桃新品种需冷量和需热量评价及动力学模型分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】不同模型下评价桃新品种的需冷量和需热量及其关系,分析动力学模型在郑州地区的可行性。【方法】供试桃新品种23个,利用4种需冷量估算模型和2种需热量估算模型,结合R studio中‘chill R’包分别估算新培育桃品种的需冷量和需热量,采用线性回归模型分析二者关系。【结果】供试品种需冷量值差异明显,介于501.5~886.0 h(0~7.2℃模型)、631.5~1 162.0 h(≤7.2℃模型)、525.0~836.0 CU(犹他模型)、27.7~46.3 CP(动力学模型);需热量介于127.3~257.3 D℃(有效积温模型)、4 004.7~6 898.0 GDH℃(生长度时模型)。桃需冷量和需热量均与果实成熟期无必然联系,但无论以何种模型估算需冷量与有效积温模型下的需热量呈正相关;动力学模型估算的需冷量值与其它模型估算值相关性较高。【结论】在23个桃新品种中,需冷量品种占比65%,可在我国长江流域区、云贵高原区、西北干旱区等大部分桃适宜栽培区种植;动力学模型评价需冷量在郑州地区是可行的。

关键词: 桃; 新品种; 动力学模型; 需冷量; 需热量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to estimate chilling and heat requirements and relationship between them for new peach cultivars and explore the feasibility of dynamic model in Zhengzhou area. 【Methods】 Chilling and heat requirements were studied in 23 peach cultivars by using four different models(≤7.2 ℃ model, 0-7.2 ℃ model, Utah model and Dynamic model)for estimating chilling requirement and two different models ( Growing degree hours model and Effective temperature model ) for estimating heat requirement, and correlation between chilling requirement and heat requirement were established by combining the ‘chill R’ package in R studio. 【Results】 There were significant differences in chilling requirement among the 23 new varieties,between 631.5 h and 1,162.0 h(≤7.2 ℃ model)or between 501.5 h and 886.0 h(0-7.2 ℃ model)or between 525.0 CU and 836.0 CU (Utah model)or between 27.7 CP and 46.3 CP (Dynamic model). The heat requirements ranged between 127.3 D℃ and 257.3 D℃(Effective temperature model)or between 4,004.7 GDH℃ and 6,898.0 GDH℃ Growing degree hours model (GDH). Although the chilling and heat requirements of peach were not necessarily related to the fruit ripening period, there was a positive correlation between the chilling requirement and the effective accumulated temperature model. Under the dynamic model, the chilling requirement had a high correlation with other models. 【Conclusion】 Among the 23 new peach varieties, the moderate chilling requirement accounts for about 65%, which can be planted in most suitable cultivation areas such as Yangtze River Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China. The dynamic model is feasible to evaluate the chilling requirement in Zhengzhou area.

Key words: peach; new cultivars; dynamic model; chilling requirement; heat requirement

中图分类号:

S662.1

郭天发, 陈昌文, 李勇, 吴金龙, 熊仁次. 桃新品种需冷量和需热量评价及动力学模型分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(10): 1821-1828.

Tianfa GUO, Changwen CHEN, Yong LI, Jinlong WU, Renci XIONG. Evaluation of Chilling and Heat Requirements of New Peach Cultivars and Preliminary Study on Dynamic Model[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(10): 1821-1828.

图/表 9

参考文献 26

[1]	陈茂铨, 叶伟其, 刘卓香, 等. 12个桃品种的花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(1):86-90.
	CHEN Maoquan, YE Weiqi, LIU Zhuoxiang, et al. The Requirements of Chilling for Bud Dormancy and Caloric for Blooming for 12 Peach Varieties[J]. Scientia Silvae, 2012, 48(1):86-90.
[2]	Erez A. Chemical control of budbreak[J]. HortScience, 1987, 22(6):1240-1243.
[3]	Erez A. Means to compensate for insufficient chilling to improve bloom and leafing[J]. Acta Horticultural, 1995,(395):81-96.
[4]	杨庆仙. 设施桃栽培中存在的问题及解决措施[J]. 河北林业科技, 2005, (6):36-43.
	YANG Qingxian. Problems and solutions of peach cultivation in Greenhouse[J]. The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology, 2005, (6):36-43.
[5]	刘芸, 姜新, 陆玉英, 等. 桃树需冷量研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 35(21):61-65.
	LIU Yun, JIANG Xin, LU Yuying, et al. Advances in Chilling Requirement of Peach[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018, 35(21):61-65.
[6]	Weinberger J H. Chilling requirements of peach varieties[J]. proc.amer.soc.hort.sci, 1950,(56):122-128.
[7]	Barlow S. Winter chilling trends for deciduous fruit trees in Australia[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151(8):1074-1085. DOI URL
[8]	Sanders C G. Comments on a model for estimating the completion of rest for redhaven and Elberta peach trees[J]. Horticultural Science, 1975,(10):560-561.
[9]	Erez A, Fishman S, Linsley-Noakes G C, et al. The dynamic model for rest completion in peach buds[J]. Acta Horticultural Science, 1990,(276):165-174.
[10]	Tapio L, Lappalainen H K, Pertti H . A comparison of phenological models of leaf bud burst and flowering of boreal trees using independent observations[J]. Tree Physiology, 2008,(12):12.
[11]	Pérez Correa F, Ormeño N, Reynaert B, et al. Use of the dynamic model for the assessment of winter chilling in a temperate and a subtropical climatic zone of Chile[J]. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 2008,(68):198-206.
[12]	Alburquerque N, García-Montiel F, Carrillo A, et al. Chilling and heat requirements of sweet cherry cultivars and the relationship between altitude and the probability of satisfying the chill requirements[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2008, 64(2):162-170. DOI URL
[13]	王力荣, 胡霓云. 桃品种的低温需求量[J]. 果树科学, 1992, 9(1):39-42.
	WANG Lirong, HU Niyun. The chilling requirements of peach cultivars[J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 1992, 9(1):39-42.
[14]	王力荣, 朱更瑞, 方伟超. 桃种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005.
	WANG Lirong, ZHU Gengrui, FANG Weichao. Description Specification and Data Standard of Peach Germplasm Resources[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2005.
[15]	Anderson J L, Seeley S D. Modelling strategy in pomology development of the Utah models[J]. Acta Horticultural Science, 1992, 313(36):297-306.
[16]	胡瑞兰, 贾永祥. 影响温室桃成熟期的因子研究[J]. 山西果树, 2002,(3):4-5.
	HU Ruilan, JIA Yongxiang. Study on the Factors Affecting the Mature Period of Greenhouse Peach[J]. Shanxi Fruit Tress, 2002,(3):4-5.
[17]	汪祖华, 庄恩及. 中国果树志-桃卷[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2001.
	WANG Zuhua, ZHUANG Enji. Chinese Fruit Tree - Peach [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2001.
[18]	Darbyshire R, Webb L, Goodwin L, et al. Winter chilling trends for deciduous fruit trees in Australia[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151:1074-1085. DOI URL
[19]	庄维兵, 章镇, 侍婷, 等. 落叶果树需冷量及其估算模型研究进展[J]. 果树学报, 2012, 29(3):447-453.
	ZHUANG Weibing, ZHANG Zhen, SHI Ting, et al. Advance on chilling requirement and its chilling models in deciduous fruit crops[J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2012, 29(3):447-453.
[20]	Fishman S, Erez A, Couvillon G A. The temperature dependence of dormancy breaking in plants: mathematical analysis of a two-step model involving a cooperative transition[J]. J Theor Biol, 1987, 124(4):473-483. DOI URL
[21]	Ruiz D, Campoy J A, Egea J. Chilling and heat requirements of apricot cultivars for flowering[J]. Environ Exp Bot, 2007, 61:254-263. DOI URL
[22]	Allan P, Rufus G, Matthee G W, et al. Winter chill models in a mild subtropical area and effects of constant 6 C chilling on peach budbreak[C]//IV International Symposium on Growing Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and in the Subtropics, 1993, 409:9-18.
[23]	王力荣, 朱更瑞, 方伟超, 等. 桃品种需冷量评价模式的探讨[J]. 园艺学报, 2003, 30(4):379-383.
	WANG Lirong, ZHU Gengrui, FANG Weichao. Estimating models of the chilling requirement for peach[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2003, 30(4):379-383.
[24]	赵婷婷, 韩飞, 陈美艳, 等. 基于3种模型的猕猴桃重要栽培品种需冷量研究[J]. 中国果树, 2018,(6):36-39.
	ZHAO Tingting, HAN Fei, CHEN Meiyan, et al. Study on the cold requirement of important cultivars of kiwifruit based on three models[J]. China Fruits, 2018,(6):36-39.
[25]	Maulión E, Valentini G H, Kovalevski L, et al. Comparison of methods for estimation of chilling and heat requirements of nectarine and peach genotypes for flowering[J]. Science Horticultural, 2014,(177):112-117.
[26]	王力荣, 朱更瑞, 左覃元. 中国桃品种需冷量的研究[J]. 园艺学报, 1997, 24(2):91-93.
	WANG Lirong, ZHU Gengrui, ZUO Qinyuan. Studies on the chilling requirement of peach varieties[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 1997, 24(2):91-93.

日期 Data	平均气温 Average temperature (℃)	日期 Data	平均气温 Average temperature (℃)	日期 Data	平均气温 Average temperature (℃)
11.16	9.74	11.21	10.1	11.26	4.9
11.17	10.3	11.22	9.3	11.27	5.1
11.18	7.3	11.23	12.5	11.28	2.9
11.19	6.7	11.24	10	11.29	4.5
11.2	7.8	11.25	3.5	11.3	5.6

日期 Data	平均气温 Average temperature (℃)	日期 Data	平均气温 Average temperature (℃)	日期 Data	平均气温 Average temperature (℃)
11.16	9.74	11.21	10.1	11.26	4.9
11.17	10.3	11.22	9.3	11.27	5.1
11.18	7.3	11.23	12.5	11.28	2.9
11.19	6.7	11.24	10	11.29	4.5
11.2	7.8	11.25	3.5	11.3	5.6

温度 Temperature (℃)	冷温单位 Chilling Unit (C·U)
1.4	0
1.5~2.4	0.5
2.5~9.1	1
9.2~12.4	0.5
12.5~15.9	0
16.0~18.0	-0.5
>18.0	-1

温度 Temperature (℃)	冷温单位 Chilling Unit (C·U)
1.4	0
1.5~2.4	0.5
2.5~9.1	1
9.2~12.4	0.5
12.5~15.9	0
16.0~18.0	-0.5
>18.0	-1

模型 Model	11月8日	11月15日	11月25日	12月5日	12月15日	12月25日	1月4日	1月14日	1月20日
≤7.2 ℃模型 ≤7.2℃Model (h)	0	11	90	271	445	639	805	1 041	1 162
0~7.2 ℃模型 0~7.2℃ Model (h)	0	11	77	241	356	519	621	809	886
犹它模型 Utah Model (C·U)	-1	8.5	116	293.5	388	535	635.5	768	836
动力学模型 Dynamic Model (CP)	0	0	6.4	14.8	20.3	28	34.5	41.4	46.3