无核白葡萄营养系果实品质及葡萄干特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.11.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 筛选出丰产优质的无核白株系,为无核白葡萄的优质、高产栽培奠定基础。【方法】 以无核白葡萄为对照,以其性状上有变异的18个营养系为试材,调查和描述其果穗性状,测定果实品质并进行制干试验。【结果】 长穗无核白和宁夏无核白的果穗质量较高,分别是620.20和632.67 g,是对照的2.25倍和2.29倍;W₃的果粒质量最大(3.10 g),其次是大粒无核白(2.45 g),分别是对照的2.35倍和2.97倍;18个营养系葡萄果实可溶性固形物含量均低于无核白,大粒无核白、W₅和W₉的还原糖含量高于对照,分别比对照提高了1.34%、1.91%和3.17%,W₅、早无核白和红秀的糖酸比极显著高于对照,分别比对照提高了18.11%、23.34%和22.97%,大粒无核白和W₃的VC含量显著高于对照,分别比对照提高了15.03%和23.08%。大粒无核白和W₈ 出干率高于对照,分别比对照提高了6.65%和3.98%,此外长粒无核白葡萄干的果形指数最大为3.10,是对照的1.46倍。早无核白因其粉红色的外观晾制的葡萄干外观独特,呈现黄红色-红褐色。【结论】 长穗无核白、大粒无核白、W₃、长粒无核白营养系表现优良,此外早无核白可作为特色株系加以利用。

关键词: 无核白葡萄; 营养系; 果实品质; 葡萄干

Abstract:

【Objective】 Its line for fresh and raisins, this project aims to select high yield and good quality in the hope of providing the foundation for the grape's cultivation with high quality and high yield.【Methods】 18 diverse lines of this variety were taken as materials, Thompson seedless grape was used as control, the characters of bunch were described, the fruit quality was determined and drying test was carried out.【Results】 Bunch weight of long-bunch Thompson seedless and Ningxia Thompson seedless were 620.20 and 632.67 g respectively, which were 2.25 times and 2.29 times compared with CK. Berry weight of W₃ was maximum and 3.10 g, followed by big-berry Thompson seedless and berry weight was 2.45 g, which was 2.35 times and 2.97 times respectively. The soluble solid content of 18 lines was lower than that of CK, the reducing sugar contents of big-berry Thompson seedless, W₅ and W₉ were 1.34%, 1.91% and 3.17% higher than that of CK respectively, the sugar-acid ratio of W₅, Zaowuhebai and Hongxiu were significantly higher than that of CK, and increased by 18.11%, 23.34% and 22.97%, VC of big-berry Thompson seedless and W₃ were significantly higher than that of CK, and increased by 6.65% and 3.98. In terms of drying characteristics, dry rate of big-berry Thompson seedless and W₈ were 6.65% and 3.98% higher than that of CK. In addition, shape index of long-berry Thompson seedless raisins was 3.10 and 1.46 times compared with CK, and popular in the market. Zaowuhebai was pink and raisins had unique appearance with yellow-red-reddish-brown color.【Conclusion】 Long-bunch Thompson seedless, big-berry Thompson seedless and long-berry Thompson seedless have excellent performance, which, in addition, Zaowuhebai can be used as a characteristic strain.

Key words: Thompson Seedless; lines; fruit quality; raisins

中图分类号:

S663.1

户金鸽, 白世践. 无核白葡萄营养系果实品质及葡萄干特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(11): 2751-2763.

HU Jinge, BAI Shijian. Study on the fruit quality and raisins character of thompson seedless and Its lines[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(11): 2751-2763.

图/表 9

参考文献 22

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序号 Number	品种或营养系 Variety or lines	果穗性状 Bunch character
1	无核白	适中,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮薄肉脆,味极甜,果皮无涩味
2	长穗无核白	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄偏适中,倒卵圆形,皮较薄肉脆,味甜,果皮无涩味
3	大粒无核白	疏,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄偏适中,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味极甜, 果皮无涩味,有不明显残核
4	长粒无核白	疏,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,不规则歪鸡心形,皮薄肉脆,味甜,果皮无涩味
5	W₁	适中或疏,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味极甜, 1~3残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
6	W₂	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜,1~2残核, 大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
7	W₃	适中或偏紧,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,近圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜, 果皮无涩味,具1粒褐色残核
8	W₄	疏,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆或短椭圆形,皮中等厚或薄, 肉脆,味甜,1~2粒绿色残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
9	W₅	适中或偏紧,绿-黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮中等厚, 肉脆,味甜,1~2粒绿色残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
10	W₆	极疏,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮较薄,肉脆,味甜, 少量1~2粒残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
11	W₇	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜, 果皮无涩味,具1~4粒绿色残核
12	W₈	适中,黄绿色或绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆, 味极甜,少量1~2粒残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
13	W₉	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜, 无残核,果皮无涩味
14	W₁₄	适中或偏紧,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,椭圆形,皮薄肉脆, 味甜,1~2粒不明显残核,果皮无涩味
15	W₁₅	适中或疏,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆或椭圆形, 皮薄肉脆,味甜,无残核,果皮无涩味
16	W₁₆	适中或偏紧,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆或椭圆形, 皮较薄,肉脆,味甜,1~2粒不明显残核,果皮无涩味
17	早无核白	适中或偏紧,绿色-粉色,着色不一致,果粉中等厚
18	宁夏无核白	紧或极紧,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,椭圆形,皮较薄肉脆, 味极甜,无残核,果皮无涩味
19	红秀	适中或偏紧,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄

序号 Number	品种或营养系 Variety or lines	果穗性状 Bunch character
1	无核白	适中,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮薄肉脆,味极甜,果皮无涩味
2	长穗无核白	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄偏适中,倒卵圆形,皮较薄肉脆,味甜,果皮无涩味
3	大粒无核白	疏,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄偏适中,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味极甜, 果皮无涩味,有不明显残核
4	长粒无核白	疏,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,不规则歪鸡心形,皮薄肉脆,味甜,果皮无涩味
5	W₁	适中或疏,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味极甜, 1~3残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
6	W₂	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜,1~2残核, 大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
7	W₃	适中或偏紧,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,近圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜, 果皮无涩味,具1粒褐色残核
8	W₄	疏,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆或短椭圆形,皮中等厚或薄, 肉脆,味甜,1~2粒绿色残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
9	W₅	适中或偏紧,绿-黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮中等厚, 肉脆,味甜,1~2粒绿色残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
10	W₆	极疏,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮较薄,肉脆,味甜, 少量1~2粒残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
11	W₇	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜, 果皮无涩味,具1~4粒绿色残核
12	W₈	适中,黄绿色或绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,短椭圆形,皮薄肉脆, 味极甜,少量1~2粒残核,大部分有残核,果皮无涩味
13	W₉	适中,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,椭圆形,皮薄肉脆,味甜, 无残核,果皮无涩味
14	W₁₄	适中或偏紧,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,椭圆形,皮薄肉脆, 味甜,1~2粒不明显残核,果皮无涩味
15	W₁₅	适中或疏,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆或椭圆形, 皮薄肉脆,味甜,无残核,果皮无涩味
16	W₁₆	适中或偏紧,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,倒卵圆或椭圆形, 皮较薄,肉脆,味甜,1~2粒不明显残核,果皮无涩味
17	早无核白	适中或偏紧,绿色-粉色,着色不一致,果粉中等厚
18	宁夏无核白	紧或极紧,绿黄色,大小着色一致,果粉薄,椭圆形,皮较薄肉脆, 味极甜,无残核,果皮无涩味
19	红秀	适中或偏紧,黄绿色,大小着色一致,果粉薄

品种或营养系 Variety or lines	果穗质量 Bunch weight (g)	果穗大小 Bunch size		色差 Colorimeter				单产 Yield per 667m² (kg/ 667m²)
品种或营养系 Variety or lines	果穗质量 Bunch weight (g)	穗长 Bunch length (cm)	穗宽 Bunch width (cm)	L	a	b	C	单产 Yield per 667m² (kg/ 667m²)
无核白 Thompson Seedless	276.00±51.67^defgBCDE	26.70	11.00	43.75	3.45	15.76	16.17	691.38
长穗无核白 Long-bunch Thompson Seedless	620.20±26.29^abA	44.33	12.83	44.54	0.73	16.18	16.21	2 278.61
大粒无核白 Big-berry Thompson Seedless	91.14±13.33^ghDE	12.60	9.50	43.01	1.79	14.00	14.46	136.98
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless	48.77±10.51^hE	19.33	6.83	47.58	2.51	18.58	18.77	105.87
W₁	164.70±75.44^fghCDE	18.88	9.13	43.10	1.83	14.54	14.67	165.03
W₂	181.63±27.74^efghCDE	18.13	11.88	41.74	1.51	14.37	14.45	242.66
W₃	316.20±90.61^cdefBCDE	21.50	12.00	43.38	0.18	14.54	14.58	686.47
W₄	253.00±67.25^degghBCDE	30.00	12.17	42.95	0.98	14.86	14.90	676.02
W₅	327.10±166.65^cdefBCD	26.67	10.83	42.57	1.32	15.11	15.17	710.13
W₆	195.23±257.09^efghCDE	22.67	5.83	48.35	1.14	20.46	20.50	228.23
W₇	268.37±24.01^defgBCDE	29.75	11.00	43.37	0.75	15.19	15.23	963.57
W₈	258.43±85.34^defgBCDE	24.67	10.33	43.01	0.80	15.26	15.29	474.74
W₉	383.20±159.73^cdeABC	29.88	11.50	43.68	-0.32	15.09	15.12	1 535.87
W₁₄	483.20±289.99^abcAB	33.17	13.17	42.36	-0.46	14.44	14.46	1 452.50
W₁₅	359.00±59.13^cdefABCD	29.63	11.00	42.41	-0.03	13.99	13.99	1 259.01
W₁₆	423.53±98.91^bcdABC	29.67	11.83	42.51	0.43	14.15	14.17	848.76
早无核白 Zaowuhebai	492.13±146.08	29.25	11.88	41.09	4.20	10.82	11.95	-
宁夏无核白 Ningxia Wuhebai	632.67±129.62	29.50	15.83	42.33	-0.29	13.40	13.41	3 064.00
红秀 Hongxiu	410.80±69.66	25.13	13.25	43.60	0.50	15.58	15.60	823.24

品种或营养系 Variety or lines	果穗质量 Bunch weight (g)	果穗大小 Bunch size		色差 Colorimeter				单产 Yield per 667m² (kg/ 667m²)
品种或营养系 Variety or lines	果穗质量 Bunch weight (g)	穗长 Bunch length (cm)	穗宽 Bunch width (cm)	L	a	b	C	单产 Yield per 667m² (kg/ 667m²)
无核白 Thompson Seedless	276.00±51.67^defgBCDE	26.70	11.00	43.75	3.45	15.76	16.17	691.38
长穗无核白 Long-bunch Thompson Seedless	620.20±26.29^abA	44.33	12.83	44.54	0.73	16.18	16.21	2 278.61
大粒无核白 Big-berry Thompson Seedless	91.14±13.33^ghDE	12.60	9.50	43.01	1.79	14.00	14.46	136.98
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless	48.77±10.51^hE	19.33	6.83	47.58	2.51	18.58	18.77	105.87
W₁	164.70±75.44^fghCDE	18.88	9.13	43.10	1.83	14.54	14.67	165.03
W₂	181.63±27.74^efghCDE	18.13	11.88	41.74	1.51	14.37	14.45	242.66
W₃	316.20±90.61^cdefBCDE	21.50	12.00	43.38	0.18	14.54	14.58	686.47
W₄	253.00±67.25^degghBCDE	30.00	12.17	42.95	0.98	14.86	14.90	676.02
W₅	327.10±166.65^cdefBCD	26.67	10.83	42.57	1.32	15.11	15.17	710.13
W₆	195.23±257.09^efghCDE	22.67	5.83	48.35	1.14	20.46	20.50	228.23
W₇	268.37±24.01^defgBCDE	29.75	11.00	43.37	0.75	15.19	15.23	963.57
W₈	258.43±85.34^defgBCDE	24.67	10.33	43.01	0.80	15.26	15.29	474.74
W₉	383.20±159.73^cdeABC	29.88	11.50	43.68	-0.32	15.09	15.12	1 535.87
W₁₄	483.20±289.99^abcAB	33.17	13.17	42.36	-0.46	14.44	14.46	1 452.50
W₁₅	359.00±59.13^cdefABCD	29.63	11.00	42.41	-0.03	13.99	13.99	1 259.01
W₁₆	423.53±98.91^bcdABC	29.67	11.83	42.51	0.43	14.15	14.17	848.76
早无核白 Zaowuhebai	492.13±146.08	29.25	11.88	41.09	4.20	10.82	11.95	-
宁夏无核白 Ningxia Wuhebai	632.67±129.62	29.50	15.83	42.33	-0.29	13.40	13.41	3 064.00
红秀 Hongxiu	410.80±69.66	25.13	13.25	43.60	0.50	15.58	15.60	823.24

品种或营养系 Variety or lines	果粒质量 Berry weight (g)	果粒纵径 Berry length (mm)	横径 Berry width (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果刷长度 Brush fruit length (mm)	果梗粗度 Stem roughness (mm)	果实硬度 Fruit firmness (kg/cm²)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid content(%)	还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content (g/mL)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)	糖酸比 Sugar -acid ratio	VC含量 VC content (mg/100g)
无核白 Thompson Seedless	1.04±0.05^iK	13.59±0.240.64^iH	11.28±0.43^iJK	1.20±0.05^efghEFG	4.40±0.52^eF	0.98±0.12^gFG	0.64±0.17^klKL	25.11±0.04^aA	198.70±1.44^cC	0.60±0.00^bcBCD	33.12±0.24^defghCD	13.12±1.43^bCD
长穗无核白 Long-bunch Thompson Seedless	1.64±0.25^eDE	18.09±1.28^bB	13.23±0.55^dEF	1.37±0.09^bB	5.15±0.74^bcCDE	1.43±0.15^bB	1.17±0.14^cdCD	21.33±0.72^gG	180.90±3.24^hiG	0.61±0.02^bBC	29.57±1.45^hijDEF	13.37±0.34^bBC
大粒无核白 Big-berry Thompson Seedless	2.45±0.16^bB	16.97±1.04^cdC	15.98±0.75^bB	1.06±0.06^ikIJ	5.06±0.39^cdCDE	1.62±0.16^aA	0.76±0.13^ijHIJK	23.02±1.05^cdeBC	201.37±0.76^bBC	0.53±0.06^efghDEF	38.72±4.39^abcAB	15.09±0.38^aAB
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless	1.05±0.05^iK	15.80±1.31^fghEF	10.50±0.49^iL	1.51±0.12^aA	3.71±0.43^fG	0.91±0.15^hGH	0.75±0.11^ijIJK	21.15±0.47^gG	180.43±2.48^iG	0.51±0.02^fghEF	35.25±1.52^cdeBC	11.01±0.12^efFGHI
W₁	1.34±0.05^hiGH	15.42±1.10^ghiEFG	12.72±1.58	1.23±0.13^efEF	5.19±0.52^bcCDE	1.15±0.12^eCDE	0.82±0.14^hijGHIJ	21.27±0.54^gG	185.73±0.65^fF	0.55±0.02^cdefCDEF	33.81±1.47^defCD	12.66±0.90^bcCDEF
W₂	1.18±0.03^jkHIJK	13.58±0.77^iH	12.26±0.76^fGHI	1.11±0.08^ijHI	6.21±0.57^aA	1.34±0.16^cB	0.56±0.12^iL	21.06±0.32^gG	152.13±0.81^mK	0.59±0.06^bcdBCDE	26.06±2.54^jF	11.22±0.37^deEFGH
W₃	3.11±0.10^aA	17.47±1.00^cBC	17.18±0.70^aA	1.02±0.05^kJ	6.05±0.46^aAB	1.65±0.14^aA	0.83±0.15^hiGHIJ	23.44±1.07^bcB	182.73±0.40^hiFG	0.55±0.02^cdefCDEF	33.26±1.27^defghCD	16.15±0.28^aA
W₄	1.55±0.10^efEF	16.10±1.02^efDE	12.07±0.65^fghHI	1.33±0.06^bcBC	6.50±0.88^aA	1.22±0.10^deC	1.40±0.20^aA	22.74±0.39^eCD	182.97±1.06^ghFG	0.69±0.02^aA	26.63±0.86^jiEF	12.45±1.80^bcdCDEF
W₅	1.09±0.09^klIJK	15.29±0.37^hiEFG	12.33±0.43^efGH	1.24±0.04^eDE	5.05±0.59^cdCDE	1.17±0.12^deCD	1.00±0.15^efEF	23.03±0.51^cdeBC	202.50±1.35^bAB	0.53±0.08^efghDEF	39.12±5.76^abAB	13.05±1.38^bCD
W₆	1.33±0.10^hiGH	13.65±0.80^iH	11.82±0.54^ghHIJ	1.16±0.06^hiGH	3.44±0.33^fG	0.88±0.13^hH	0.89±0.08^ghFGH	22.28±1.47^fDE	174.57±1.05^iH	0.49±0.00^ghF	35.81±0.22^bcdBC	11.61±0.46^cdeDEFG
W₇	1.28±0.15^hijGH	15.25±1.04^hiFG	12.25±0.47^fGHI	1.25±0.08^eDE	5.27±0.43^bcCD	1.04±0.12^fgF	0.73±0.19^jkJK	22.83±0.41^deCD	191.70±0.56^eE	0.58±0.02^bcdeBCDE	33.37±1.22^defgCD	13.44±0.22^bBC
W₈	1.07±0.06^klJK	14.09±0.96^iH	11.26±0.67^iJK	1.25±0.07^deDE	4.95±0.68^cdDEF	0.87±0.10^hH	0.93±0.18^fgFG	23.50±0.40^bB	195.23±1.37^dD	0.60±0.04^bcBCD	32.63±2.12^defghCD	12.84±0.64^bcCDE
W₉	1.23±0.05^ijGHIJ	13.96±1.31^iH	11.24±0.67^iK	1.24±0.11^eDE	4.88±0.31^cdDEF	0.90±0.11^hGH	1.09±0.23^deDE	23.09±0.93^bcdeBC	205.00±1.87^aA	0.58±0.02^bcdeBCDE	35.69±1.61^bcdBC	9.18±0.55^hJ
W₁₄	1.96±0.08^cCijGH	19.03±1.19^aA	13.95±0.67^cCD	1.37±0.08^bBC	6.20±0.88^aA	1.23±0.09^dC	1.36±0.16^aA	20.06±0.59^gG	162.67±0.76^lJ	0.53±0.00^efghDEF	30.98±0.15^fghCDE	9.70±0.84^ghHIJ
W₁₅	1.24±0.06^ijGHI	15.62±1.35^fghEFG	11.71±0.51^hIJK	1.34±0.13^bcBC	5.58±0.76^bBC	1.08±0.11^fDEF	0.93±0.13^fgFG	21.26±0.35^gG	174.93±1.14^iH	0.53±0.00^efghDEF	33.32±0.22^defgCD	9.85±0.22^fghGIJ
W₁₆	1.77±0.16^dD	15.98±0.93^fgDEF	13.51±0.68^dDE	1.18±0.06^fghEFG	4.60±0.55^deEF	1.07±0.11^fEF	1.31±0.22^abAB	21.37±0.51^gG	169.87±2.01^kI	0.54±0.04^defgDEF	31.71±2.66^dfghCD	9.28±2.01^hIJ
早无核白 Zaowuhebai	1.39±0.06^ghFG	14.94±0.71^iG	12.36±0.41^efGH	1.21±0.06^efgEFG	5.07±0.45^cCDE	1.05±0.20^fgF	0.86±0.15^ghGHI	22.06±0.58^gG	195.30±0.61^dD	0.48±0.04^hF	41.18±2.06^aA	9.25±0.62^hJ
宁夏无核白 Ningxia Wuhebai	2.04±0.09^cC	16.66±0.84^deCD	14.21±0.61^cC	1.17±0.07^ghFGH	5.57±0.40^bBC	0.87±0.10^hH	1.02±0.24^efEF	21.49±0.64^gFG	185.27±1.02^fgF	0.63±0.04^bAB	29.74±2.14^ghiEDF	13.08±0.76^bCD
红秀 Hongxiu	1.51±0.10^fgEF	15.77±0.63^fghEF	12.14±0.48^cCfgHI	1.30±0.07^cdCD	5.16±0.51^bcCDE	1.04±0.10^fgF	1.24±0.13^bcBC	23.27±0.58^bcdBC	198.53±1.07^cC	0.49±0.00^ghF	40.72±0.22^aA	10.58±0.24^efgGHIJ