深松耕作下灌溉定额对棉田水分利用效率及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2374-2383.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.005

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

深松耕作下灌溉定额对棉田水分利用效率及产量的影响

王亮¹(), 吾买尔江·库尔班², 郭仁松¹, 林涛¹, 徐海江¹, 郑子漂¹, 崔建平¹, 田立文¹()

1.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业科学院库车陆地棉试验站,新疆库车 842099

收稿日期:2021-11-10 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-12-21
通信作者: 田立文(1965-),男,安徽肥东人,研究员,研究方向为棉花轻简高效高产栽培,(E-mail)1365400936@qq.com
作者简介:王亮(1990-),男,甘肃张掖人,助理研究员,研究方向为棉花旱作节水生理,(E-mail)980201749@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2020D01B36);新疆农业科学院青年骨干创新能力培养基金(xjnkq-2019012);国家自然科学基金(31860358);自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02009-2);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201804);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101605);,国家棉花产业技术体系项目(CARS-15-50)

Effects of Irrigation Quota on Water use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton Field under Subsoiling Tillage

WANG Liang¹(), Wumaierjiang Kuerban², GUO Rensong¹, LIN Tao¹, XU Haijiang¹, ZHENG Zipiao¹, CUI Jianping¹, TIAN Liwen¹()

1. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Industrial Crops, Urumqi 830091 China
2. Kuqa Upland Cotton Test Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuqa Xinjiang 842099, China

Received:2021-11-10 Published:2022-10-20 Online:2022-12-21
Supported by:
Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020D01B36);Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Young Backbone Innovation Capacity Training Fund Projects(xjnkq-2019012);National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects(31860358);Key Research and Development( R&D )Projects in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02009-2);Key Laboratory of Physiological Ecology and Cultivation of Desert Oasis Crops, Ministry of Agriculture(25107020-201804);National Key R&D Program Projects(2017YFD0101605);National Cotton Industry Technology System Projects(CARS-15-50)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究深松耕作下灌溉定额对新疆南疆滴灌棉田棉花生长发育及水分利用效率和产量的影响,优化新疆滴灌棉田灌水制度,为新疆南疆地区棉花生产实现高效用水,节水保产提供理论依据。【方法】2019年,深松40 cm条件下,设置2 400 m³/hm²(W₁)、3 000 m³/hm²(W₂)、3 600 m³/hm²(W₃)和4 200 m³/hm²(W₄)4个滴灌定额的田间试验,测定并分析不同滴灌定额对棉花生长发育、水分利用效率及产量的调节效应。【结果】深松40 cm条件下,棉花株高和叶面积指数均随灌溉定额的增加呈线性增大趋势,W₃和W₄处理株高与叶面积指数显著高于W₁处理;灌溉定额的增加,促进生育后期生物量的形成,有利于产量提高,但灌溉定额过大,反而不利于生物量积累与产量形成,不同处理生物量累积表现为W₃>W₂>W₄>W₁的变化规律,且W₃处理显著高于W₁处理(P<0.05),分别较W₁、W₂和W₄处理高出18.8%、9.6%和13.9%;增加灌溉定额,各生育期0~80 cm土层内土壤含水量均呈递增变化趋势,但灌溉量过大,容易造成水分下渗;对于产量性状而言,W₃处理单株结铃数显著较W₁处理增加10.9%,W₂和W₃处理籽棉产量显著高于W₁和W₄处理(P<0.05),W₂处理分别较其他处理高出10.9%、0.6%和11.8%;水分利用效率随灌溉定额的增加显著降低(P<0.05),处理间均达到显著性差异。【结论】深松40 cm条件下,当灌溉定额在3 000~3 600 m³/hm²,更有利于促进棉花生长发育和干物质积累,能更好的平衡水分利用与产量的关系,利于产量形成。

关键词: 棉花; 灌溉定额; 深松; 土壤水分; 水分利用效率; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effects of irrigation quota on cotton growth and development, soil moisture distribution, water use efficiency and yield under subsoiling tillage in southern Xinjiang, optimize the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field in Xinjiang, which provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the irrigation system of drip irrigation cotton field and realizing efficient water use, water saving and increase production in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 Therefore, a cotton cultivation field positioning drip irrigation quotas experiment was carried out under the condition of subsoiling 40 cm from April to October of 2019 in Awati County experimental base of the arid inland Tarim Basin, Northwest Xinjiang, four drip irrigation quotas of 2400 m³/hm²(W₁),3,000 m³/hm²(W₂),3,600 m³/hm²(W₃)and 4,200 m³/hm²(W₄) were set,aiming to explore the effects of different drip irrigation quotas on cotton growth and development, water use efficiency (WUE) and the growth characteristics and crop productivity in cotton growing seasons.【Results】 Under the condition of 40 cm subsoiling, the plant height and leaf area index of cotton increased linearly with the increase of irrigation quota,The plant height and leaf area index of W₃ and W₄ treatment were significantly higher than that of W₁ treatment; The increase of irrigation quota promoted the formation of biomass in the later growth stage and was conducive to the increase of yield,but the excessive irrigation quota was not conducive to biomass accumulation and yield formation.The biomass accumulation of different treatments showed the change of W₃ > W₂ > W₄ > W₁, and W₃ treatment was significantly higher than W₁ treatment (P<0.05), which was 18.8%, 9.6% and 13.9% higher than W₁, W₂ and W₄ treatment respectively; With the increase of irrigation quota, the soil water content in each growth period showed an increasing trend in 0 ~ 80 cm soil layer, but too much irrigation was easy to cause water infiltration;However, excessive irrigation is easy to cause water infiltration; For yield and component factors, The number of bolls per plant in W₃ treatment was significantly higher than that in W₁ treatment by 10.9%, the yield of seed cotton in W₂ and W₃ treatment was significantly higher than that in W₁ and W₄ treatment (P<0.05), and the yield of seed cotton in W₂ treatment was 10.9%, 0.6% and 11.8% higher than that in W₁, W₂ and W₃ treatment, respectively; Water use efficiency decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota (P<0.05), and there were significant differences among different treatments.【Conclusion】 When the irrigation quota is in the range of 3,000-3,600 m³/hm², it is more conducive to promote cotton growth and development and dry matter accumulation, better balance the relationship between water use and yield, and facilitate yield formation, Under the condition of 40 cm subsoiling.

Key words: cotton; irrigation quota; subsoiling; soil moisture; water use efficiency; yield

中图分类号:

S562
S274

王亮, 吾买尔江·库尔班, 郭仁松, 林涛, 徐海江, 郑子漂, 崔建平, 田立文. 深松耕作下灌溉定额对棉田水分利用效率及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2374-2383.

WANG Liang, Wumaierjiang Kuerban, GUO Rensong, LIN Tao, XU Haijiang, ZHENG Zipiao, CUI Jianping, TIAN Liwen. Effects of Irrigation Quota on Water use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton Field under Subsoiling Tillage[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2374-2383.

图/表 7

表1 灌溉时间、灌水量及降雨量

Table 1 The list of irrigation time, irrigation amount and rainfall

生育时期 (日/月) Growth period (D/M)	灌水时间 (日/月) Irrigation time (D/M)	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	灌水量+降雨量 Irrigation and Precipitation(mm)
生育时期 (日/月) Growth period (D/M)	灌水时间 (日/月) Irrigation time (D/M)	灌水次数 Irrigation frequency	降雨量 Precipitation (mm)	W₁	W₂	W₃	W₄
苗期 Seedling(24/4~25/5)			3.56	3.56	3.56	3.56	3.56
蕾期 Bud stage(25/5~20/6)	19/6	1	6.6	30.6	36.6	42.6	48.6
花期F lowering stage (20/6~18/7)	26/6	4	36.21	132.21	156.21	180.21	204.21
	3/7
	10/7
	17/7
铃期 Boll setting stage (18/7~20/8)	24/7	4	70.2	166.2	190.2	214.2	238.2
	31/7
	7/8
	14/8
吐絮期 Boll opening stage (20/8~30/9)	21/8	1	12.45	36.45	42.45	48.45	54.45
全生育期 Whole growth period (24/4~30/9)		10	129.02	369.02	429.02	489.02	549.02

图1 棉花株高随灌溉定额变化注:图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同

Fig.1 Variation of cotton plant height with irrigation quota Note:Lowercase letters indicate difference significance test (P<0.05 ) among different treatments, the same as below

图2 棉花叶面积指数随灌溉定额变化

Fig.2 Changes of cotton leaf area index with irrigation quota

图3 不同灌溉定额下干物质积累量变化特征

Fig.3 Characteristics of dry matter accumulation of cotton under different irrigation quotas

表2 棉株地上部分生物量积累的Logistic模型及其特征值

Table 2 The Logistic equation and its features of above ground cotton dry matter accumulation

灌溉定额 Irrigation quota	方程 Equation	t₀	t₁	t₂	Δt	V_m (g/plant/d)	GT (g/plant)	R²
灌溉定额 Irrigation quota	方程 Equation	天数 Days(d)				V_m (g/plant/d)	GT (g/plant)	R²
W₁	Y=128.69/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{887 9-0}^.^{076 378}^t⁾]	77	60	94	34	2.5	84.7	0.992
W₂	Y=138.36/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{976 9-0}^.^{078 690}^t⁾]	76	59	93	33	2.7	91.1	0.989
W₃	Y=153.17/[1+e⁽⁵^.^{931 0-0}^.^{076 485}^t⁾]	78	60	95	34	2.9	100.9	0.992
W₄	Y=143.13/[1+e⁽⁴^.^{880 5-0}^.^{059 216}^t⁾]	82	60	105	44	2.1	94.3	0.975

图4 不同灌溉定额处理土壤水分动态变化

Fig.4 Dynamic variation of soil moisture under different irrigation quota treatments

表3 不同灌溉定额下籽棉产量及水分利用效率变化

Table 3 Changes of seed cotton yield and water use efficiency under different irrigation quotas

处理 Treatments	耗水量 ETc (mm)	收获株数 harvested plants (10⁴株/hm²)	单株结铃数 bolls per plant (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm²)	水分利用效率 WUE (%)
W₁	372.4^c	18.9^a	5.5^b	5. $0 a b$	43.3^a	5 247.9^b	14.1^a
W₂	443.4^b	19.2^a	5. $8 a b$	5.2^a	42.6^a	5 821.7^a	13.1^b
W₃	479.3^b	18.7^a	6.1^a	4. $9 a b$	43.4^a	5 787.7^a	12.1^c
W₄	541.7^a	18.8^a	5. $8 a b$	4.8^b	42.6^a	5 208.5^b	9.6^d

表3 不同灌溉定额下籽棉产量及水分利用效率变化

Table 3 Changes of seed cotton yield and water use efficiency under different irrigation quotas

处理 Treatments	耗水量 ETc (mm)	收获株数 harvested plants (10⁴株/hm²)	单株结铃数 bolls per plant (个/株)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm²)	水分利用效率 WUE (%)
W₁	372.4^c	18.9^a	5.5^b	5. $0 a b$	43.3^a	5 247.9^b	14.1^a
W₂	443.4^b	19.2^a	5. $8 a b$	5.2^a	42.6^a	5 821.7^a	13.1^b
W₃	479.3^b	18.7^a	6.1^a	4. $9 a b$	43.4^a	5 787.7^a	12.1^c
W₄	541.7^a	18.8^a	5. $8 a b$	4.8^b	42.6^a	5 208.5^b	9.6^d

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	DING Feng, PU Shenghai, LV Yuping, et al. Effects of different irrigation quotas on water consumption characteristics and water production efficiency of rice under film drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(9):1577-1584. DOI

深松耕作下灌溉定额对棉田水分利用效率及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Quota on Water use Efficiency and Yield of Cotton Field under Subsoiling Tillage

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