新郁葡萄顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕对果穗微域环境和品质及效益的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.016

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (10): 2475-2485.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.016

• 园艺特产·林业·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

新郁葡萄顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕对果穗微域环境和品质及效益的影响

白世践(), 户金鸽, 蔡军社

新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善 838200

收稿日期:2021-12-25 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-12-21
通信作者: 白世践
作者简介:白世践(1986 -),男,云南人,高级农艺师,研究方向为葡萄栽培, (E-mail)594748964@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2021D01A147);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-29-26);自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费“新郁葡萄优质高效栽培关键技术研究”(KY2021062)

Effects of Inclined Dragon Trunk Shaping (V+ horizontal) Leaf Curtain Cultivation on Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Quality and Benefit of the Xinyu Grapes

BAI Shijian(), HU Jinge, CAI Junshe

Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanshan Xinjiang 838200, China

Received:2021-12-25 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-12-21
Correspondence author: BAI Shijian
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation Project of Xinjiang Uyqur Autonomous Regisn(2021D01A147);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-29-26);Basic Scientific R& D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China " Study on Key Techniques of High Quality and High Efficiency Cultivation of 'Xinyu'grape(KY2021062)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培模式对吐鲁番地区鲜食葡萄果穗微域环境、果实品质、白粉病发生情况及经济效益的影响,为鲜食葡萄优质高效栽培提供参考。【方法】以吐鲁番地区新郁葡萄为试材,采用顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培,以传统小棚架栽培为对照,比较2种栽培模式下果实发育期果穗微域环境和采收期果实品质、白粉病发生情况及经济效益差异。【结果】相比传统小棚架栽培,顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培提高了新郁葡萄果实发育期微域环境的光、热水平,平均温差增大2.37℃,日均总辐射是小棚架的1.47倍,减小了果实表面湿度及高湿度比例,改善了果穗微域环境;葡萄果粒质量、可溶性固形物含量和果皮花色苷含量增幅分别为32.09%、31.04%和171.43%,果实成熟期提前10 d,且着色、成熟一致性较好,果实综合品质、耐贮运性和商品率均明显提高,叶片白粉病发病率和病情指数分别降低59.49 %和60.85 %,简便高效的栽培模式减少了生产成本投入,667m²经济效益提高86.50 %。【结论】吐鲁番地区新郁葡萄采用顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕栽培模式较优。

关键词: 新郁葡萄; 顺架龙干式; (V+水平)叶幕; 微域环境; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation mode on the culster micro-environment, fruit quality, powdery mildew occurrence and economic benefits of table grapes in Turpan area in the hope of providing reference for high-quality and efficient cultivation of table grapes in this producing region.【Method】 The Xinyu grape in Turpan was taken as the test material, inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation adopted, and the traditional small trellis cultivation used as a control, the culster micro-environment during fruit development under the two cultivation modes were compared to find out the differences in fruit quality, powdery mildew occurrence and economic benefits during harvest.【Results】 The results showed that compared with traditional small trellis cultivation, inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation improved the light and heat levels in the culster micro-environment during the development of Xinyu grape, and the average temperature difference increased by 2.37℃.The average daily total radiation was 1.47 times that of the small trellis, which reduced the surface humidity and high humidity ratio of the fruit, and improved the micro-environment of culster; berry mass, soluble solid content and anthocyanins of skin content increased by 32.09%,31.04% and 171.43% respectively, fruit ripening happened 10 days earlier, coloured ripeness was good, fruit quality, storage and commodity rate increased obviously, incidence and disease index of powdery mildew were reduced by 59.49 % and 60.85 % respectively, the simple and efficient cultivation mode reduced the production cost and increased the economic benefit of a unit of area by 86.50 %.【Conclusion】 The 'Xinyu' grapes in Turpan region which adopts inclined dragon trunk shaping (V+ horizontal) leaf curtain cultivation achieves the goal of high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation.

Key words: Xinyu grape; inclined dragon trunk shaping; V+horizontal leaf curtain; micro-environment; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

白世践, 户金鸽, 蔡军社. 新郁葡萄顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕对果穗微域环境和品质及效益的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2475-2485.

BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, CAI Junshe. Effects of Inclined Dragon Trunk Shaping (V+ horizontal) Leaf Curtain Cultivation on Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Quality and Benefit of the Xinyu Grapes[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2475-2485.

图/表 11

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月份 Month	处理 Treat ment	最高温 Highest temper ature(℃)	最低温 Minimum temperature (℃)	极温差 Polar temperature difference (℃)	平均温度 Average temperature (℃)	平均温差 Average temperature difference (℃)	超过35℃ 温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃(℃)	≥35℃高温时长 Time of temperature exceeding 35℃(h)	平均湿度 Average humidity (%)
5月 May	ST	42.00	10.50	31.50	26.34	21.79	42.00	65.00	31.76
5月 May	IDTS V+HLC	46.50	10.00	36.50	26.92	24.71	79.50	94.00	29.71
6月 June	ST	38.50	9.50	29.00	25.42	17.87	21.00	60.00	37.76
6月 June	IDTS V+HLC	43.00	9.00	34.00	26.55	21.48	88.00	134.5	34.12
7月 July	ST	38.00	12.00	26.00	26.25	15.11	13.00	32.00	51.31
7月 July	IDTS V+HLC	40.00	11.50	28.50	26.98	17.26	51.50	102.00	47.84
8月 August	ST	38.50	12.50	26.0	25.60	17.34	26.00	56.50	46.01
8月 August	IDTS V+HLC	39.50	12.50	27.00	25.87	18.16	42.00	83.50	43.89
均值 Mean	ST	39.25	11.13	28.13	25.90	18.03	25.50	53.38	41.71
均值 Mean	IDTS V+HLC	42.25	10.75	31.50	26.58	20.40	65.25	103.50	38.89

月份 Month	处理 Treat ment	最高温 Highest temper ature(℃)	最低温 Minimum temperature (℃)	极温差 Polar temperature difference (℃)	平均温度 Average temperature (℃)	平均温差 Average temperature difference (℃)	超过35℃ 温差总和 The sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃(℃)	≥35℃高温时长 Time of temperature exceeding 35℃(h)	平均湿度 Average humidity (%)
5月 May	ST	42.00	10.50	31.50	26.34	21.79	42.00	65.00	31.76
5月 May	IDTS V+HLC	46.50	10.00	36.50	26.92	24.71	79.50	94.00	29.71
6月 June	ST	38.50	9.50	29.00	25.42	17.87	21.00	60.00	37.76
6月 June	IDTS V+HLC	43.00	9.00	34.00	26.55	21.48	88.00	134.5	34.12
7月 July	ST	38.00	12.00	26.00	26.25	15.11	13.00	32.00	51.31
7月 July	IDTS V+HLC	40.00	11.50	28.50	26.98	17.26	51.50	102.00	47.84
8月 August	ST	38.50	12.50	26.0	25.60	17.34	26.00	56.50	46.01
8月 August	IDTS V+HLC	39.50	12.50	27.00	25.87	18.16	42.00	83.50	43.89
均值 Mean	ST	39.25	11.13	28.13	25.90	18.03	25.50	53.38	41.71
均值 Mean	IDTS V+HLC	42.25	10.75	31.50	26.58	20.40	65.25	103.50	38.89

栽培模式 Cultivation mode	日均叶幕透射辐射 Daily average PAR tran [μmol/ (m²·s)]	日均土壤反射辐射 Daily average PAR soil [μmol/ (m²·s)]	日均总辐射 Daily average total PAR [μmol/ (m²·s)]
小棚架 Small trellis	2.37	4.30	6.67
顺架龙干式 (V+水平)叶幕 IDTS V+HLC	4.18	5.61	9.79

栽培模式 Cultivation mode	日均叶幕透射辐射 Daily average PAR tran [μmol/ (m²·s)]	日均土壤反射辐射 Daily average PAR soil [μmol/ (m²·s)]	日均总辐射 Daily average total PAR [μmol/ (m²·s)]
小棚架 Small trellis	2.37	4.30	6.67
顺架龙干式 (V+水平)叶幕 IDTS V+HLC	4.18	5.61	9.79

栽培模式 Cultivation mode	果穗质量 Cluster mass(g)	果穗整齐度 Cluster uniformity (%)	果粒质量 Berry mass (g)	果粒整齐度 Berry uniformity (%)	着色 Coloring	果穗紧密度 Cluster density	成熟一致性 Ripening uniformly	果粉 Bloom thickness	采收日期 Harvest date
小棚架 Small trellis	862.62±10.32^a	67.57±2.45^b	10.44±0.54^b	75.39±5.35^b	青、鲜红、紫红	极疏, 部分紧密、适中	不一致	薄	8月20日~ 10月20日
顺架龙干式 (V+水平)叶幕 IDTS V+HLC	852.25±8.96^a	76.77± 3.28^a	13.79± 0.85^a	91.63±4.82^a	鲜红、紫红	适中,极少偏紧密	一致	厚	8月10日 ~9月5日

新郁葡萄顺架龙干式(V+水平)叶幕对果穗微域环境和品质及效益的影响

Effects of Inclined Dragon Trunk Shaping (V+ horizontal) Leaf Curtain Cultivation on Cluster Micro-Environment, Fruit Quality and Benefit of the Xinyu Grapes

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参考文献 21

相关文章 15

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Metrics

栽培模式 Cultivation mode	果柄直径 Pedicel diameter (mm)	鲜果硬度 Fruit firmness (kg/cm²)	果柄耐拉力 Pedicel endurable pulling force(N)	可溶性固形物含量 Total soluble solid content (%)	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content (%)	固酸比 TSS/TA	VC含量 Vitamin content (mg/g)	口感 Taste
小棚架 Small trellis	1.82±0.16^b	1.78± 0.22^b	4.34±0.87^b	17.88±1.33^b	0.39±0.05^a	45.72±3.26^b	0.15± 0.06^a	寡甜、皮薄、果皮无涩味、肉软
顺架龙干式 (V+水平) 叶幕 IDTS V+HLC	2.40± 0.21^a	2.43±0.28^a	6.23±0.59^a	23.43±2.05^a	0.40± 0.02^a	58.55±4.83^a	0.14±0.03^a	甜、脆、果皮无涩味、果皮中厚

栽培模式 Cultivation mode	L	a	b	C	CIRG	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (mg/g)	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoid content (mg/g)	花色苷含量 Anthocyanin content (mg/g)
小棚架 Small trellis	38.08±2.46^a	5.02±1.57^b	4.67±0.68^a	7.20±0.39^b	3.05±0.32^b	0.07±0.01^a	0.01±0.00^a	0.07±0.02^b
顺架龙干式 (V+水平) 叶幕 IDTS V+HLC	27.77±3.55^b	9.63±1.05^a	-0.17±0.05^b	9.65±0.41^a	4.84±0.21^a	0.02±0.01^b	0.01±0.00^a	0.19±0.05^a

栽培模式 Cultivation mode	发病率 Incidence (%)	病情指数 Disease index
小棚架 Small trellis	62.15±9.58^a	21.89±6.85^a
顺架龙干式 (V+水平)叶幕 IDTS V+HLC	25.18±5.75^b	8.57±3.21^b

栽培模式 Cultivation mode	单产 Yield per unit (kg/667m²)	商品率 Commodity rate (%)	单价 Average unit price (元/kg)	生产成本 Cost of production (元/667m²)	效益 Benefit of unit (元/667 m²)
小棚架 Small trellis	2 145.48±201.18^a	50.00 %~70.00 %	8.50	6 500.00	4 000.00
顺架龙干式 (V+水平)叶幕 IDTS V+HLC	1 434.81±123.25^b	≥95.00 %	12.50	5 500.00	7 460.00

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