80 cm高度障碍马肢体角度与越障步态特征关联性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.032

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 2844-2851.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.032

• 马运动生理与健康养殖 • 上一篇下一篇

80 cm高度障碍马肢体角度与越障步态特征关联性分析

杨钰瑶¹(), 苏比努尔・卡哈¹, 窦荣乾¹, 殷文彬¹, 孟军¹^,²(), 曾亚琦¹^,², 王建文¹^,², 郭亚亚¹, 杨开锋¹, 姚新奎¹^,²

1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室/新疆农业大学马产业研究院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2022-01-11 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2022-12-28
通信作者: 孟军(1986-),男,江苏盐城人,副教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)junm86@qq.com
作者简介:杨钰瑶(1996-),女,四川巴中人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)1079826618@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2017A01002);新疆伊犁马产业集群项目(2021xjmlt-z-02);新疆维吾尔自治区大学生创新训练计划项目(S202110758016)

Correlation Analysis of Limb Angle and Jumping Gait Characteristics in 80 cm Height of Jumping Horses

YANG Yuyao¹(), Subinuer Kahaer¹, DOU Rongqian¹, YIN Wenbin¹, MENG Jun¹^,²(), ZENG Yaqi¹^,², WANG Jianwen¹^,², GUO Yaya¹, YANG Kaifeng¹, YAO Xinkui¹^,²

1. College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Equine Breeding and Exercise Physiology / Research Institute of Horse Industry, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China

Received:2022-01-11 Published:2022-11-20 Online:2022-12-28
Supported by:
Major science and technology projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2017A01002);Xinjiang Yili Horse Industry Cluster Project(2021xjmlt-z-02);College Students Innovative Training Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(S202110758016)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】测定障碍马80 cm高度越障性能,研究其静态肢体角度和4个阶段步态特征之间的相关性,筛选出与越障性能相关的肢体角度指标,为障碍马体型结构研究提供理论依据。【方法】使用高速摄像机拍摄20匹障碍马静态肢体角度和越障时步态特征。并借助Kinovea视频分析软件提取马匹静态肢体角度和四个时期步态特征数据,分析肢体角度和步态特征的关联性。【结果】在起跳阶段时,头俯仰角和后位后蹄支撑相关系数为0.495^＊,即呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与起跳位置呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。在悬空阶段时,后球关节和前位后蹄摆动相相关系数为0.564^＊＊,即呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。头俯仰角和跳跃距离呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。在着陆阶段时,后飞节和前肢双支撑相呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。后球关节和前肢双支撑相相关系数为0.568^＊,即呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在缓冲阶段,前球关节和步频呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。股骨倾角和后位前蹄摆动相呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。膝关节和腾空期步幅呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。头俯仰角和前位前蹄摆动相相关系数为0.570^＊＊,即呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】在80 cm越障过程中,障碍马头俯仰角变异系数为14.59％对起跳阶段,悬空阶段、缓冲阶段有显著影响。髋骨倾角变异系数为20.22％对起跳阶段和着陆阶段有显著影响。后球关节角变异系数为3.83％对悬空阶段和着陆阶段有显著影响。头俯仰角、髋骨倾角、后球关节角等关节角度可作为重要的障碍马体型结构指标,用于评估马匹的越障性能。

关键词: 障碍马; 肢体角度; 步态特征; 相关性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the correlation between static limb angle and four stages' gait characteristics by measuring the obstacle climbing performance of the obstacle horse at 80 cm height, and screen out the limb angle indexes related to obstacle climbing performance were in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the study of the body structure of the obstacle horse.【Methods】 The static limb angles and gait characteristics of 20 obstacle horses were recorded by high speed camera. Kinovea video analysis software was used to extract static limb angle and gait characteristic data of four stages, and after that, the correlation between limb angle and gait characteristic was analyzed.【Results】 At the take-off stage, the head pitch angle was significantly positively correlated with the rear hoof support phase (P< 0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with the take-off position (P< 0.05). In the hanging stage, there was a significant positive correlation between the posterior ball joint and the anterior posterior hoof swing phase (P< 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between head pitch angle and jump distance (P < 0.05). In the landing stage, there was a significant positive correlation between the hind hock and the forelimb double support phase (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the posterior ball joint and the bistrut phase of the forelimb (P< 0.01). In the buffering stage, there was a significant positive correlation between foreball joint and stride frequency (P< 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the angle of femur and the posterior anterior hoof swing phase (P< 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between knee joint and stride length in the flight period (P < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between head pitch angle and forefoot swing phase (P< 0.01).【Conclusion】 In the 80 cm obstacle jumping process, the pitch angle of obstacle horse's head has significant influence on the take-off stage, hanging stage and buffering stage. The hip angle has a significant effect on the take-off and landing stages. The angle of the rear ball joint has significant influence on the hover stage and the landing stage. Joint angles, such as head pitch angle, hip angle and posterior ball angle, can be used as important body structure indexes to evaluate the obstacle climbing performance of horses.

Key words: show jumping; limb angle; gait characteristics; correlation

中图分类号:

S821.9

杨钰瑶, 苏比努尔・卡哈, 窦荣乾, 殷文彬, 孟军, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 郭亚亚, 杨开锋, 姚新奎. 80 cm高度障碍马肢体角度与越障步态特征关联性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2844-2851.

YANG Yuyao, Subinuer Kahaer, DOU Rongqian, YIN Wenbin, MENG Jun, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, GUO Yaya, YANG Kaifeng, YAO Xinkui. Correlation Analysis of Limb Angle and Jumping Gait Characteristics in 80 cm Height of Jumping Horses[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2844-2851.

图/表 6

参考文献 22

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肢体角度 Limb angle	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard Deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation
头俯仰角 Hand pitching angle(°)	61.20	8.93	43.00	80.00	14.59
颈础角 Neck-ground Angle(°)	36.95	8.45	24.00	51.00	22.85
前球关节 Metacarpu-phalanx angle(°)	210.30	8.08	200.00	227.00	3.84
髋骨倾角 Coxae-ground angle(°)	31.95	6.46	23.00	44.00	20.22
股骨倾角 Femur-ground angle(°)	54.05	8.23	40.00	69.00	15.23
膝关节 Femur-tibia angle(°)	125.95	9.81	111.00	141.00	7.79
后飞节 Hock joint angle(°)	155.70	5.46	142.00	167.00	3.51
后球关节 Metatarsal-phalanx angle(°)	205.70	7.89	193.00	216.00	3.83

肢体角度 Limb angle	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard Deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation
头俯仰角 Hand pitching angle(°)	61.20	8.93	43.00	80.00	14.59
颈础角 Neck-ground Angle(°)	36.95	8.45	24.00	51.00	22.85
前球关节 Metacarpu-phalanx angle(°)	210.30	8.08	200.00	227.00	3.84
髋骨倾角 Coxae-ground angle(°)	31.95	6.46	23.00	44.00	20.22
股骨倾角 Femur-ground angle(°)	54.05	8.23	40.00	69.00	15.23
膝关节 Femur-tibia angle(°)	125.95	9.81	111.00	141.00	7.79
后飞节 Hock joint angle(°)	155.70	5.46	142.00	167.00	3.51
后球关节 Metatarsal-phalanx angle(°)	205.70	7.89	193.00	216.00	3.83

越障阶段 Obstacle crossing phase	步态 Gait	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard Deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation
起跳阶段 Take-off	后位后蹄支撑相ST TH(s)	0.25	0.04	0.21	0.36	14.58％
	前位后蹄支撑相ST LH(s)	0.23	0.03	0.19	0.33	13.73
	后肢双支撑相O TH-LH(s)	0.19	0.03	0.14	0.27	14.57
	后肢间隔期AP TH-LH(s)	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.11	40.70
	后肢步幅H SL(cm)	22.86	10.38	6.50	47.58	45.41
	起跳位置TO P(cm)	126.87	29.04	66.84	177.20	22.89
	起跳角度TO A(°)	26.77	3.99	22.67	38.00	14.90
悬空阶段 Suspension	后位后蹄摆动相SW TH(s)	0.54	0.04	0.48	0.65	7.95
	前位后蹄摆动相SW LH(s)	0.50	0.03	0.45	0.57	6.62
	悬空期SD(s)	0.35	0.03	0.30	0.39	8.21
	跳跃距离JD(cm)	304.85	36.29	234.36	368.61	11.90
着陆阶段 Land	后位前蹄支撑相ST TF(s)	0.20	0.01	0.17	0.22	5.99
	前位前蹄支撑相ST LF(s)	0.23	0.02	0.19	0.28	8.04
	前肢双支撑相O TF-LF(s)	0.14	0.02	0.11	0.18	13.48
	前肢间隔期AP LH-TF(s)	0.06	0.01	0.04	0.08	19.01
	前肢步幅F SL(cm)	56.47	11.11	24.12	71.45	19.67
	着陆位置LP(cm)	160.27	26.42	94.32	199.27	16.48
	着陆角度LA(°)	26.37	2.94	20.33	33.00	11.16
缓冲阶段 Buffer period	后位前蹄摆动相SW TF(s)	0.22	0.02	0.18	0.26	9.34
	前位前蹄摆动相SW LF(s)	0.25	0.02	0.22	0.32	9.26
	腾空期AD(s)	0.06	0.02	0.04	0.09	28.20
	腾空期步幅AD SL(cm)	26.22	9.39	9.45	40.03	35.83
	步频SF(步/s)	1.44	0.11	1.20	1.77	7.88

越障阶段 Obstacle crossing phase	步态 Gait	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard Deviation	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	变异系数 Coefficient of Variation
起跳阶段 Take-off	后位后蹄支撑相ST TH(s)	0.25	0.04	0.21	0.36	14.58％
	前位后蹄支撑相ST LH(s)	0.23	0.03	0.19	0.33	13.73
	后肢双支撑相O TH-LH(s)	0.19	0.03	0.14	0.27	14.57
	后肢间隔期AP TH-LH(s)	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.11	40.70
	后肢步幅H SL(cm)	22.86	10.38	6.50	47.58	45.41
	起跳位置TO P(cm)	126.87	29.04	66.84	177.20	22.89
	起跳角度TO A(°)	26.77	3.99	22.67	38.00	14.90
悬空阶段 Suspension	后位后蹄摆动相SW TH(s)	0.54	0.04	0.48	0.65	7.95
	前位后蹄摆动相SW LH(s)	0.50	0.03	0.45	0.57	6.62
	悬空期SD(s)	0.35	0.03	0.30	0.39	8.21
	跳跃距离JD(cm)	304.85	36.29	234.36	368.61	11.90
着陆阶段 Land	后位前蹄支撑相ST TF(s)	0.20	0.01	0.17	0.22	5.99
	前位前蹄支撑相ST LF(s)	0.23	0.02	0.19	0.28	8.04
	前肢双支撑相O TF-LF(s)	0.14	0.02	0.11	0.18	13.48
	前肢间隔期AP LH-TF(s)	0.06	0.01	0.04	0.08	19.01
	前肢步幅F SL(cm)	56.47	11.11	24.12	71.45	19.67
	着陆位置LP(cm)	160.27	26.42	94.32	199.27	16.48
	着陆角度LA(°)	26.37	2.94	20.33	33.00	11.16
缓冲阶段 Buffer period	后位前蹄摆动相SW TF(s)	0.22	0.02	0.18	0.26	9.34
	前位前蹄摆动相SW LF(s)	0.25	0.02	0.22	0.32	9.26
	腾空期AD(s)	0.06	0.02	0.04	0.09	28.20
	腾空期步幅AD SL(cm)	26.22	9.39	9.45	40.03	35.83
	步频SF(步/s)	1.44	0.11	1.20	1.77	7.88

80 cm	头俯仰角 Hand pitching angle(°)	颈础角 Neck- ground Angle(°)	前球关节 Metacarpu- phalanx angle(°)	髋骨倾角 Coxae- ground angle(°)	股骨倾角 Femur- ground angle(°)	膝关节 Femur- tibia angle(°)	后飞节 Hock joint angle(°)	后球关节 Metatarsal- phalanx angle(°)
后位后蹄支撑相 Stance trailing hindlimb(s)	0.495^＊	-0.254	-0.261	-0.494^＊	0.103	0.304	0.257	0.147
前位后蹄支撑相 Stance leading hindlimb(s)	0.343	-0.158	-0.065	-0.191	-0.023	0.111	0.245	0.214
后肢双支撑相 Overlap trailing hindlimb- leading hindlimb(s)	0.413	-0.036	-0.055	-0.190	-0.106	0.106	0.085	0.131
后肢间隔期 Advanced placement trailing hindlimb-leading(s)	0.269	-0.351	-0.346	-0.547^＊	0.276	0.345	0.270	0.058
后肢步幅 Hind stride length(cm)	0.106	-0.203	-0.440	-0.470^＊	0.236	0.195	0.217	-0.114
起跳位置 Take off point(cm)	-0.478^＊	0.056	0.434	0.348	-0.013	-0.064	-0.287	0.101
起跳角度 Take off angle(°)	0.279	-0.084	0.019	-0.244	-0.127	-0.016	0.179	0.188

80 cm高度障碍马肢体角度与越障步态特征关联性分析

Correlation Analysis of Limb Angle and Jumping Gait Characteristics in 80 cm Height of Jumping Horses

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80 cm	头俯仰角 Hand pitching angle(°)	颈础角 Neck- ground Angle(°)	前球关节 Metacarpu- phalanx angle(°)	髋骨倾角 Coxae- ground angle(°)	股骨倾角 Femur- ground angle(°)	膝关节 Femur- tibia angle(°)	后飞节 Hock joint angle(°)	后球关节 Metatarsal- phalanx angle(°)
后位后蹄摆动相 Swing trailing hindlimb(s)	0.206	-0.251	0.216	-0.138	-0.253	-0.247	0.164	-0.006
前位后蹄摆动相 Swing leading hindlimb(s)	-0.367	0.133	0.146	0.267	-0.035	-0.110	-0.129	0.564^＊＊
悬空期 Suspended duration(s)	0.294	-0.296	0.073	-0.131	0.135	0.279	-0.361	-0.352
跳跃距离 Jump distance(cm)	-0.512^＊	0.113	0.376	0.349	-0.153	-0.228	-0.044	0.370

80 cm	头俯仰角 Hand pitching angle(°)	颈础角 Neck- ground Angle(°)	前球关节 Metacarpu- phalanx angle(°)	髋骨倾角 Coxae- ground angle(°)	股骨倾角 Femur- ground angle(°)	膝关节 Femur- tibia angle(°)	后飞节 Hock joint angle(°)	后球关节 Metatarsal- phalanx angle(°)
后位前蹄支撑相 Swing trailing forelimb(s)	0.205	-0.119	-0.037	-0.488^＊	-0.087	0.265	0.099	0.167
前位前蹄支撑相 Swing leading forelimb(s)	0.403	-0.130	-0.096	-0.362	-0.034	0.157	0.276	0.319
前肢双支撑相 Overlap trailing forelimb- leading forelimb(s)	0.229	0.017	-0.072	-0.266	-0.177	-0.038	0.450^＊	0.568^＊＊
前肢间隔期 Advanced placement trailing forelimb-leading forelimb(s)	-0.115	-0.161	0.060	-0.067	0.203	0.307	-0.592^＊＊	-0.721^＊＊
前肢步幅 Fore stride length(cm)	-0.113	-0.270	0.202	0.131	0.350	0.332	-0.466^＊	-0.386
着陆位置 Land point(cm)	-0.141	0.021	-0.022	0.059	-0.207	-0.234	0.258	0.337
着陆角度 Land angle(°)	-0.318	-0.039	0.018	-0.249	-0.087	-0.144	0.430	0.433

80 cm	头俯仰角 Hand pitching angle(°)	颈础角 Neck- ground Angle(°)	前球关节 Metacarpu- phalanx angle(°)	髋骨倾角 Coxae- ground angle(°)	股骨倾角 Femur- ground angle(°)	膝关节 Femur- tibia angle(°)	后飞节 Hock joint angle(°)	后球关节 Metatarsal- phalanx angle(°)
后位前蹄摆动相 Swing trailing forelimb(s)	0.203	-0.263	0.136	0.087	0.480^＊	0.208	-0.184	-0.217
前位前蹄摆动相 Swing leading forelimb(s)	0.570^＊＊	-0.381	-0.118	-0.144	0.113	0.107	0.165	-0.156
腾空期 Aerial duration(s)	-0.279	-0.251	0.191	-0.265	0.323	0.337	-0.132	-0.044
腾空期步幅 Aerial duration stride length(cm)	-0.051	-0.532^＊	0.300	-0.109	0.376	0.513^＊	-0.203	-0.102
步频 Stride frequency(步/s)	-0.296	-0.082	0.524^＊	0.211	0.094	-0.077	0.037	0.213

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