水氮耦合对棉田土壤水分时空分布及产量效应的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 1051-1059.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.002

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

水氮耦合对棉田土壤水分时空分布及产量效应的影响

徐彦军¹(), 廉苇佳¹, 刘翔宇¹, 斯拉依丁·司马义¹, 唐秋菊², 艾尼瓦尔·阿不都拉¹()

1.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番 838000
2.阿拉山口海关,新疆阿拉山口 833418

收稿日期:2021-09-19 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通信作者: 艾尼瓦尔·阿不都拉(1980-),男,新疆吐鲁番人,助理研究员,研究方向为作物栽培,(E-mail) 1696351773@qq.com
作者简介:徐彦军(1996-),男,甘肃陇西人,助理农艺师,研究方向为作物栽培及育种,(E-mail) 3069549741@qq.com
基金资助:
农业技术试验示范与服务支持(品种试验)项目:国家农作物品种试验(田间试验)

Effects of Water - Nitrogen Coupling on Soil Water Distribution and Yield in Cotton Field

XU Yanjun¹(), LIAN Weijia¹, LIU Xiangyu¹, Slayidin Smayi¹, TANG Qiuju², Ernival Abdulah¹()

1. Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Turpan Xinjiang 838000,China
2. Alashankou Customs, Alashankou, Alar Xinjiang 833418, China

Received:2021-09-19 Published:2022-05-20 Online:2022-06-09
Correspondence author: Ainiwar Abdullah (1980 -), male, Uygur, from Turpan, Xinjiang, assistant researcher, undergraduate, research direction: crop cultivation, (E-mail) 1696351773@qq.com
Supported by:
Agricultural Technology Test Demonstration and Service Support ( Variety Test ) Project: National Crop Variety Test (field test)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究水氮耦合对棉田土壤水分时空分布及产量效应的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,以灌溉量为主区,设2 250.0 m³/hm²(低灌溉量,W₁)、3 450.0 m³/hm²(常规灌溉量,W₂)和4 650.0 m³/hm²(高灌溉量,W₃),3个灌溉量(W₁、W₂和W₃)。设0 kg/hm²(空白)、300.0 kg/hm²(常规施肥量)和600.0 kg/hm²(高施氮量),3个纯氮投入量(N₁、N₂和N₃),测定土壤水分、盐分含量,以及不同时期棉花植株干物质积累量及不同处理下最终产量,评估不同水氮施用处理下棉花植株生长发育及最终产量变化。【结果】在W₃N₂处理下土壤中的盐分和水分有着相对较好的吸收能力,相较于W₁N₁处理盐分消耗量高出64.2%,水分消耗量显著高92.4%;在W₃N₂水氮施用组合下,花期、铃期、吐絮期这3个时期不同处理下干物质积累量均有显著提高,相较于W₁N₁处理显著高39.0%。【结论】W₃N₃水氮施用组合下棉花植株单株铃数、单铃质量、籽棉产量等3项指标达到最高,比W₁N₁处理显著高30.0%。

关键词: 棉花; 水氮耦合; 土壤含水率; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 Research Effects of Water - Nitrogen Coupling on Soil Water Distribution and Yield in Cotton Field. 【Methods】 The split zone test design was adopted, with irrigation amount as the main area, with 2,250.0 m³/hm²( low irrigation),3,450.0 m³/hm²( traditional irrigation) and 4,650.0 m³/hm²( high irrigation), with three irrigation amounts (expressed as W₁,W₂ and W₃). kg/hm²(0 blank), 300.0 kg/hm² (traditional fertilizer application) and 600.0 kg/hm² (high nitrogen application), three pure nitrogen inputs (expressed in N₁, N₂ and N₃) were used to carry out field experiments in dry inland cotton areas of northwest China. The effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the growth and final yield of cotton plants were evaluated by measuring soil moisture, salt content, dry matter accumulation of cotton plants in different periods and final yield under different treatments. 【Results】 The results showed that the salt and water consumption in soil under W₃N₂ treatment was 64.2% higher and 92.4% higher than those in W₁N₁ treatment. Under the combination of W₃N₃ water and nitrogen application, the boll number, boll quality and seed cotton yield of cotton plants reached the highest, which was 30.0% higher than that of W₁N₁ treatment. 【Conclusion】 It is not that the higher the application of water and fertilizer, the better the growth trend and the higher the yield. On the contrary, the relatively low combination of water and fertilizer application provides more favorable conditions for the growth and development of cotton, which not only provides theoretical basis for field water and fertilizer management, but also effectively controls the amount of water and fertilizer application, which is of great significance in increasing production and income and environmental protection.

Key words: cotton; coupling effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels; soil moisture content; yield

中图分类号:

徐彦军, 廉苇佳, 刘翔宇, 斯拉依丁·司马义, 唐秋菊, 艾尼瓦尔·阿不都拉. 水氮耦合对棉田土壤水分时空分布及产量效应的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1051-1059.

XU Yanjun, LIAN Weijia, LIU Xiangyu, Slayidin Smayi, TANG Qiuju, Ernival Abdulah. Effects of Water - Nitrogen Coupling on Soil Water Distribution and Yield in Cotton Field[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1051-1059.

图/表 7

表1 水氮施用配比组合

Table 1 Combination Table of Water and Nitrogen Application Ratio

组合方式 Treatments	灌溉量 Nitrogen application (m³/hm²)	施氮量(纯氮) Nitrogen application (pure nitrogen) (kg/hm²)	基肥(纯氮) Base fertilizer (pure nitrogen) (kg/hm²)
W₁N₁	225.0	0	10.0
W₁N₂	225.0	3.0	10.0
W₁N₃	225.0	6.0	10.0
W₂N₁	345.0	0	10.0
W₂N₂	345.0	3.0	10.0
W₂N₃	345.0	6.0	10.0
W₃N₁	465.0	0	10.0
W₃N₂	465.0	3.0	10.0
W₃N₃	465.0	6.0	10.0

图1 土壤水分盐分测定示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of soil moisture and salt fraction determination

图2 不同时间段不同处理下土壤盐分I值均值比较

Fig.2 Comparison of mean values of soil salinity I under different treatments in different time periods

图3 不同时间段不同处理下土壤盐分Y值均值比较

Fig.3 Comparison of mean values of soil salinity Y under different treatments in different time periods

表2 不同处理棉花干物质积累的Logistic函数生长模型及相关参数

Table 2 Logistic function growth model and related parameters of cottons bioaccumulation under different treatments

灌溉量 Irrigation rate (m³/hm²)	施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg/hm²)	方程 Equation	R²	t₀	t₁	t₂	△t	V_m (g/ plant·d)	GT (g/plant)
灌溉量 Irrigation rate (m³/hm²)	施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg/hm²)	方程 Equation	R²	d				V_m (g/ plant·d)	GT (g/plant)
W₁	N₁	Y=62.3/[1+e⁽⁶^.^2-0^.⁰⁶⁶^t⁾]	0.991 1	93.9	74.1	113.7	39.6	1.0	41.0
	N₂	Y=114.4/[1+e⁽⁶^.^4-0^.⁰⁵⁸^t⁾]	0.997 0	109.0	86.5	131.6	45.1	1.7	75.3
	N₃	Y=63.0/[1+e⁽⁷^.^7-0^.⁰⁸⁸^t⁾]	0.991 8	87.8	72.8	102.8	30.0	1.4	41.5
W₂	N₁	Y=87.1/[1+e⁽⁵^.^9-0^.⁰⁵⁷^t⁾]	0.991 5	103.0	79.9	126.1	46.2	1.2	57.4
	N₂	Y=141.0/[1+e⁽⁷^.^1-0^.⁰⁶⁷^t⁾]	0.998 7	105.8	86.3	125.3	39.1	2.4	92.8
	N₃	Y=168.8/[1+e⁽⁶^.^4-0^.⁰⁵⁶^t⁾]	0.998 7	113.8	90.4	137.1	46.7	2.4	111.2
W₃	N₁	Y=138./[1+e⁽⁶^.^1-0^.⁰⁵⁶^t⁾]	0.996 8	109.8	86.1	133.5	47.4	1.9	91.2
	N₂	Y=168.5/[1+e⁽⁶^.^9-0^.⁰⁶¹^t⁾]	0.996 6	112.2	90.7	133.7	43.1	2.6	111.0
	N₃	Y=164.7/[1+e⁽⁶^.^0-0^.⁰⁵³^t⁾]	0.997 2	114.2	89.3	139.2	49.9	2.2	108.4

图4 各生育时期不同处理棉花干物质积累总量

Fig.4 Cotton bioaccumulation in different growth stages under different treatments

表3 不同处理下产量及产量构成因素变化

Table 3 yield and yield components under different treatments

灌溉量 Irrigation rate (m³/hm²)	施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg/hm²)	收获株数 Number of harvest	单株成铃 Boll number per plant	单铃质量 Single boll weight(g)	籽棉产量 Cotton seed yield (kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Cotton lint yield (kg/hm²)
W₁ W₂ W₃	N₁ N₂ N₃ N₁ N₂ N₃ N₁ N₂ N₃	146.0^a 137.0^b 139. $3 a b$ 135.7^b 142. $3 a b$ 136.0^b 135.0^b 141. $7 a b$ 140. $3 a b$	4.7^d 5.5^c 5.3^c 6.2^b 6.4^b 6.8^a 6.4^b 6.8^a 6.9^a	4.9^d 5.1^c 5.0^d 5.0^d 5.4^a 5.2^b 5.2^b 5. $3 a b$ 5. $3 a b$	4 032.3^f 4 749.8^e 4 476.1^e 5 067.2^d 5 905.9^c 5 929. $1 b c$ 5 505.5^d 6 094. $7 a b$ 6 171.0^a	44.4^a 45.7^a 45.6^a 46.5^a 46.7^a 44.8^a 42.1^b 46.8^a 44.7^a	1 791.9^d 2 168.4^c 2 042.7^c 2 357.7^b 2 754.8^a 2 656. $2 a b$ 2 317.1^b 2 854.0^a 2 757.2^a
两因素分析(F值)Two factor analysis (F value)
灌溉量Irrigation rate(W)		0.3^*	56.6^**	9.5^*	120.9^***	0.2^ns	72.0^***
施肥量Fertilizer rate (N)		0.1^*	8.6^*	3.7^ns	29.9^**	1.2^ns	29.7^**
灌溉量×施肥量 Irrigation quantity × Fertilization amount(W×N)		3.6^**	2.9^ns	19.2^***	5.5^**	1.2^ns	2.5^*

表3 不同处理下产量及产量构成因素变化

Table 3 yield and yield components under different treatments

灌溉量 Irrigation rate (m³/hm²)	施肥量 Fertilizer rate (kg/hm²)	收获株数 Number of harvest	单株成铃 Boll number per plant	单铃质量 Single boll weight(g)	籽棉产量 Cotton seed yield (kg/hm²)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	皮棉产量 Cotton lint yield (kg/hm²)
W₁ W₂ W₃	N₁ N₂ N₃ N₁ N₂ N₃ N₁ N₂ N₃	146.0^a 137.0^b 139. $3 a b$ 135.7^b 142. $3 a b$ 136.0^b 135.0^b 141. $7 a b$ 140. $3 a b$	4.7^d 5.5^c 5.3^c 6.2^b 6.4^b 6.8^a 6.4^b 6.8^a 6.9^a	4.9^d 5.1^c 5.0^d 5.0^d 5.4^a 5.2^b 5.2^b 5. $3 a b$ 5. $3 a b$	4 032.3^f 4 749.8^e 4 476.1^e 5 067.2^d 5 905.9^c 5 929. $1 b c$ 5 505.5^d 6 094. $7 a b$ 6 171.0^a	44.4^a 45.7^a 45.6^a 46.5^a 46.7^a 44.8^a 42.1^b 46.8^a 44.7^a	1 791.9^d 2 168.4^c 2 042.7^c 2 357.7^b 2 754.8^a 2 656. $2 a b$ 2 317.1^b 2 854.0^a 2 757.2^a
两因素分析(F值)Two factor analysis (F value)
灌溉量Irrigation rate(W)		0.3^*	56.6^**	9.5^*	120.9^***	0.2^ns	72.0^***
施肥量Fertilizer rate (N)		0.1^*	8.6^*	3.7^ns	29.9^**	1.2^ns	29.7^**
灌溉量×施肥量 Irrigation quantity × Fertilization amount(W×N)		3.6^**	2.9^ns	19.2^***	5.5^**	1.2^ns	2.5^*

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水氮耦合对棉田土壤水分时空分布及产量效应的影响

Effects of Water - Nitrogen Coupling on Soil Water Distribution and Yield in Cotton Field

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[1]	苗红萍, 王晓伟, 田聪华, 李志, 张玉新, 戴俊生. 塔里木河流域棉花生产与布局演变特征及驱动因素分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(S1): 217-226.
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