The effect of vermiculite compound matrix on pepper seedling cultivation

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.018

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (5): 1190-1199.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.05.018

• Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Plant Protection • Previous Articles Next Articles

The effect of vermiculite compound matrix on pepper seedling cultivation

LIU Yanchen¹^,²(), LIU Zhigang³, BAI Xinhui¹, QIAO Peng¹, XU Cheng¹, BAI Huiming¹, ZHANG Juan¹^,²()

1. College of Plant Science, Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology on Characteristic Fruit Trees in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China
3. Turpan Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Turpan Xinjiang 838000,China

Received:2022-10-08 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-22
Correspondence author: ZHANG Juan (1977- ), female, native place: Taigu, Shanxi. Master's degree advisor, research field: Facility Cultivation (E-mail)50237606@qq.com
Supported by:
Corps science and technology research projects of China "Research and Development and Application Demonstration of Soilless Cultivation Substrate on Non-Agricultural Land in South Xinjiang"(2018BB046)

蛭石复混基质对辣椒育苗的影响

刘衍晨¹^,²(), 刘志刚³, 白新慧¹, 乔鹏¹, 徐诚¹, 白慧敏¹, 张娟¹^,²()

1.塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.塔里木大学南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔 843300
3.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番 838000

通讯作者: 张娟(1977-),女,山西太谷人,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为设施栽培,(E-mail)50237606@qq.com
作者简介:刘衍晨(1997-),男,新疆哈密人,硕士研究生,研究方向为设施栽培,(E-mail)1847194299@qq.com
基金资助:
兵团科技攻关项目“南疆非农地无土栽培基质研发与应用示范”(2018BB046)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To select vermiculite from southern Xinjiang compounded with mushroom slag and furnace slag, and to screen the substrate formulation suitable for seedling of pepper in South Xinjiang greenhouse.【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Tarim University Horticultural Experiment Station from May to July 2021.The experiment was conducted in a randomized group design with pure vermiculite as the control, and seven treatment groups were set up to determine the physicochemical properties of different substrate formulations and the growth and physiological indexes of pepper such as plant height, stem thickness, root area and soluble sugar content.【Results】 CK (pure vermiculite) could provide a good root growth environment for pepper, and the physicochemical properties of all treatment combinations met the standards of pepper seedling substrate except for T₂ (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 1∶0∶1) and T₄ (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 1∶1∶1) treatments.The maximum height of T2 plant was 8.5 cm, the thickest stem thickness of CK was 1.59 cm, the maximum leaf area of T₇ (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 4∶1∶1) was 4.41 cm², the maximum seedling emergence rate of CK was 90%, and the best root growth was 93.25 mm for the main root length, 511.29 mm² for the root area, 21.33 root tips, and 49.8 mm for the average root length, respectively.49.8 mm, and the physiological indexes of T₁ (vermiculite∶ slag∶ mushroom slag volume ratio of 1∶1∶0) were relatively optimal as 0.62 mg/cm² for Chl a, 0.82 mg/cm² for Chl a+b, 0.53 mg/cm² for Caros, 0.66 mS/cm for soluble sugar, 0.78 mS/cm for soluble protein.The highest Chl b and Anths content of CK was 0.25 mg/cm² and 0.04 mg/cm² respectively.【Conclusion】 After the comprehensive evaluation,the conclusion is obtained, that is, the synergistic properties of mushroom residue and vermiculite are poor and unsuitable for mixed use in the cultivation of pepper seedlings; the synergistic properties of vermiculite and slag are better, and the analysis of principal components and comprehensive evaluation shows that under the greenhouse conditions in southern Xinjiang, CK (pure vermiculite)is suitable for cultivation of pepper seedlings.

Key words: vermiculite; pepper; physical and chemical properties; growth index; physiological index

摘要：

【目的】选用新疆南疆产蛭石复配菇渣、炉渣,筛选出适合南疆温室辣椒育苗的基质配方。【方法】于2021年5~7月在塔里木大学园艺试验站连栋温室内进行辣椒育苗试验,采用随机区组设计,以纯蛭石作为对照,设置7个处理组,测定不同基质配方的理化性质及辣椒的株高、茎粗、根面积、可溶性糖含量等生长与生理指标。【结果】CK(纯蛭石)可以为辣椒提供良好的根系生长环境,除T₂(蛭石:炉渣:菇渣的体积比为1∶0∶1)、T₄(蛭石∶炉渣∶菇渣的体积比为1∶1∶1)处理,其余处理组合的理化性质都符合辣椒育苗基质标准。八叶一心时T₂株高最高为8.5 cm、CK茎粗最粗为1.59 cm、T₇(蛭石∶炉渣∶菇渣的体积比为4∶1∶1)叶面积最大为4.41 cm²,CK出苗率最高为90%、根系生长也最好分别为主根长度93.25 mm、根面积511.29 mm²、根尖数21.33个、根平均长度49.8 mm,生理指标中T₁(蛭石∶炉渣∶菇渣的体积比为1∶1∶0)均相对最优分别为,Chla为0.62 mg/cm²、Chla+b为0.82 mg/cm²、Caros为0.57 mg/cm²、可溶性糖含量为0.66 mS/cm、可溶性蛋白含量为0.78 mS/cm,CK的Chlb、Anths含量最高分别为0.25、0.04 mg/cm²。【结论】菇渣与蛭石的协同性较差不适宜混用培育辣椒幼苗;蛭石与炉渣的协同性较好,在新疆南疆温室条件下,CK(纯蛭石)适合培育辣椒幼苗。

关键词: 蛭石, 辣椒, 理化性质, 生长指标, 生理指标

CLC Number:

S641.3

LIU Yanchen, LIU Zhigang, BAI Xinhui, QIAO Peng, XU Cheng, BAI Huiming, ZHANG Juan. The effect of vermiculite compound matrix on pepper seedling cultivation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(5): 1190-1199.

刘衍晨, 刘志刚, 白新慧, 乔鹏, 徐诚, 白慧敏, 张娟. 蛭石复混基质对辣椒育苗的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(5): 1190-1199.

Figures/Tables 12

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处理 Treatments	基质体积比Matrix volume ratio
处理 Treatments	蛭石 Vermiculite	炉渣 Slag	菇渣 Mushroom residue
CK	1	0	0
T₁	1	1	0
T₂	1	0	1
T₃	2	1	0
T₄	1	1	1
T₅	2	1	1
T₆	3	1	0
T₇	4	1	1

处理 Treatments	基质体积比Matrix volume ratio
处理 Treatments	蛭石 Vermiculite	炉渣 Slag	菇渣 Mushroom residue
CK	1	0	0
T₁	1	1	0
T₂	1	0	1
T₃	2	1	0
T₄	1	1	1
T₅	2	1	1
T₆	3	1	0
T₇	4	1	1

处理 Treatments	容重 Bulk density (g/cm³)	总孔隙 Total porosity (%)	通气孔隙 Vent pores (%)	持水孔隙 Water holding pores(%)	气水比 Air-water ratio	pH	EC (mS/cm)
CK	0.21±0.01^f	94.15±0.05^a	26.74±0.10^a	67.39±0.09^a	0.40±0.00^a	8.47±0.01^a	0.35±0.01^h
T₁	0.65±0.00^a	69.34±0.08^f	16.67±0.21^e	52.57±0.36^e	0.32±0.00^c	7.31±0.01^e	0.58±0.01^e
T₂	0.45±0.01^b	58.61±0.39^g	6.00±0.66^g	52.61±0.36^e	0.11±0.01^e	7.13±0.06^ef	2.45±0.03^a
T₃	0.43±0.00^c	81.53±0.26^c	21.72±0.06^c	59.78±0.29^c	0.36±0.00^b	7.89±0.01^c	0.47±0.01^f
T₄	0.45±0.00^b	47.33±0.14^h	3.66±0.58^h	43.67±0.49^f	0.08±0.01^f	7.00±0.17^f	1.76±0.01^b
T₅	0.42±0.01^d	72.88±0.13^e	15.57±0.23^f	57.28±0.08^d	0.27±0.00^d	7.50±0.01^d	1.47±0.01^c
T₆	0.36±0.01^e	86.43±0.08^b	23.62±0.15^b	62.41±0.05^b	0.38±0.00^ab	8.17±0.01^b	0.43±0.01^g
T₇	0.41±0.01^d	78.34±0.03^d	18.48±0.36^d	59.61±0.29^c	0.31±0.01^c	7.57±0.01^d	1.31±0.01^d

处理 Treatments	容重 Bulk density (g/cm³)	总孔隙 Total porosity (%)	通气孔隙 Vent pores (%)	持水孔隙 Water holding pores(%)	气水比 Air-water ratio	pH	EC (mS/cm)
CK	0.21±0.01^f	94.15±0.05^a	26.74±0.10^a	67.39±0.09^a	0.40±0.00^a	8.47±0.01^a	0.35±0.01^h
T₁	0.65±0.00^a	69.34±0.08^f	16.67±0.21^e	52.57±0.36^e	0.32±0.00^c	7.31±0.01^e	0.58±0.01^e
T₂	0.45±0.01^b	58.61±0.39^g	6.00±0.66^g	52.61±0.36^e	0.11±0.01^e	7.13±0.06^ef	2.45±0.03^a
T₃	0.43±0.00^c	81.53±0.26^c	21.72±0.06^c	59.78±0.29^c	0.36±0.00^b	7.89±0.01^c	0.47±0.01^f
T₄	0.45±0.00^b	47.33±0.14^h	3.66±0.58^h	43.67±0.49^f	0.08±0.01^f	7.00±0.17^f	1.76±0.01^b
T₅	0.42±0.01^d	72.88±0.13^e	15.57±0.23^f	57.28±0.08^d	0.27±0.00^d	7.50±0.01^d	1.47±0.01^c
T₆	0.36±0.01^e	86.43±0.08^b	23.62±0.15^b	62.41±0.05^b	0.38±0.00^ab	8.17±0.01^b	0.43±0.01^g
T₇	0.41±0.01^d	78.34±0.03^d	18.48±0.36^d	59.61±0.29^c	0.31±0.01^c	7.57±0.01^d	1.31±0.01^d

处理 Treat- ments	速效氮含量 Available nitrogen content (mg/kg)	速效磷含量 Available phosphorus content (mg/kg)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content (mg/kg)	钙含量 Calcium content (g/kg)	镁含量 Magnesium content (g/kg)	有机质含量 Organic matter content (%)
CK	3.97±0.20^f	20.55±0.58^d	135.72±7.59^f	10.34±0.43^g	103.57±4.20^a	0.72±0.09^d
T₁	11.67±0.88^e	10.53±0.26^e	457.18±12.45^e	26.34±0.26^d	19.02±0.43^f	10.38±0.32^bc
T₂	120.03±3.25^a	142.41±4.64^a	5 317.59±116.48^a	43.70±0.86^c	39.51±1.18^d	10.11±0.22^c
T₃	10.90±0.93^e	17.77±0.19^d	417.59±16.43^e	16.91±0.51^e	32.46±0.78^e	11.24±0.28^a
T₄	109.78±4.09^b	107.99±7.05^b	3 377.41±51.75^b	50.58±0.76^a	17.73±0.21^f	10.47±0.25^bc
T₅	96.02±2.67^c	92.31±2.59^b	2 513.54±147.49^c	47.25±0.65^b	14.97±0.24^f	10.96±0.22^ab
T₆	7.97±0.20^f	20.22±0.30^e	356.42±9.10^e	13.43±0.76^f	63.40±1.38^c	10.29±0.27^bc
T₇	86.10±1.95^d	62.22±3.88^c	1 600.19±36.32^d	12.35±0.93^f	91.60±1.59^b	10.01±0.24^c

The effect of vermiculite compound matrix on pepper seedling cultivation

蛭石复混基质对辣椒育苗的影响

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处理 Treat- ments	出苗率 Emergence rate(%)	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	壮苗指数 Strong seedling index
CK	90±4^a	0.50±0.02^a	0.105±0.010^a
T₁	81±2^a	0.34±0.02^b	0.088±0.013^ab
T₂	83±2^a	0.22±0.06^bc	0.070±0.021^abc
T₃	90±2^a	0.17±0.12^c	0.066±0.007^bc
T₄	88±7^a	0.25±0.06^bc	0.062±0.020^bc
T₅	87±7^a	0.27±0.03^bc	0.062±0.003^bc
T₆	88±5^a	0.32±0.06^bc	0.056±0.008^bc
T₇	89±3^a	0.24±0.01^bc	0.042±0.007^c

处理 Treatments	主根长度 Tap root length (mm)	根面积 Root area (mm²)	根尖数 Number of root tips (个)	根平均长度 Average root length (mm)
CK	93.25±1.16^a	511.29±11.64^a	21.33±1.53^a	49.8±1.87^a
T₁	17.45±0.23^f	216.84±2.15^e	10.33±0.58^c	8.63±0.29^f
T₂	28.99±0.52^e	273.54±4.65^d	13.33±0.58^bc	18.04±0.51^de
T₃	29.03±2.17^e	376.47±3.36^b	12.00±2.65^bc	19.79±0.97^d
T₄	29.68±1.52^e	218.90±5.26^e	14.00±4.00^bc	15.29±0.6^e
T₅	56.3±1.27^c	307.74±8.27^c	17.33±1.15^ab	43.55±1.07^b
T₆	67.8±1.68^b	295.24±6.60^c	13.67±1.15^bc	37.91±1.7^c
T₇	34.99±0.25^d	303.24±5.15^c	11.33±1.53^c	19.04±0.31^d

处理 Treatments	地上鲜重 Fresh weight on the ground (g)	地上干重 Ground dry weight (g)	地下鲜重 Underground fresh weight (g)	地下干重 Underground dry weight (g)
CK	1.736±0.048^a	0.119±0.049^c	1.020±0.015^a	0.091±0.014^ab
T₁	0.958±0.018^d	0.258±0.016^bc	0.647±0.042^e	0.124±0.043^a
T₂	1.226±0.111^c	0.418±0.111^a	0.469±0.015^f	0.066±0.018^b
T₃	1.739±0.021^a	0.195±0.022^bc	0.859±0.008^bc	0.065±0.008^b
T₄	1.178±0.079^c	0.280±0.081^ab	0.514±0.011^f	0.046±0.011^b
T₅	1.417±0.003^b	0.210±0.008^bc	0.810±0.008^cd	0.057±0.008^b
T₆	1.265±0.030^bc	0.195±0.029^bc	0.796±0.003^d	0.067±0.003^b
T₇	1.662±0.027^a	0.264±0.028^bc	0.899±0.004^b	0.065±0.004^b

处理 Treatments	Chl a (mg/cm²)	Chl b (mg/cm²)	Chl a+b (mg/cm²)	类胡萝卜素 Caros (mg/cm²)	花青素 Anths (mg/cm²)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mS/cm)	可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mS/cm)
CK	0.51±0.004^b	0.25±0.006^a	0.76±0.008^b	0.50±0.007^b	0.04±0.002^a	0.52±0.021^d	0.66±0.003a^b
T₁	0.62±0.002^a	0.20±0.006^c	0.82±0.004^a	0.53±0.003^a	0.03±0.001^b	0.66±0.003^a	0.78±0.013^a
T₂	0.21±0.005^g	0.08±0.003^f	0.29±0.004^d	0.25±0.004^h	0.01±0.001^f	0.47±0.016^e	0.62±0.105^b
T₃	0.35±0.001^f	0.13±0.005^e	0.48±0.003^c	0.38±0.001^g	0.02±0.001^c	0.65±0.009^ab	0.65±0.020^b
T₄	0.50±0.003^c	0.20±0.006^c	0.70±0.002^b	0.47±0.002^e	0.02±0.002^e	0.50±0.035^de	0.58±0.065^b
T₅	0.37±0.001^e	0.15±0.001^d	0.52±0.002^c	0.43±0.000^f	0.02±0.002^de	0.61±0.007^bc	0.69±0.007^ab
T₆	0.50±0.002^c	0.21±0.001^c	0.71±0.031^b	0.49±0.003^d	0.02±0.001^cd	0.62±0.018^abc	0.64±0.013^b
T₇	0.49±0.006^d	0.23±0.004^b	0.72±0.003^b	0.50±0.001^c	0.02±0.000^cde	0.59±0.004^c	0.57±0.015^b

项目 Item	第一主因 Primary cause	第二主因 The second main cause	第三主因 The third main cause
株高Plant height	-0.413	0.353	0.311 9
茎粗Stem thickness	-0.057 3	0.901 8	0.020 9
叶面积Leaf area	0.090 2	0.113 9	0.937 7
出苗率Emergence rate	0.890 5	0.024 4	0.018 8
根冠比Root shoot ratio	0.723 8	0.399	-0.353 4
壮苗指数Strong seedling index	0.267 2	0.581 2	-0.726 2
Chla+b	0.935 3	-0.122 1	-0.074 2
Caros	0.958 9	-0.053 8	0.091 6
Anths	0.745 3	0.566 6	-0.264 6
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content	0.133	-0.110 9	-0.023 7
可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content	0.143 8	0.154	-0.772 8
方差贡献Ariance contribution	3.958 3	1.823 3	2.311 2
累计贡献Cumulative contribution	0.359 8	0.525 6	0.735 7
特征值Eigenvalues	4.808 3	2.554 7	2.094 3
百分率Percentage(%)	43.712 2	23.224 5	19.038 7
累计百分率Cumulative percentage(%)	43.712 2	66.936 7	85.975 4
权重Weights	0.508 4	0.270 1	0.221 4

处理 Treat- ments	株高 Plant height	茎粗 Stem thickness	叶面积 Leaf area	出苗率 Emergence rate	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	壮苗指数 Strong seedling index	Chla+b	类胡萝卜素 Caros	花青素 Anths	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content	综合评价系数 Comprehensive evaluation coefficient	排序 Sort
CK	0.80	1	0.66	1	1	1	0.73	0.94	1	0.28	0.43	0.80	1
T₁	0	0.82	0	0	0.50	0.73	1	1	0.67	1	1	0.61	2
T₂	1	0.55	0.54	0.18	0.18	0.45	0	0	0	0	0.24	0.29	8
T₃	0.54	0.65	0.61	1	0	0.39	0.50	0.84	0.50	0.94	0.38	0.58	3
T₄	0.60	0.76	0.56	0.77	0.23	0.32	0.70	0.81	0.33	0.16	0.05	0.48	7
T5	0.40	0.86	0.65	0.69	0.31	0.31	0.39	0.47	0.33	0.75	0.57	0.52	5
T₆	0.32	0	0.70	0.77	0.44	0.28	0.71	0.89	0.33	0.73	0.33	0.50	6
T₇	0.69	0.48	1	0.85	0.21	0	0.73	0.92	0.33	0.65	0	0.53	4

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