塔河下游典型绿洲灌区土壤盐分空间变异特征

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.02.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究典型绿洲灌区不同深度土壤的盐渍化特征和空间分布状况。【方法】 运用GPS定位技术进行调查与采样,并结合室内样品测定结果,对塔里木河下游31团灌区土壤盐分含量和各盐分离子含量进行地统计分析和Kriging空间插值。【结果】 研究区内土壤总体呈碱性,盐分组成以氯化物-硫酸盐为主,受季节及灌溉影响,秋季蒸发强烈处于积盐阶段,根域层(0~60 cm)土壤盐分均大于深层(60~100 cm)土壤盐分。根域层盐分、Cl^-、Mg²⁺、SO^2-₄的半方差函数拟合模型符合指数模型,深层盐分、K⁺+Na⁺符合高斯模型,HCO^-₃、Ca²⁺符合球状模型。根域层盐分大多处于轻、中度盐渍化,重度盐渍化区域主要集中在研究区中部荒漠化程度高、地形复杂的区域,深层土壤盐分受秋季潜水蒸发影响,绝大部分处于轻度盐渍化,变化范围小,分布较为均匀。各土层中阴离子均以SO^2-₄为主,阳离子均以K⁺和Na⁺为主,SO^2-₄、Cl^-、K⁺+Na⁺与根域层土壤盐分有着相同的分布特征。【结论】 31团灌区土壤含盐量较高,各层土壤均处于不同程度的盐渍化状态,47.12%的根域层(0~60 cm)土壤盐分处于中度盐渍化状态,90.01%的深层(60~100 cm)土壤盐分处于轻度盐渍化状态。

关键词: 地统计学; GIS; 土壤盐分; 空间变异

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the salinization characteristics and spatial distribution of soils at different depths in typical oasis irrigation areas. 【Methods】 GPS localization technique was used for investigation and sampling, and combined with the results of indoor sample determination, the soil salt content and salt ion content in 31st regimental farm irrigation area of the lower reaches of Tarim River were statistically analyzed and Kriging spatial interpolation was carried out. 【Results】 The results showed that the soil in this study area was alkaline -with a high soil salt content. And the soil in each layer was in different degrees of salinization. Chloride-sulfate was the main component of salt, which was affected by the season and evaporated strongly in the salt accumulation stage (autumn). The rhizosphere (0-60 cm) soil salinity was greater than that of deep layer (60-100 cm). The semi-variance function fitting model of rhizosphere salt, Cl^-, Mg²⁺, SO^2-₄conformed to exponential model. The deep salinity and K⁺+Na⁺ conformed to Gaussian model, and HCO^-₃, Ca²⁺ conformed to spherical model. The salinity of rhizosphere was mostly in light and moderate salinization, and the heavily salinization areas were mainly concentrated in the middle of the study area, with high degree of desertification and complex terrain. The deep soil salinity was affected by the phreatic water evaporation in autumn, and most of them were in mild salinization, with a small range of variation and a relatively distribution. The anions in each soil layer were mainly SO^2-₄ and the cations were mainly K⁺ and Na⁺, moreover, SO^2-₄, Cl^-, K⁺+ and Na⁺ had the same distribution characteristics as that in rhizosphere. 【Conclusion】 The soil content of the study area is high, and the soil in each layer is in different degrees of salinization 47.12% of the root zone (0-60 cm) soil salinity is in the state of moderate salinization, and 90.01% of the deep layer (60-100 cm) soil salinity is in a state of mild salinization.

Key words: geo-statistics; GIS; soil salinity; spatial variation　

中图分类号:

丁邦新, 刘雪艳, 白云岗, 刘洪波, 丁平, 肖军. 塔河下游典型绿洲灌区土壤盐分空间变异特征[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(2): 264-273.

DING Bangxin, LIU Xueyan, BAI Yungang, LIU Hongbo, DING Ping, XIAO Jun. Spatial Variation of Soil Salinity in the Typical Oasis Irrigation Area of the Lower Reaches of Tarim River[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(2): 264-273.

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