不同灌水量和密度对无膜棉光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 797-809.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.003

• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

不同灌水量和密度对无膜棉光合特性及产量的影响

李同蕊(), 高振, 王冀川(), 石元强, 刘强, 周相, 陈雪梅, 王振洋

塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300

收稿日期:2021-07-12 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-04-24
通信作者: 王冀川(1968-),男,河北廊坊人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高效栽培生理生态,(E-mail) wjcwzy@126.com
作者简介:李同蕊(1997-),女,宁夏银川人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物生理,(E-mail) 1335801071@qq.com
基金资助:
南京农业大学-塔里木大学联合基金“南疆机采无膜棉高效促控平衡栽培基础与技术”(NNLH201903);兵团师域发展创新支持计划“棉田地膜污染农艺治理关键技术研究与示范”(2017NYGG07);兵团第三师图木舒克市科技计划“棉田减肥减药关键技术研究与示范”(YJ2019CX05)

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts and Densities on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Membrane-Free Cotton

LI Tongrui(), GAO Zhen, WANG Jichuan(), SHI Yuanqiang, LIU Qiang, ZHOU Xiang, CHEN Xuemei, WANG Zhenyang

College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China

Received:2021-07-12 Published:2022-04-20 Online:2022-04-24
Supported by:
Nanjing Agricultural University & Tarim University Joint Fund Project "The Basis and Technology of High Efficiency, Promoting and Controlling Balanced Cultivation of Machine-Picked Non-Film Cotton in Southern Xinjiang"(NNLH201903);Division Area Development Innovation Support Program Project of XPCC " Key Technology Research and demonstration of Cotton Field Plastic Film Pollution Control"(2017NYGG07);Tumushuke Science and Technology Project of the Third Division "Research and Demonstration on Key Technology of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide in Cotton Field"(YJ2019CX05)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究灌水量和种植密度对滴灌无膜棉光合特性和产量的影响。【方法】以“中619”为供试材料,设置两因素裂区田间试验,其中灌水量为主区,分别为3 000 m³/hm²(W₁)、4 500 m³/ hm²(W₂)和 6 000 m³/ hm² (W₃);密度为副区,分别为29.24×10⁴株/hm²(M₁)、26.32×10⁴株/hm²(M₂)、23.92×10⁴株/hm²(M₃)和21.93×10⁴株/hm²(M₄),分析无膜棉群体叶面积指数(LAI)动态、光合指标变化及产量差异特征。【结果】盛花期是无膜棉LAI及光合功能最大期,随密度和灌水量增加,LAI增加, W₂M₃处理的LAI变化较平稳,后期LAI较高,W₃M₁处理LAI表现最高,但盛花期后下降速度快;适宜灌水及合理密度有利于叶片光合功能提高,其中盛花期W₂M₃、W₂M₄和W₃M₃处理的P_n、G_s和T_r较高,C_i较低,且日变化中的光合“午休”不明显,其最大值分别为29.1032.15 μmolCO₂/(m²·s)、0.911.07 mol/(m²·s)、12.7813.87 mmolH₂O/(m²·s)和112.1131.0 μmolCO₂/(m²·s),产量达6 890.717 496.79 kg/hm²的较高水平。W₃M₄处理的LAI及光合指标虽然较高,但后期下降过快,而W₁M₁各项指标均表现最低,灌水及密度过高或过低均不利于叶片光合功能的提高;灌水量与密度对叶片生长及光合指标的影响具有互作效应,且密度效应高于水分效应。【结论】较适宜的灌水量及种植密度范围为4 500 6 000 m³/hm²和21.93×10⁴ 23.62×10⁴株/hm²,当灌水量5 034.73 m³/hm²、种植密度24.63×10⁴株/hm²时的产量最高为7 508.82 kg/hm²。

关键词: 灌水量; 密度; 无膜棉; 光合特性; 产量构成

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of irrigation amount and planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of drip irrigation membrane-free cotton.【Method】 Field tests designed by the two-factor split zone were carried out with "medium 619" as the test material, the main area was irrigation amount, which was 3,000 m³/hm² (W₁), 4,500 m³/hm² (W₂) and 6,000 m³/hm² (W₃), respectively; the sub-area was density, which was 29.24×10⁴/hm²(M₁), 26.32×10⁴/hm² (M₂), 23.92×10⁴/hm² (M₃) and 21.93×10⁴/hm² (M₄), respectively, to study the dynamics of membrane-free cotton population leaf area index (LAI), photolysis indicators and yield differences.【Results】 Full-blooming stage was the maximum period of filmless cotton LAI and photolysis function, and the LAI increased with density and irrigation amount.The LAI change of W₂M₃treatment was more stable and higher in the later stage.The LAI of W₃M₁ treatment was the highest, but it decreased rapidly after the full flowering stage.Suitable irrigation and reasonable density were beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic function of leaves.The treatments W₂M₃, W₂M₄ and W₃M₃ had higher P_n, G_s and T_r and lower C_i at full flowering stage, and the diurnal photosynthetic "midday depression" was not obvious, and its maximum values were 29.10-32.15 μmolCO₂/(m ²·s), 0.91-1.07 mol/(m²·s), 12.78-13.87 mmolH₂O /(m²·s) and 112.1-131.0 μmolCO₂/mol, respectively, and the yield reached a high level of 6,890.71-7,496.79 kg/hm².Although the LAI and photosynthetic index of W₃M₄ treatment were higher, they decreased too fast in the later stage, while the W₁M₁ showed the lowest, indicating that too high or too low irrigation and density were not conducive to the improvement of photosynthetic function of leaves.The effects of irrigation amount and density on leaf growth and photosynthetic index had interaction effect, and the effect of density was higher than that of water.【Conclusion】 Through analysis, the suitable irrigation amount and planting density in this region are 4,500-6,000 m³/hm² and 21.93×10⁴-23.62×10⁴/hm².The highest yield is 7,508.82 kg/hm² when the irrigation amount is 5,034.73 m³/hm² and the planting density is 24.63 × 10 ⁴ /hm².

Key words: irrigation amount; density; membrane-free cotton; photosynthetic characteristics; yield compositions

中图分类号:

S562

李同蕊, 高振, 王冀川, 石元强, 刘强, 周相, 陈雪梅, 王振洋. 不同灌水量和密度对无膜棉光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 797-809.

LI Tongrui, GAO Zhen, WANG Jichuan, SHI Yuanqiang, LIU Qiang, ZHOU Xiang, CHEN Xuemei, WANG Zhenyang. Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts and Densities on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Membrane-Free Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 797-809.

图/表 10

图1 不同灌水量与密度处理下无膜棉群体LAI动态注:①横坐标刻度图标的PBS、FBS、IFS、PFS、BS和BOS分别表示初蕾期、盛蕾期、初花期、盛花期、铃期和吐絮期;②同列不同小写字母表示同一灌溉水平下不同密度处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同

Fig.1 LAI dynamics of membrane-free cotton population under different irrigation amount and density Note:①PBS, FBS, IFS, PFS, BS and BOS of abscissa scale icon indicate the primary bud stage, full bud stage, initial flowering stage, peak flowering stage, boll stage and boll opening stage, respectively; ②Different small in the same column meant significant difference in different density treatments at the same irrigation level (P<0.05).The same as below

图2 不同灌水量与密度处理下无膜棉盛花期单叶Pn日变化

Fig.2 Pn-day changes of membrane-free cotton leaf at full flowering stage under different irrigation amount and density

图3 不同灌水量与密度处理下无膜棉盛花期单叶Gs日变化

Fig.3 Gs-day changes of membrane-free cotton leaf at full flowering stage under different irrigation amount and density

图4 不同灌水量与密度处理下无膜棉盛花期单叶Tr日变化

Fig.4 Tr-day changes of membrane-free cotton leaf at full flowering stage under different irrigation amount and density

图5 不同灌水量与密度处理下无膜棉盛花期单叶Ci日变化

Fig.5 Ci-day changes of membrane-free cotton leaf at full flowering stage under different irrigation amount and density

表1 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉Pn变化

Table 1 Effects of different irrigation volume and density on the P n of membrane-free cotton [μmolCO2/(m2·s)]

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	9.50^b	12.31^c	21.41^b	20.49^c	8.50^c
	M₂	10.61^a	13.37^c	24.01^ab	21.00^c	10.22^b
	M₃	10.85^a	16.61^a	26.76^a	25.97^a	11.84^a
	M₄	10.39^ab	15.20^b	24.2 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	23.82^b	11.30a^b
	均值	10.34	14.37	24.11	22.82	10.47
W₂	M₁	11.64^c	15.05^c	24.91^c	24.09^c	7.08^d
	M₂	12.13^c	16.6 ${7^{b}}^{c}$	27.3 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	27.49^b	9.05^c
	M₃	15.55^a	20.80^a	32.15^a	30.44^a	15.83^a
	M₄	13.82^b	17.86^b	29.1 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	27.68^b	13.99^b
	均值	13.29	17.6	28.36	27.42	11.49
W₃	M₁	9.84^c	12.43^c	22.77^c	20.97^b	8.93^b
	M₂	10.7 ${8^{b}}^{c}$	14.0 ${3^{b}}^{c}$	25.19^b	24.2 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	8.54^b
	M₃	12.22^a	18.28^a	29.73^a	28.63^a	10.77^a
	M₄	11.7 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	15.9 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	26.04^b	25.5 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	6.85^c
	均值	11.14	15.18	25.98	24.84	8.77
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	69.46^**	19.76^**	203.75^**	15.47^**	68.12^**
	M	13.43^*	145.11^**	403.46^**	19.89^**	15.89^*
	W×M	14.92^**	18.34^**	16.04^**	10.62^**	32.33^**

表1 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉Pn变化

Table 1 Effects of different irrigation volume and density on the P n of membrane-free cotton [μmolCO2/(m2·s)]

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	9.50^b	12.31^c	21.41^b	20.49^c	8.50^c
	M₂	10.61^a	13.37^c	24.01^ab	21.00^c	10.22^b
	M₃	10.85^a	16.61^a	26.76^a	25.97^a	11.84^a
	M₄	10.39^ab	15.20^b	24.2 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	23.82^b	11.30a^b
	均值	10.34	14.37	24.11	22.82	10.47
W₂	M₁	11.64^c	15.05^c	24.91^c	24.09^c	7.08^d
	M₂	12.13^c	16.6 ${7^{b}}^{c}$	27.3 ${0^{b}}^{c}$	27.49^b	9.05^c
	M₃	15.55^a	20.80^a	32.15^a	30.44^a	15.83^a
	M₄	13.82^b	17.86^b	29.1 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	27.68^b	13.99^b
	均值	13.29	17.6	28.36	27.42	11.49
W₃	M₁	9.84^c	12.43^c	22.77^c	20.97^b	8.93^b
	M₂	10.7 ${8^{b}}^{c}$	14.0 ${3^{b}}^{c}$	25.19^b	24.2 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	8.54^b
	M₃	12.22^a	18.28^a	29.73^a	28.63^a	10.77^a
	M₄	11.7 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	15.9 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	26.04^b	25.5 ${4^{a}}^{b}$	6.85^c
	均值	11.14	15.18	25.98	24.84	8.77
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	69.46^**	19.76^**	203.75^**	15.47^**	68.12^**
	M	13.43^*	145.11^**	403.46^**	19.89^**	15.89^*
	W×M	14.92^**	18.34^**	16.04^**	10.62^**	32.33^**

表2 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉Gs 变化

Table 2 Effects of different irrigation volume and density on the Gs of membrane-free cotton [mol/(m2·s)]

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	0.27^c	0.32^c	0.49^b	0.32^c	0.1 ${0^{b}}^{c}$
	M₂	0.32^b	0.37^c	0.53^b	0.45^b	0.1 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	M₃	0.41^a	0.59^a	0.74^a	0.59^a	0.15^a
	M₄	0.38^a	0.50^b	0.70^a	0.5 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	0.08^c
	均值	0.34	0.44	0.61	0.47	0.11
W₂	M₁	0.34^c	0.41^d	0.66^c	0.49^b	0.08^c
	M₂	0.3 ${7^{b}}^{c}$	0.51^c	0.74^c	0.5 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	0.11^b
	M₃	0.46^a	0.68^a	1.07^a	0.71^a	0.11^b
	M₄	0.4 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	0.56^b	0.93^b	0.68^a	0.15^a
	均值	0.4	0.54	0.85	0.62	0.11
W₃	M₁	0.28^b	0.41^c	0.54^c	0.43^d	0.13^b
	M₂	0.3 ${2^{b}}^{c}$	0.46^c	0.70^b	0.53^c	0.07^c
	M₃	0.43^a	0.65^a	0.91^a	0.67^a	0.18^a
	M₄	0.4 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	0.51^b	0.87^a	0.58^b	0.11^b
	均值	0.36	0.51	0.75	0.55	0.12
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	15.49^**	102.0^**	105.07^**	31.02^**	39.05^**
	M	10.78^*	15.26^*	286.54^**	15.77^*	3.80^ns
	W×M	9.19^**	42.23^**	73.28^*	13.46^**	17.84^**

表2 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉Gs 变化

Table 2 Effects of different irrigation volume and density on the Gs of membrane-free cotton [mol/(m2·s)]

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	0.27^c	0.32^c	0.49^b	0.32^c	0.1 ${0^{b}}^{c}$
	M₂	0.32^b	0.37^c	0.53^b	0.45^b	0.1 ${2^{a}}^{b}$
	M₃	0.41^a	0.59^a	0.74^a	0.59^a	0.15^a
	M₄	0.38^a	0.50^b	0.70^a	0.5 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	0.08^c
	均值	0.34	0.44	0.61	0.47	0.11
W₂	M₁	0.34^c	0.41^d	0.66^c	0.49^b	0.08^c
	M₂	0.3 ${7^{b}}^{c}$	0.51^c	0.74^c	0.5 ${9^{a}}^{b}$	0.11^b
	M₃	0.46^a	0.68^a	1.07^a	0.71^a	0.11^b
	M₄	0.4 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	0.56^b	0.93^b	0.68^a	0.15^a
	均值	0.4	0.54	0.85	0.62	0.11
W₃	M₁	0.28^b	0.41^c	0.54^c	0.43^d	0.13^b
	M₂	0.3 ${2^{b}}^{c}$	0.46^c	0.70^b	0.53^c	0.07^c
	M₃	0.43^a	0.65^a	0.91^a	0.67^a	0.18^a
	M₄	0.4 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	0.51^b	0.87^a	0.58^b	0.11^b
	均值	0.36	0.51	0.75	0.55	0.12
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	15.49^**	102.0^**	105.07^**	31.02^**	39.05^**
	M	10.78^*	15.26^*	286.54^**	15.77^*	3.80^ns
	W×M	9.19^**	42.23^**	73.28^*	13.46^**	17.84^**

表3 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉 Tr 变化

Table 3 Effects of different irrigation volume and density on the Tr of membrane-free cotton [mmol H 2 O/(m2·s)]

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	4.05^d	7.13^d	8.23^d	4.24^c	1.08^d
	M₂	5.62^c	8.01^c	9.62^c	5.90^b	2.75^c
	M₃	8.11^a	9.26^a	11.31^b	6.76^a	3.38^a
	M₄	6.31^b	8.30^b	10.35^a	6.11^b	2.04^b
	均值	6.02	8.18	9.88	5.75	2.31
W₂	M₁	6.43^b	8.16^b	9.70^c	6.26^b	2.67^d
	M₂	7.83^a	8.5 ${7^{b}}^{c}$	12.54^b	6.43^b	3.35^c
	M₃	7.58^a	10.64^a	13.87^a	8.38^a	4.52^a
	M₄	6.70^b	8.95^c	13.40^a	6.53^b	3.95^b
	均值	7.14	9.08	12.38	6.9	3.62
W₃	M₁	5.80^d	6.78^c	9.04^a	6.31^b	1.66^d
	M₂	6.24^c	8.23^b	11.27^b	5.84^b	2.45^c
	M₃	8.36^a	10.47^a	12.78^a	7.23^a	3.62^a
	M₄	7.75^b	8.51^b	11.00^b	6.20^b	2.74^b
	均值	7.04	8.5	11.02	6.4	2.62
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	5.07^*	27.80^**	32.66^**	6.11^*	22.86^**
	M	2.27^ns	5.89^*	28.81^**	4.31^Ns	20.66^**
	W×M	134.73^**	34.50^**	134.65^**	43.02^**	201.73^**

表3 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉 Tr 变化

Table 3 Effects of different irrigation volume and density on the Tr of membrane-free cotton [mmol H 2 O/(m2·s)]

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	4.05^d	7.13^d	8.23^d	4.24^c	1.08^d
	M₂	5.62^c	8.01^c	9.62^c	5.90^b	2.75^c
	M₃	8.11^a	9.26^a	11.31^b	6.76^a	3.38^a
	M₄	6.31^b	8.30^b	10.35^a	6.11^b	2.04^b
	均值	6.02	8.18	9.88	5.75	2.31
W₂	M₁	6.43^b	8.16^b	9.70^c	6.26^b	2.67^d
	M₂	7.83^a	8.5 ${7^{b}}^{c}$	12.54^b	6.43^b	3.35^c
	M₃	7.58^a	10.64^a	13.87^a	8.38^a	4.52^a
	M₄	6.70^b	8.95^c	13.40^a	6.53^b	3.95^b
	均值	7.14	9.08	12.38	6.9	3.62
W₃	M₁	5.80^d	6.78^c	9.04^a	6.31^b	1.66^d
	M₂	6.24^c	8.23^b	11.27^b	5.84^b	2.45^c
	M₃	8.36^a	10.47^a	12.78^a	7.23^a	3.62^a
	M₄	7.75^b	8.51^b	11.00^b	6.20^b	2.74^b
	均值	7.04	8.5	11.02	6.4	2.62
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	5.07^*	27.80^**	32.66^**	6.11^*	22.86^**
	M	2.27^ns	5.89^*	28.81^**	4.31^Ns	20.66^**
	W×M	134.73^**	34.50^**	134.65^**	43.02^**	201.73^**

表4 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉Ci变化

Table 4 Effects of different irrigation water and density on the Ci of membrane-free cotton cells (μmolCO2/mol)

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	333.29^a	243.26^a	207.32^a	211.07^a	274.72^a
	M₂	321.23^a	232.63^b	168.73^b	196.17^b	257.47^b
	M₃	303.30^b	189.76^c	154.8 ${2^{b}}^{c}$	179.67^c	248.84^b
	M₄	297.34^b	172.08^d	141.39^c	165.20^d	210.56^c
	均值	313.79	209.43	168.06	188.03	247.90
W₂	M₁	343.67^a	232.85^a	191.31^a	194.40^a	248.86^a
	M₂	332.17^a	212.09^b	134.90^b	181.23^b	225.90^a
	M₃	311.41^b	164.42^c	123.05^b	179.30^b	214.77^a
	M₄	290.05^c	160.54^d	117.97^b	154.87^c	199.03^a
	均值	319.33	192.48	141.81	177.45	222.14
W₃	M₁	340.08^a	239.00^a	167.14^a	190.60^a	265.56^a
	M₂	338.60^a	223.33^a	154.1 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	177.73^b	240.4 ${8^{a}}^{b}$
	M₃	327.22^a	168.30^b	137.8 ${7^{a}}^{b}$	162.87^c	222.93^b
	M₄	292.19^b	153.86^b	126.41^b	159.73^c	204.76^b
	均值	324.52	196.12	146.39	172.73	233.43
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	27.63^**	121.46^**	21.68^**	54.09^**	1.10^ns
	M	17.29^*	4.07^ns	17.04^*	29.58^**	0.63^ns
	W×M	10.93^**	27.05^**	13.06^**	26.51^**	0.55^ns

表4 不同灌水量与密度下无膜棉Ci变化

Table 4 Effects of different irrigation water and density on the Ci of membrane-free cotton cells (μmolCO2/mol)

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density	初蕾期 Primary bud stage	盛蕾期 Full bud stage	盛花期 Peak flowering stage	铃期 Bolling stage	吐絮期 Boll opening stage
W₁	M₁	333.29^a	243.26^a	207.32^a	211.07^a	274.72^a
	M₂	321.23^a	232.63^b	168.73^b	196.17^b	257.47^b
	M₃	303.30^b	189.76^c	154.8 ${2^{b}}^{c}$	179.67^c	248.84^b
	M₄	297.34^b	172.08^d	141.39^c	165.20^d	210.56^c
	均值	313.79	209.43	168.06	188.03	247.90
W₂	M₁	343.67^a	232.85^a	191.31^a	194.40^a	248.86^a
	M₂	332.17^a	212.09^b	134.90^b	181.23^b	225.90^a
	M₃	311.41^b	164.42^c	123.05^b	179.30^b	214.77^a
	M₄	290.05^c	160.54^d	117.97^b	154.87^c	199.03^a
	均值	319.33	192.48	141.81	177.45	222.14
W₃	M₁	340.08^a	239.00^a	167.14^a	190.60^a	265.56^a
	M₂	338.60^a	223.33^a	154.1 ${1^{a}}^{b}$	177.73^b	240.4 ${8^{a}}^{b}$
	M₃	327.22^a	168.30^b	137.8 ${7^{a}}^{b}$	162.87^c	222.93^b
	M₄	292.19^b	153.86^b	126.41^b	159.73^c	204.76^b
	均值	324.52	196.12	146.39	172.73	233.43
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	27.63^**	121.46^**	21.68^**	54.09^**	1.10^ns
	M	17.29^*	4.07^ns	17.04^*	29.58^**	0.63^ns
	W×M	10.93^**	27.05^**	13.06^**	26.51^**	0.55^ns

表5 灌水量、密度下产量及其构成因素变化

Table 5 Effects of water volume and density on yield and its composition

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density
W₁	M₁	4.01^c	2.91^c	23.38^a	2 731.35^d
	M₂	4.29^b	3.94^b	21.04^b	3 549.18^c
	M₃	5.05^a	4.26^a	19.36^c	4 164.55^a
	M₄	5.12^a	4.38^a	16.87^d	3 779.82^b
	均值	4.62	3.87	20.16	3 556.23
W₂	M₁	4.46^b	6.13^c	23.28^a	6 356.19^c
	M₂	4.8 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	6.90^b	20.65^b	6 836.84^b
	M₃	5.09^a	7.59^a	19.41^b	7 496.79^a
	M₄	5.26^a	7.88^a	16.68^c	6 913.66^b
	均值	4.90	7.13	20.01	6 900.87
W₃	M₁	4.18^b	6.13^c	23.16^a	5 932.68^c
	M₂	4.5 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	6.76^b	21.10^b	6 541.62^b
	M₃	4.99^a	7.10^a	19.44^b	6 890.71^a
	M₄	4.83^b	7.29^a	17.54^c	6 178.65^c
	均值	4.65	6.82	20.31	6 385.92
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	2.76^ns	362.11^**	1.84^ns	1 053.15^**
	M	48.85^**	68.07^**	15.76^**	52.17^**
	W×M	11.51^**	175.62^**	27.38^**	390.14^**

表5 灌水量、密度下产量及其构成因素变化

Table 5 Effects of water volume and density on yield and its composition

灌水量 Irrigation amount	密度 Density
W₁	M₁	4.01^c	2.91^c	23.38^a	2 731.35^d
	M₂	4.29^b	3.94^b	21.04^b	3 549.18^c
	M₃	5.05^a	4.26^a	19.36^c	4 164.55^a
	M₄	5.12^a	4.38^a	16.87^d	3 779.82^b
	均值	4.62	3.87	20.16	3 556.23
W₂	M₁	4.46^b	6.13^c	23.28^a	6 356.19^c
	M₂	4.8 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	6.90^b	20.65^b	6 836.84^b
	M₃	5.09^a	7.59^a	19.41^b	7 496.79^a
	M₄	5.26^a	7.88^a	16.68^c	6 913.66^b
	均值	4.90	7.13	20.01	6 900.87
W₃	M₁	4.18^b	6.13^c	23.16^a	5 932.68^c
	M₂	4.5 ${8^{a}}^{b}$	6.76^b	21.10^b	6 541.62^b
	M₃	4.99^a	7.10^a	19.44^b	6 890.71^a
	M₄	4.83^b	7.29^a	17.54^c	6 178.65^c
	均值	4.65	6.82	20.31	6 385.92
ANOVA检验F值 F value of ANOVA
F	W	2.76^ns	362.11^**	1.84^ns	1 053.15^**
	M	48.85^**	68.07^**	15.76^**	52.17^**
	W×M	11.51^**	175.62^**	27.38^**	390.14^**

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不同灌水量和密度对无膜棉光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts and Densities on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Membrane-Free Cotton

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