茎、叶、蕾铃和总N吸收量的影响。不同字母表示处理间差异达到显著性水平,(P<0.05)

Fig.2 Changes of different treatments on cotton N absorption Note: (a), (b), (c) and (d) show the effects of different treatments on cotton stems, leaves, buds and bolls and total N uptake. Different letters in the figure indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level (P<0.05)

图3 不同处理下棉花总P吸收量变化注:(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)分别表示不同处理对棉花茎、叶、蕾铃和总P吸收量的影响。不同字母表示处理间差异达到显著性水平,P<0.05

Fig.3 Changes of different treatments on cotton P absorption Note: (a), (b), (c) and (d) show the effects of different treatments on cotton stems, leaves, buds and bolls and total P uptake. Different letters in the figure indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level (P<0.05)

图4 不同处理下棉花总K吸收量变化注:(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)分别表示不同处理对棉花茎、叶、蕾铃和总K吸收量的影响。不同字母表示处理间差异达到显著性水平(P<0.05)

Fig.4 Changes of different treatments on cotton K absorption Note:Figures (a), (b), (c) and (d) show the effects of different treatments on cotton stems, leaves, buds and bolls and total K uptake. Different letters in the figure indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level (P<0.05)

图5 不同处理下棉花产量变化注:不同字母表示处理间差异达到显著性水平,(P<0.05)

Fig.5 Changes of different treatments on cotton yield Note:Different letters in the figure indicate that the difference between treatments reaches a significant level (P<0.05)

表1 不同处理下棉花氮肥利用率变化

Tab.1 Changes of Nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of cotton plants under different treatments

品种 Breed	处理 Treatments	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency (%)
新陆早64号 Xinluzao 64	N₀	—
	N₃₀₀	43.40
	N₃₀₀+NBPT	49.69
	N₃₀₀+DMPP	64.64
鲁棉研24号 Lumianyan 24	N₀	—
	N₃₀₀	46.29
	N₃₀₀+NBPT	56.481
	N₃₀₀+DMPP	68.94

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