有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长性状、产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 2043-2048.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.009

有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长性状、产量的影响

牛新湘¹(), 蒲胜海¹, 吴湘琳¹, 李磐¹, 杨涛¹, 马红红¹, 陈宝柱¹, 杨健², 黄鑫², 冯广平¹, 马兴旺¹()

1.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2021-03-22 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-12-16
通信作者: 马兴旺(1970-),男,宁夏人,研究员,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为养分资源高效利用、面源污染防治,(E-mail) maxw@xaas.ac.cn
作者简介:牛新湘(1975-),女,湖南澧县人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物水肥管理,(E-mail) niuxinxiang@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“新疆南部棉区棉花化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2017YFD0201903);国家重点研发计划“绿洲灌区棉田地膜污染与氮磷淋溶综合防治技术模式示范”(2018YFD0800804)

Effects of the Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure on the Cotton growth character and Yield

NIU Xinxiang¹(), PU Shenghai¹, WU Xianglin¹, LI Pan¹, YANG Tao¹, MA Honghong¹, CHEN Baozhu¹, YANG Jian², HUANG Xin², FENG Guangping¹, MA Xingwang¹()

1. Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Watersaving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Northwest Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China,Urumqi 830091,China
2. College of Plant Science,Tarim University,Alar Xinjiang 843300,China

Received:2021-03-22 Published:2021-11-20 Online:2021-12-16
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development program of China "Southern Xinjiang cotton fertilizer and pesticide reduction efficiency technology integration and demonstration"(2017YFD0201903);National key research and development plan"Demonstration of integrated prevention and control technology model of film pollution and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in cotton field in oasis irrigation area"(2018YFD0800804)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究有机肥配施化肥影响棉花生长性状和产量。【方法】采用田间试验,以不施肥和无机复混肥为对照,研究化肥有机替代比例(20%、40%、100%)对棉花生长及产量的影响。【结果】不同生育时期,棉花株高、叶片数、SPAD值、茎粗以及棉花产量变化规律一致:T₅与T₁处理差异不显著,T₁、T₅分别与T₂、T₃、T₄处理差异显著。与无机肥处理(CF)比较,化肥减量20%下施用400 kg有机肥、化肥减量40%下施用800 kg有机肥处理,显著促进棉花生长、提高棉花产量。T₃、T₄处理棉花产量分别比空白处理(CK)增产27.70%、21.75%。【结论】有机肥配施化肥可以达到化肥减量、棉花增产的效果。

关键词: 棉花; 有机肥; 化肥; 生长性状; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore effects of the organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the cotton growth character and yield.【Method】 The effects of the partial substitution for chemiacal fertilizer with organic manure (20%、40% or 100%) on the cotton growth character and yield was ananlyzed by field experiment,with no fertilizer (CK) and inorganic fertilizer (CF) as the control.【Results】 The change law of leaf number,plant height,stem diameter,SPAD value and yield at different growing periods of cotton is consistent:There was no significant difference between T₁ and T₅; The test of significance of difference between T₁ and T₂, T₃, T₄ was significant; The test of significance of difference between T₅ and T₂, T₃, T₄ was significant;Compared with CF, the treatments of reducing 20%、40% chemical fertilizer with organic manure could significantly promote cotton growth and increase cotton yield. The cotton yield of T₃ and T₄ was 27.70% and 21.75% higher than that of non-fertilization treatmemnt (CK) respectly.【Conclusion】 Organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer can reduce chemical fertilizer and increase cotton yield.

Key words: cotton; organic manure; chemical fertilizer; growth character; yield

中图分类号:

S562.062

牛新湘, 蒲胜海, 吴湘琳, 李磐, 杨涛, 马红红, 陈宝柱, 杨健, 黄鑫, 冯广平, 马兴旺. 有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长性状、产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2043-2048.

NIU Xinxiang, PU Shenghai, WU Xianglin, LI Pan, YANG Tao, MA Honghong, CHEN Baozhu, YANG Jian, HUANG Xin, FENG Guangping, MA Xingwang. Effects of the Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure on the Cotton growth character and Yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2043-2048.

图/表 7

表1 各处理施肥量

Table 1 The fertilizer rate in all treatments

处理号 Treat ment num ber	处理方案 Treatments	普通有机肥 Common organic fertilizer (腐熟羊粪 Rotten sheep manure) (kg/667m²)	N (kg/667m²)	P₂O₅ (kg/667m²)
T₁	CK	0	0	0
T₂	CF	0	23.8	13.8
T₃	80%CF+OF₁	400	19.04	11.04
T₄	60%CF+OF₂	800	14.28	8.28
T₅	0CF+OF₃	2 000	0	0

图1 棉花叶片观测位点SPAD 值划分示意

Fig. 1 Cotton leaf observation sites SPAD values divided schemes

图2 有机替代化肥不同比例下生育时期叶片数变化

Fig. 2 Effect of the substitution for chemical fertilizer with organic manure on leaf number at different growing periods of cotton

图3 有机替代化肥不同比例下对棉花不同生育时期株高变化

Fig. 3 Effect of the substitution for chemical fertilizer with organic manure on plant height at different growing periods of cotton

图4 有机替代化肥不同比例下棉花不同生育时期茎粗变化

Fig. 4 Effect of the substitution for chemical fertilizer with organic manure on stem diameter at different growing periods of cotton

图5 有机替代化肥不同比例下棉花不同生育时期SPAD值变化

Fig. 5 Effect of the substitution for chemical fertilizer with organic manure on SPAD values at different growing periods of cotton

图6 有机替代化肥不同比例下棉花产量变化

Fig. 6 Effect of the substitution for chemical fertilizer with organic manure on cotton yield

参考文献 19

[1]	卫小华, 张立杰. 农业供给侧改革背景下新疆棉花产量变动及其驱动因素分析[J]. 江苏农业科学 2019, 47(14): 338-342.
	WEI Xiaohua, ZHANG Lijie. Analysis of Cotton Yield Change and Its Driving Factors in Xinjiang under the Background of Agricultural Supply Side Reform[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 47(14): 338-342.
[2]	张学昕, 刘淑英, 王平. 不同施肥处理对棉花生长及产量参数的影响[J]. 广东农业科学, 2018, 45(10): 61-67.
	ZHANG Xuexin, LIU Shuying, WANG Ping. Effects of different fertilizations on the growth and yield parameters of cotton[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 45(10): 61-67.
[3]	李亚兵, 韩迎春, 冯璐, 等. 我国棉花轻简化栽培关键技术研究进展[J]. 棉花学报, 2017, 29(S1): 80-88.
	LI Yabing, HAN Yingchun, FENG Lu, et al. Advances of Light and Simplified Cultivation Technologies in China[J]. Cotton Science, 2017, 29(S1): 80-88.
[4]	张维理, 武淑霞, 冀宏杰, 等. 中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I.21 世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J]. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(7):1008-1017.
	ZHANG Weili, WU Shuxia, JI Hongjie, et al. Estimation of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in China and the Alleviating Strategies I. Estimation of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in China in Early 21 Century[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004, 37(7):1 008-1 017.
[5]	王德建, 林静慧, 孙瑞娟, 等. 太湖地区稻麦高产的氮肥适宜用量及其对地下水的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2003, 40(3):426-432.
	WANG Dejian, LIN Jinghui, SUN Ruijuan, et al. optimum nitrogen rate for a high productive rice-wheat system and its impact on the groundwater in the taihu lake area[J]. Acta pedologica sinica, 2003, 40(3):426-432.
[6]	董家僖, 田秀平, 谭英爱, 等. 有机肥替代化肥总量对日光温室番茄生长及品质的影响[J]. 天津农学院学报, 2019, 26(3):31-33, 38.
	DONG Jiaxi, TIAN Xiuping, TAN Yingai, et al. Effects of organic fertilizer substituting traditional fertilizer on growth and quality of tomato in sunlight greenhouse[J]. Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University, 2019, 26(3):31-33, 38.
[7]	孟爱红, 荀贤玉, 杨宜生, 等. 有机肥不同比例替代化肥对大棚莴苣生长的影响[J]. 蔬菜, 2019,(11):19-24.
	MENG Aihong, XUN Xianyu, YANG Yisheng, et al. Effects of organic fertilizer of different proportions replacing chemical fertilizer on the growth of lettuce in greenhouse[J]. Vegetables, 2019,(11):19-24.
[8]	赵满兴, 刘慧, 白二磊, 等. 腐殖酸和生物有机肥替代化肥对烤烟生长及品质的影响[J]. 分子植物育种, 2019, 17(9):3105-3114.
	ZHAO Manxing, LIU Hui, BAI Erlei, et al. Effect of different proportion of bio-organic fertilizer and humic acid fertilizer on tobacco growth and leaf quality[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2019, 17(9):3105-3114.
[9]	殷璐怡, 杨建平. 溧阳市水稻生产上有机肥部分替代化肥试验研究[J]. 上海农业科技, 2018,(3):103-104.
	YIN Luyi, YANG Jianping. Study on partial substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer in rice production in Liyang[J]. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018,(3):103-104.
[10]	罗佳, 王同, 刘丽珠, 等. 水葫芦有机肥与化肥配施对青椒生长、产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 江西农业学报, 2015, 27(4):19-23.
	LUO Jia, WANG Tong, LIU Lizhu, et al. Effects of Combined Application of Organic Compost from Water Hyacinth and Chemical Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Green Pepper[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2015, 27(4):19-23.
[11]	付斌, 胡万里, 刘宏斌, 等. 不同施氮量与施肥方式对洱海周边露地蔬菜青笋的生长性状、产量的影响[J]. 西南农业学报, 2009, 22(1):126-129.
	FU Bin, HU Wanli, LIU Hongbin, et al. Effects of Different N Application Levels and Application Methods on the Growth Character and Yield of Lettuce in the Open Field in the Surrounding Area of Erhai Basin[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 22(1):126-129.
[12]	孙桂兰, 冯克云, 赵欣欣, 等. 有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(4):762-769. DOI
	SUN Guilan, FENG Keyun, ZHAO Xinxin, et al. Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Cotton Growth,Development and Yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(4):762-769. DOI
[13]	陈宝燕, 马兴旺, 杨涛, 等. 棉花生育期SPAD值准确性与样本数的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(22):4748-4755.
	CHEN Baoyan, MA Xingwang, YANG Tao, et al. Research on the Relationship Between the Accuracy of SPAD Value and Sample Number in Growing Period of Cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(22):4748-4755.
[14]	李淑仪, 邓许文, 陈发, 等. 有机无机肥配施比例对蔬菜产量和品质及土壤重金属含量的影响[J]. 生态环境, 2007, 16(4):1125-1134.
	LI Shuyi, DENG Xuwen, CHEN Fa, et al. Effects of the quantity and proportion of organic and mineral fertilizers on vegetable yield and quality and soil heavy metal contents[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2007, 16(4): 1125-1134.
[15]	Yadav R L, Dvivedi B S, Prasad K, et al. Yield trends,and changes in soil organic-C and available NPK in a long-term rice - wheat system under integrated use of manures and fertilizers[J]. Field Crops Res, 2000, 68:219-246. DOI URL
[16]	杜凤霞, 孙云开, 李萍萍, 等. 不同醋糟有机肥与无机肥配施对土壤及莴苣品质产量的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2012, 40(3): 119-121.
	DU Fengxia, SUN Yunkai, Li Pingping, et al. Effects of different vinegar lees combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers on the quality and yield[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 40(3):119-121.
[17]	罗佳, 蒋小芳, 孟琳, 等. 不同堆肥原料的有机无机复合肥对油菜生长及土壤供氮特性的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(1):97-106.
	LUO Jia, JIANG Xiaofang, Meng Lin, et al. Effects of chem ical fertilizer and different composts on growth of oilseed rape and soil nitrogen supply[J]. acta pedologica sinca, 2010, 47(1): 97-106.
[18]	刘守龙, 童成立, 吴金水, 等. 等氮条件下有机无机肥配比对水稻产量的影响探讨[J]. 土壤学报, 2007, 44(1): 106-112.
	LIU Shoulong, TONG Chengli, WU Jinshui, et al. effect of ratio of organic manure/chemical fertilizer in fertilization on rice yield under the same n condition[J]. acta pedologica sinica, 2007, 44(1): 106-112.
[19]	王昌全, 李廷强, 夏建国, 等. 有机无机复合肥对农产品产量和品质的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2001, 19(3): 241-244.
	WANG Changquan, LI Tingqiang, XIA Jianguo, et al. Effects of Organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Agricultural Products[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2001, 19(3): 241-244.

有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长性状、产量的影响

Effects of the Substitution for Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Manure on the Cotton growth character and Yield

在线阅读

PDF下载

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 19

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	苗红萍, 王晓伟, 田聪华, 李志, 张玉新, 戴俊生. 塔里木河流域棉花生产与布局演变特征及驱动因素分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 217-226.
[2]	王俊铎, 崔豫疆, 梁亚军, 龚照龙, 郑巨云, 李雪源. 新疆棉花生产优势区域分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 60-69.
[3]	郑巨云, 龚照龙, 梁亚军, 耿世伟, 孙丰磊, 阳妮, 李雪源, 王俊铎. 新疆机采棉花生产关键技术模式[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 70-74.
[4]	李杰, 刘佳, 王亮, 张娜, 杨延龙, 郑子漂, 魏鑫, 王萌, 周子馨, 阳妮, 龚照龙, 侯献飞, 黄启秀, 阿不都卡地尔·库尔班, 张济鹏, 张鹏忠. “棉、油、糖”科技成果转化现状及应用分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 89-94.
[5]	扁青永, 付彦博, 祁通, 黄建, 蒲胜海, 孟阿静, 哈丽哈什·依巴提. 新疆南疆盐碱地棉花出苗影响因素及保苗措施分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 95-100.
[6]	李永泰, 高阿香, 李艳军, 张新宇. 脱叶剂对不同敏感性棉花品种生理特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2094-2102.
[7]	张泽华, 叶含春, 王振华, 李文昊, 李海强, 刘健. 等氮配施脲酶抑制剂对滴灌棉花生长发育和产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2103-2111.
[8]	陈瑞杰, 罗林毅, 阮向阳, 冶军. 腐植酸对滴灌棉田土壤养分和棉花产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2112-2121.
[9]	黄铂轩, 李鹏程, 郑苍松, 孙淼, 邵晶晶, 冯卫娜, 庞朝友, 徐文修, 董合林. 不同氮素抑制剂对棉花生长发育、氮素利用与产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2122-2131.
[10]	王超, 徐文修, 李鹏程, 郑苍松, 孙淼, 冯卫娜, 邵晶晶, 董合林. 棉花苗期生长发育对土壤速效钾水平的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2132-2139.
[11]	张鸟, 王卉, 冯国郡, 再吐尼古丽·库尔班. 不同粒用高粱品种产量和农艺性状及品质的差异性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2160-2167.
[12]	张庭军, 李字辉, 崔豫疆, 孙孝贵, 陈芳. 微生物菌剂对棉花生长及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2269-2276.
[13]	陈芳, 李字辉, 孙孝贵, 张庭军. 不同剂量的微生物菌剂对加工番茄产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2285-2289.
[14]	张承洁, 胡浩然, 段松江, 吴一帆, 张巨松. 氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育及产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1821-1830.
[15]	董志多, 徐菲, 付秋萍, 黄建, 祁通, 孟阿静, 付彦博, 开赛尔·库尔班. 不同类型盐碱胁迫对棉花种子萌发的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1831-1844.