密度对不同株型春大豆品种花荚形成和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究分枝型春大豆品种花荚形成及产量对密度响应及其与主茎型品种的差异。【方法】2020年在田间分析4个种植密度42.0×10⁴株/hm²(D₁)、32.0×10⁴株/hm²(D₂)、27.0×10⁴株/hm²(D₃)、22.0×10⁴株/hm²(D₄)对绥农52(分枝型)、新大豆27号(独秆型)花荚形成及产量的影响。【结果】绥农52、新大豆27号单株开花数D₁较D₄分别减少42.04%(其中,主茎、分枝花数分别减少9.78%、80.59%)、18.81%,绥农52主要是主茎中、上部节花数和基部第一、二分枝花数减少的结果,新大豆27号主要减少植株中、下部节开花数,开花期提前结束;单位面积总花数D₁较D₄分别增加6.60%(其中,主茎花数增加65.94%,分枝花数减少64.30%)、55.89%;绥农52、新大豆27号单株荚腔数D₁较D₄分别降低44.87%(其中,主茎、分枝荚腔数分别减少17.90%、74.82%)、35.27%;绥农52单位面积总腔数D₃较D₄增加6.47%(其中,主茎腔数增加14.11%,分枝腔数减少2.0%),新大豆27号D₁较D₄增加24.32%;产量绥农52以D₂较高(5 931.90 kg/hm²,其中,分枝占19.96%),新大豆27号以D₁较高(6 469.23 kg/hm²)。【结论】增加单位面积总花数、总腔数和总粒数可以增加密度增产;增加密度抑制分枝花、荚、粒形成,绥农52号总花数、总腔数、总粒数和产量的增加幅度小于新大豆27号;绥农52号获高产密度(27.0×10⁴~32.0×10⁴株/hm²)低于新大豆27号(32.0×10⁴~42.0×10⁴株/hm²)。

关键词: 春大豆; 分枝型品种; 密度; 花荚形成; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the differences of responses in flower and pod formation and yield to density between branching-type and single stem-type spring soybean varieties,【Methods】 4 planting densities of 420,000 plants/hm² (D₁), 320,000 plants/hm² (D₂), 270,000 plants/hm² (D₃), and 220,000 plants/hm² (D₄) were applied for Suinong 52, a branch-type variety, and Xindadou 27, a single-stem variety, in a field experiment in 2020.【Results】 The results showed that the number of flowers per plant of Suinong 52 and Xindadou 27 decreased by 42.04% and 18.81%, respectively, at D₁ when compared with D₄, among which the number of main stem and branches decreased by 9.78% and 80.59% for Suinong 52.The decreases of flowers number in Suinong 52 were mainly found in the middle and upper parts of the main stem as well as in the first and second basal branches, whereas Xindadou 27 mainly reduced the flowers number in the middle and lower parts of the plant.In addition, the flowering period of Xindadou 27 ended early.Compared with D₄, the total number of flowers per unit area at D₁ increased by 6.60% for Suinong 52 (among which, the number increased by 65.94% in the main stem and decreased by 64.30% in branches) and 55.89% for Xindadou 27.The pod cavity number of single plant at D₁ decreased by 44.87% and 35.27% for Suinong 52 (decreased respectively by 17.90% and 74.82% in the main stem and branch) and Xindadou 27, respectively, when compared with D₄.The total number of pod cavity per unit area of Suinong 52 increased by 6.47% at D₃ compared with D₄ (among which, the number of main stem increased by 14.11% and decreased by 2.0% for branches), and Xindadou 27 increased the number by 24.32% at D₁ compared with D₄.The yield of Suinong 52 was found highest at D₂ (5,931.90 kg/hm², among which branches accounted for 19.96%), while D₁ was the highest one for Xindadou 27 (6,469.23 kg/hm²).【Conclusion】 Higher total number of flowers, pod cavity and seed per unit area are the reasons for increasing yield under higher planting density.However, increasing the density seriously inhibits the formation of branched flowers, pods and seeds for Suinong 52, which leads to the increase in the total number of flowers, pod cavity and seed and yield smaller than that of Xindadou 27.The high-yield density of Suinong 52 (270,000~320,000 plants/hm²) is lower than that of Xindadou 27 (320,000~420,000 plants/hm²).

Key words: spring soybean; branching-type variety; density; formation of flower and pod; yield

中图分类号:

S565.1

张建勋, 任金涛, 吴海军, 王聪, 章建新. 密度对不同株型春大豆品种花荚形成和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 539-546.

ZHANG Jianxun, REN Jintao, WU Haijun, WANG Cong, ZHANG Jianxin. Effect of Densities on Flower and Pod Formation and Yield of Spring Soybean Varieties with Different Plant Types[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 539-546.

图/表 6

参考文献 20

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品种 Variety	处理 Treat- ments	单节花数 Flowers to per section	开花节数 Number of flow ering nodes	单株花数 (朵/株) Number of flowers per plant (flower/ plant)	总花数 flowers (10⁴ /hm²)
绥农52 Suinong 52	D₁主茎	2.85	16	45.60	1 840.87
	D₁分枝	1.03	8	8.21	331.44
	合计	2.24^d	24^c	53.81^f	2 172.31^a
	D₂主茎	3.04	16	48.64	1 527.30
	D₂分枝	1.28	15	19.20	602.88
	合计	2.19^de	31^b	67.84^c	2 130.18^a
	D₃主茎	3.26	15	48.90	1 288.03
	D₃分枝	1.22	27	32.94	867.64
	合计	1.95^ef	42^a	81.84^b	2 155.67^a
	D₄主茎	3.61	14	50.54	1 109.35
	D₄分枝	1.41	30	42.30	928.49
	合计	2.11^f	44^a	92.84^a	2 037.84^b
新大豆 27号 Xinda dou 27	D₁	3.14^c	16^d	50.24^g	2 113.60^a
	D₂	3.86^b	15^de	57.90^e	1 863.22^c
	D₃	4.33^a	14^e	60.62^d	1 651.29^d
	D₄	4.42^a	14^e	61.88^d	1 355.79^e

品种 Variety	处理 Treat- ments	单节花数 Flowers to per section	开花节数 Number of flow ering nodes	单株花数 (朵/株) Number of flowers per plant (flower/ plant)	总花数 flowers (10⁴ /hm²)
绥农52 Suinong 52	D₁主茎	2.85	16	45.60	1 840.87
	D₁分枝	1.03	8	8.21	331.44
	合计	2.24^d	24^c	53.81^f	2 172.31^a
	D₂主茎	3.04	16	48.64	1 527.30
	D₂分枝	1.28	15	19.20	602.88
	合计	2.19^de	31^b	67.84^c	2 130.18^a
	D₃主茎	3.26	15	48.90	1 288.03
	D₃分枝	1.22	27	32.94	867.64
	合计	1.95^ef	42^a	81.84^b	2 155.67^a
	D₄主茎	3.61	14	50.54	1 109.35
	D₄分枝	1.41	30	42.30	928.49
	合计	2.11^f	44^a	92.84^a	2 037.84^b
新大豆 27号 Xinda dou 27	D₁	3.14^c	16^d	50.24^g	2 113.60^a
	D₂	3.86^b	15^de	57.90^e	1 863.22^c
	D₃	4.33^a	14^e	60.62^d	1 651.29^d
	D₄	4.42^a	14^e	61.88^d	1 355.79^e

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单节荚数(个) Number of pods per unit	结荚节数(节) Number of pods (knots)	单荚腔数(个) Single pod cavity number	单株腔数(个) Single plant cavity number	总腔数 Total cavity number (10⁴/hm²)	腔花比 Cavity than flowers
绥农52 Suinong 52	D₁主茎	1.59	16	2.4	61.06	2 464.99	1.34
	D₁分枝	0.81	8	2.6	16.85	680.23	2.05
	合计	1.33^ef	24^c	2.44^c	77.91^d	3 145.22^ab	1.45^b
	D₂主茎	1.69	16	2.5	67.60	2 122.64	1.39
	D₂分枝	0.88	15	2.7	35.88	1 126.63	1.35
	合计	1.33^g	31^b	2.51^bc	103.24^c	3 249.27^a	1.38^bc
	D₃主茎	2.05	15	2.3	70.73	1 863.03	1.45
	D₃分枝	0.92	27	2.2	54.65	1 439.48	1.66
	合计	1.32^f	42^a	2.26^d	125.38^b	3 302.51^a	1.53^a
	D₄主茎	2.31	14	2.3	74.38	1 632.64	1.47
	D₄分枝	0.97	30	2.3	66.93	1 469.11	1.58
	合计	1.39^e	44^a	2.28^d	141.31^a	3 101.75^b	1.52^a
新大豆27号 Xindadou 27	D₁	1.54^d	16^d	2.4^c	59.14^d	2 487.85^c	1.18^d
	D₂	2.01^c	15^de	2.5^bc	75.38^c	2 425.57^c	1.30^c
	D₃	2.21^b	14^e	2.6^b	80.44^b	2 191.29^d	1.33^c
	D₄	2.33^a	14^e	2.8^a	91.34^a	2 001.17^e	1.48^ab

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	单节荚数(个) Number of pods per unit	结荚节数(节) Number of pods (knots)	单荚腔数(个) Single pod cavity number	单株腔数(个) Single plant cavity number	总腔数 Total cavity number (10⁴/hm²)	腔花比 Cavity than flowers
绥农52 Suinong 52	D₁主茎	1.59	16	2.4	61.06	2 464.99	1.34
	D₁分枝	0.81	8	2.6	16.85	680.23	2.05
	合计	1.33^ef	24^c	2.44^c	77.91^d	3 145.22^ab	1.45^b
	D₂主茎	1.69	16	2.5	67.60	2 122.64	1.39
	D₂分枝	0.88	15	2.7	35.88	1 126.63	1.35
	合计	1.33^g	31^b	2.51^bc	103.24^c	3 249.27^a	1.38^bc
	D₃主茎	2.05	15	2.3	70.73	1 863.03	1.45
	D₃分枝	0.92	27	2.2	54.65	1 439.48	1.66
	合计	1.32^f	42^a	2.26^d	125.38^b	3 302.51^a	1.53^a
	D₄主茎	2.31	14	2.3	74.38	1 632.64	1.47
	D₄分枝	0.97	30	2.3	66.93	1 469.11	1.58
	合计	1.39^e	44^a	2.28^d	141.31^a	3 101.75^b	1.52^a
新大豆27号 Xindadou 27	D₁	1.54^d	16^d	2.4^c	59.14^d	2 487.85^c	1.18^d
	D₂	2.01^c	15^de	2.5^bc	75.38^c	2 425.57^c	1.30^c
	D₃	2.21^b	14^e	2.6^b	80.44^b	2 191.29^d	1.33^c
	D₄	2.33^a	14^e	2.8^a	91.34^a	2 001.17^e	1.48^ab

品种 Variety	种植密度 Planting density (10⁴株 /hm²)	收获株数 Number of plants harvested (10⁴株 /hm²)	单株荚数 (个/株) Number of pods per plant	单株粒数 (粒/株) Number of grains per plant	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	主茎产量 Main stem yield (kg/hm²)	分枝产量 Branch yield (kg/hm²)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
绥农52 Suinong 52	22.0	21.95^d	61.44^a	88.21^b	28.19^a	3 169.84^d	2 382.32^a	5 552.15^c
	27.0	26.34^c	55.59^b	75.34^c	28.84^a	4 076.15^c	1 632.62^b	5 708.77^bc
	32.0	31.40^b	40.24^c	65.12^d	29.26^a	4 747.60^b	1 184.30^c	5 931.90^b
	42.0	40.37^a	31.92^d	49.53^f	28.16^a	4 950.81^a	672.99^d	5 623.80^c
新大豆27号 Xindadou 27	22.0	21.91^d	32.62^d	103.52^a	24.26^a	5 442.74^d	0	5 442.74^c
	27.0	26.83^c	30.94^d	87.23^b	24.37^a	5 706.87^c	0	5 706.87^bc
	32.0	31.64^b	30.15^d	73.23^c	25.71^a	6 000.01^b	0	6 000.01^b
	42.0	41.52^a	24.64^e	60.13^e	25.95^a	6 469.23^a	0	6 469.23^a