新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (6): 1409-1417.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.012
• 土壤肥料·园艺特产·贮藏保鲜加工·种质资源 • 上一篇 下一篇
收稿日期:
2021-09-14
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-07-07
通信作者:
王兴鹏
作者简介:
曹辉(1993-),男,陕西延安人,硕士研究生,研究方向为灌溉排水理论与节水灌溉,(E-mail) 17809268435@163.com
基金资助:
CAO Hui(), WANG Hongbo, ZHANG Nan, WANG Xingpeng()
Received:
2021-09-14
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-07-07
Correspondence author:
WANG Xingpeng
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】 研究灌水量对新疆南疆矮砧密苹果光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】 以5 a生皇家嘎啦(Royal Gala)为试验树种,常规灌溉果园为对照处理(CK),灌水定额为5.14 mm,共设置5个灌水定额,即W1(13.5 mm)、W2(18 mm)、W3(22.5 mm)、W4(27 mm)及W5(31.5 mm),分析苹果光合特性、产量及水分利用效率对水分的响应机制。【结果】 不同灌水量下的苹果净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率日变化均呈单峰曲线,并在10:00达到峰值,而胞间CO2浓度变化规律则相反,呈倒“V”型,在10:00时处于最小值。光合指标日均值随着灌水量的增加呈先增后减的趋势,且净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率均以W4处理最高,W3处理次之;与CK相比,W3处理和W4处理,叶片瞬时水分利用效率分别提高了5.06%和3.37%;苹果产量则随着灌水量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,W4处理产量最高,但与W3处理差异不显著,分别较CK增加了17.01%和14.94%,且灌溉水利用效率较CK分别提高7.23%和26.33%。【结论】 新疆南疆矮砧密植5 a生皇家嘎啦苹果灌溉定额为472.5 mm,灌水次数21次时,苹果产量较高,较常规灌溉果园节约灌水9.06%的灌溉。
中图分类号:
曹辉, 王洪博, 张楠, 王兴鹏. 矮砧密植苹果光合特性及产量对水分的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(6): 1409-1417.
CAO Hui, WANG Hongbo, ZHANG Nan, WANG Xingpeng. Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Response to Water Content of Apple under Close Planting on Dwarf Rootstocks in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(6): 1409-1417.
处理 Treatment | 灌水定额 Irrigation quota(mm) | 灌水频率 Irrigation frequency | 灌溉定额 Irrigation quota(mm) |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.14 | 101 | 519.55 |
W1 | 13.50 | 21 | 283.50 |
W2 | 18.00 | 21 | 378.00 |
W3 | 22.50 | 21 | 472.50 |
W4 | 27.00 | 21 | 567.00 |
W5 | 31.50 | 21 | 661.50 |
表1 各处理灌水方案
Table 1 Irrigation scheme of each treatment
处理 Treatment | 灌水定额 Irrigation quota(mm) | 灌水频率 Irrigation frequency | 灌溉定额 Irrigation quota(mm) |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.14 | 101 | 519.55 |
W1 | 13.50 | 21 | 283.50 |
W2 | 18.00 | 21 | 378.00 |
W3 | 22.50 | 21 | 472.50 |
W4 | 27.00 | 21 | 567.00 |
W5 | 31.50 | 21 | 661.50 |
处理 Treatments | Pn μmol/(m2·s) | Cond mol/(m2·s) | Tr mmol/(m2·s) | Ci μmol/mol | LWUE (μmol/mmol) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 10.80c | 0.16c | 6.06c | 272.14c | 1.78abc |
W1 | 8.39f | 0.14f | 4.92e | 289.45a | 1.70c |
W2 | 9.73e | 0.15e | 5.39d | 281.93b | 1.81ab |
W3 | 12.00b | 0.18b | 6.41b | 267.60d | 1.87a |
W4 | 12.47a | 0.19a | 6.79a | 256.82e | 1.84ab |
W5 | 10.41d | 0.15d | 5.88c | 276.19c | 1.77bc |
表2 不同灌水量下光合特性日均值变化
Table 2 Influence of Different Irrigation Amount on Daily Average Value of Photosynthetic Index
处理 Treatments | Pn μmol/(m2·s) | Cond mol/(m2·s) | Tr mmol/(m2·s) | Ci μmol/mol | LWUE (μmol/mmol) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 10.80c | 0.16c | 6.06c | 272.14c | 1.78abc |
W1 | 8.39f | 0.14f | 4.92e | 289.45a | 1.70c |
W2 | 9.73e | 0.15e | 5.39d | 281.93b | 1.81ab |
W3 | 12.00b | 0.18b | 6.41b | 267.60d | 1.87a |
W4 | 12.47a | 0.19a | 6.79a | 256.82e | 1.84ab |
W5 | 10.41d | 0.15d | 5.88c | 276.19c | 1.77bc |
处理 Treatments | 灌水量 Irrigation amount (mm) | 单株果数 Number of fruits per plant (个) | 单株产量 Yield per plant (kg) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | WUEI (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 519.55 | 98.67a | 10.48b | 30 192b | 5.81 |
W1 | 283.50 | 70.67b | 7.24c | 20 856c | 7.36 |
W2 | 378.00 | 72.5b | 7.69c | 22 152c | 5.86 |
W3 | 472.50 | 101.00a | 12.05a | 34 704a | 7.34 |
W4 | 567.00 | 98.83a | 12.27a | 35 328a | 6.23 |
W5 | 661.50 | 94.17a | 9.82b | 28 272b | 4.27 |
表3 不同灌水量下苹果产量和水分利用效率变化
Table 3 Effects of Different Irrigation Quantity on Apple Yield and Water Use Efficiency
处理 Treatments | 灌水量 Irrigation amount (mm) | 单株果数 Number of fruits per plant (个) | 单株产量 Yield per plant (kg) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | WUEI (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 519.55 | 98.67a | 10.48b | 30 192b | 5.81 |
W1 | 283.50 | 70.67b | 7.24c | 20 856c | 7.36 |
W2 | 378.00 | 72.5b | 7.69c | 22 152c | 5.86 |
W3 | 472.50 | 101.00a | 12.05a | 34 704a | 7.34 |
W4 | 567.00 | 98.83a | 12.27a | 35 328a | 6.23 |
W5 | 661.50 | 94.17a | 9.82b | 28 272b | 4.27 |
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