新疆农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11): 2060-2068.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.11.013

• 土壤肥料·加工·贮藏·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

覆膜滴灌条件下土地开垦年限对土壤盐分、养分和硝态氮分布特征的影响

张少民1,2, 白灯莎2, 刘盛林3, 周广威1, 冯固2   

  1. 1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091;
    2.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193;
    3.山东农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-25 发布日期:2019-02-22
  • 通信作者: 冯固(1962-),男,教授,博士,研究方向为根际生物学,E-mail:fenggu@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张少民(1979-),男,陕西城固人,副研究员,研究方向为植物营养与施肥,E-mail:zhangshoamin8698@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“棉花根系对盐碱胁迫响应及根层磷营养调控的研究”(31460549);NSFC-新疆联合基金项目“灰漠土磷养分高效利用相关的生物肥力性状演变过程及培育机制-长期施肥改变土壤磷转化和利用的根际生物过程研究”(U1703232);国家自然科学基金项目“菌根吸磷途径对棉花吸磷效率的贡献”(41461051)

Effects of Land Reclamation Years on the Distribution Characteristics of Soil Salinity, Fertility and Nitrate Nitrogen under Mulching Drip Irrigation

ZHANG Shao-min1,2, BAI Deng-sha2, LIU Sheng-lin3, ZHOU Guang-wei1, FENG Gu2   

  1. 1. Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
    2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China;
    3. Shandong Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
  • Received:2018-08-25 Published:2019-02-22
  • Correspondence author: FENG Gu(1962-),male, Native place Chenggu, Shaanxi. Associate Professor, Master's degree. The research direction is plant nutrition and fertilization. E-mail:fenggu@cau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    The National Natural Foundation of China "Study on the Response of Cotton Root System to Salt and Alkali Stress and the Regulation of Phosphorus in Root Layer" (31460549);NSFC-Xinjiang Joint Project "Evolution Process and Cultivation Mechanism of Bio-Fertility Traits Related to High efficiency Utilization of Phosphorus in Grey Desert soil: A Study on the Rhizosphere Biological Process of Long-term Fertilization to Change the Conversion and Utilization of soil Phosphorus" (U1703232)and the National Natural Foundation of China "Contribution of Mycorrhizal Phosphorus Uptake Pathway to Cotton Phosphorus Uptake Efficiency" (41461051)

摘要: 【目的】研究覆膜滴灌条件下盐渍土植棉的可持续性。【方法】以时空转换的方法,选择不同开垦年限地块:0(盐碱荒地)、2、4、5、6和15年,分析土壤剖面盐分、pH和硝态氮、铵态氮含量以及耕层土壤养分的变化。【结果】土壤盐分随开垦年限的增加总体上呈下降趋势,土地开垦利用前4年为土壤盐分快速下降阶段,1 m剖面土壤盐分含量平均下降幅度达75.8%,5~15年为土壤盐分的稳定阶段,0~40 cm土壤平均盐分含量为0.72 ms/cm,而土壤pH较高,维持在9.0左右;土地开垦有利于提升土壤肥力,土地开垦6年后,有机质、无机氮和速效磷含量大幅增加;膜下滴灌下土地开垦后1 m剖面硝态氮含量大幅上升,开垦4年后硝态氮已迁移到80~100 cm。【结论】覆膜滴灌下开垦盐碱荒地可有效降低土壤盐分,提高土壤肥力。土地开垦4年后,土壤盐分已不是棉花生长的限制因素,而可能是土壤较高的pH,且硝态氮有向1 m以下土层淋洗的风险。

关键词: 棉花; 膜下滴灌; 土壤盐分; pH; 养分; 硝态氮

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the sustainability of cotton planting in saline-alkali under mulching drip irrigation.【Method】The changes of soil salinity, pH, soil profile fertility and NO3- -N and NH4+-N were studied with the method of space-time conversion in different land plots with different reclamation years (0, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 15).【Result】The results showed that soil salt concentration decreased with the years of land cultivation. The decrease of total salt content was notable at the first four years of cultivation, the average salt content within 1m soil profile decreased by 75.8%, while it changed slowly during the 5 th-15 th years of cultivation with an average salt content of 0.72 ms/cm in 0-40 cm soil layer, but with a high pH value, about 9.0; The soil fertility was improved by cultivation, soil organic matter, Nmin and Olsen-P were increased significantly after land cultivation for 6 years. The farmland management measures (such as drip irrigation, fertilisation) increased the NO3- -N content in the whole 1m soil layer after cultivation. When land was reclaimed for 4 years with drip irrigation under plastic mulch, the soil NO3- -N already transferred to the soil depth of 80-100 cm.【Conclusion】The soil salinity was decreased and fertility was improved after saline-alkali land cultivation. The soil salt content was not limiting factor for cotton growth but probably for high soil pH after cultivation for 4 years, and at that time there was a risk of NO3- -N leaching to the soil layer below 1 m.

Key words: cotton; drip irrigation under mulch; soil salinity; pH; nutrient; $NO^{-}_{3}N$

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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