水分胁迫对醉马草生长的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究并测定水分胁迫下醉马草生长特性指标,分析其抗旱机制。【方法】以醉马草幼苗为材料,在温室条件下采用模拟自然干旱法,测定醉马草有效叶片性状表型(株高、叶面积、各器官生物量鲜干重、根冠比)在正常浇水和持续水分胁迫条件下变化规律。【结果】随着持续水分胁迫时间的延长,醉马草叶片数、有效叶片数减少,枯叶数增加(P<0.05)。早期水分胁迫增加了醉马草叶长、叶宽、叶面积,而水分胁迫 21 d后显著降低(P<0.05)。水分胁迫促进了醉马草株高增长以及地上、地下、植株生物量,但随着水分胁迫延长至21 d又显著降低,而地下生物量分配增加(P<0.05)。复水7 d后,各项指标与对照差异不显著,醉马草生长得到恢复。干旱胁迫下醉马草幼苗生长受阻,但通过减少叶面积降低了水分蒸腾面积,增加地下生物量分配来提高水分利用,并能在水分胁迫消除后迅速恢复正常生长。【结论】醉马草通过增加地下生长,降低地上水分蒸散器官生长来适应水分胁迫。

关键词: 醉马草; 持续水分胁迫; 生长特性; 表型; 生物量分配

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to explore its drought resistance mechanism by measuring the growth characteristics of Achnatherum inebrians under water stress(water stress). 【Methods】 Te seedlings of the Achnatherum inebrians was taken as the research material, the method of simulated natural drought was used in the greenhouse to observe the phenotypic changes of the effective leaf traits, plant height, leaf area, fresh dry weight of each organ's biomass, and root-shoot ratio under normal watering and continuous water stress conditions. 【Results】 With the prolongation of the duration of water stress, the number of leaves and effective leaves of A.inebrians decreased, and the number of dead leaves increased (P<0.05). Early water stress increased the leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of the A.inebrians, but significantly decreased after 21 d (P<0.05). water stress promoted the growth of plant height and aboveground, underground, and plant biomass, but as water stress extended to 21 d, it decreased significantly, while underground biomass allocation increased (P<0.05). After 7 days of rehydration, there was no significant difference between the indicators and the control, and the growth of A.inebrians was restored. It could be seen that under drought stress, the growth of the seedlings of the A.inebrians was hindered, but the water transpiration area was reduced by reducing the leaf area, and the underground biomass allocation was increased to improve the water use, and could quickly resume normal growth after the water stress is eliminated. 【Conclusion】 The A.inebrians adapts to water stress by increasing underground growth and reducing the growth of above-ground water evapotranspiration organs.

Key words: Achnatherum inebrians; sustained water stress; growth characteristics; phenotype; biomass allocation

中图分类号:

S812

蔡沙, 岳永寰, 靳瑰丽. 水分胁迫对醉马草生长的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2714-2723.

CAI Sha, YUE Yonghuan, JIN Guili. Effects of Water Stress on the Growth of Achnatherum inebrians[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2714-2723.

图/表 5

图1 水分胁迫和复水下醉马草叶数量特征变化(平均值±标准误) 注:CK,对照;WS,水分胁迫;＊表示处理组与对照组在0.05水平上有显著性差异(P<0.05),＊＊表示处理组与对照组在0.01水平上有极显著性差异(P<0.01),图中值“42”表示复水7 d的数据,下同

Fig.1 Effects of water stress and rewatering treatments on leaf number traits of A. inebrians(mean±SE) Notes: CK,Control;WS,Drought stress;＊ indicates that the treatment group and control group are significantly different at the 0.05 level (P<0.05);＊＊ indicates that the treat group and control group are significantly different at the 0.01 level(P<0.01).The value "42" in the figure represents the data of 7 days of rewatering, The same as below

图2 水分胁迫和复水下醉马草叶性状变化

Fig.2 Effects of water stress and rewatering treatments on leaf traits of A. inebrians

图3 水分胁迫和复水下醉马草株高和株高生长速率变化

Fig.3 Effects of water stress and rewatering treatments on plant height and plant height growth rate of A. inebrians

图4 水分胁迫和复水下醉马草各器官生物量鲜重变化(平均值±标准误)

Fig.4 Effects of water stress and rewatering treatments on biomass(FW)of A. inebrians(mean±SE)

图5 水分胁迫和复水下醉马草各器官生物量干重和根冠比变化(平均值±标准误)

Fig.5 Effects of water stress and rewatering treatments on dry biomass and root shoot ratio of A. inebrians(mean±SE)

参考文献 36

[1]	王勋陵, 王静. 植物形态结构与环境[M]. 兰州: 兰州大学出版社, 1988:138-148.
	WANG Xunling, WANG Jing. Plant Morphology and Environment[M]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University Press, 1988:138-148.
[2]	Castro-Díez P, Cornelissen J P. Leaf structure and anatomy as related to leaf mass per area variation in seedlings of a wide range of woody plant species and types[J]. Oecologia, 2000, 124(4):476-486. DOI PMID
[3]	孙彩霞, 沈秀瑛. 作物抗旱性鉴定指标及数量分析方法的研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2002, 18(1):49-51.
	SUN Caixia, SHEN Xiuying. Advances in studies on identification indexes and method of quantitative analysis for crop drought resistance[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2002, 18(1): 49-51.
[4]	李飞. 内生真菌对醉马草抗旱性影响的研究[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2007.
	LIFei. Effects of endophyteinfection on drought resistance to drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians)[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2007.
[5]	Koyro H W. Effect of salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations and solute composition of the potential cash crop halophyte Plantagocoronopus L.[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2006, 56(2): 136-146. DOI URL
[6]	许宏. 葡萄砧木和栽培品种抗旱性研究[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2004.
	XU Hong. Study on drought resistance of grape rootstocks and varieties[D]. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2004.
[7]	李德全, 邹琦, 程炳高. 土壤水分胁迫对小麦叶片的渗透调节与延伸生长的影响[J]. 植物学报, 1992, 34(2):121-125.
	LI Dequan, ZOU Qi, CHENG Binggao. Effect of soil water stress on osmotic adjustment and elongation growth of wheat leaves[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 1992, 34(2):121-125.
[8]	任安芝, 高玉葆, 梁宇, 等. 白草和赖草无性系生长对干旱胁迫的反应[J]. 中国沙漠, 1999, 19(34):30-34.
	REN Anzhi, GAO Yubao, LIANG Yu, et al. Effects of drought stress on clonal growth of Pennisetum centrasiaticun and Leymus secalinus[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 1999, 19(34): 30-34.
[9]	祁娟, 徐柱, 马玉宝, 等. 披碱草属六种野生牧草苗期抗旱胁迫的生理变化[J]. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(5):18-24.
	QI Juan, XU Zhu, MA Yubao, et al. Physiological changes of six wild species in Elymus under drought stress at seedling stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2008, 30(5):18-24.
[10]	冯广龙, 刘昌明, 王立. 土壤水分对作物根系生长及分布的调控作用[J]. 生态农业研究, 1996, 4(3):5-9.
	FENG Guanglong, LIU Changming, WANG Li. Roles of soil water in regulating root growth and distribution[J]. Eco-Agriculture Research, 1996,(3):5-9.
[11]	孙铁军, 苏日古嘎, 马万里, 等. 10种禾草苗期抗旱性的比较研究[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(4):42-49.
	SUN Tiejun, SU Riguga, MA Wanli, et al. Drought resistance of ten seedling grasses[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008, 17(4):42-49.
[12]	胡小英. 入侵植物意大利苍耳对干旱胁迫的形态及生理响应[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳大学, 2018.
	HU Xiaoying. Morphology and physiological response of invasive plant Xanthiumitalicum to drought stress[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang University, 2018.
[13]	孙一丹. 病原真菌对野大麦内生真菌共生体的影响[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2015.
	SUN Yidan. Effects of endophyteinfection on fungalpathogens of wild barley(Hordeumbrevisubulatum)[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2015.
[14]	夏超. 醉马草-内生真菌共生体对干旱胁迫的响应[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2018.
	XIA Chao. Responses of Epichloëgansuensis-Achnatheruminebrians symbiont to drought stress[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2018.
[15]	麻雪艳, 周广胜. 干旱对夏玉米苗期叶片权衡生长的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(5):1758-1769.
	MA Xueyan, ZHOU Guangsheng. Effect of drought on the trade-off growth of leaf traits of summer maize in the seedling stage[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(5):1758-1769.
[16]	王敏政. 基于遥感信息与气温的夏玉米土壤水分模拟[D]. 北京: 中国气象科学研究院, 2016.
	WANG Minzheng. Evaluating soil moisture of summer maizeecosystem based on remote sensing data and air temperature[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 2016.
[17]	王秋玲. 夏玉米生理生态与生长特性对干旱过程的响应研究[D]. 北京: 中国气象科学研究院, 2015.
	WANG Qiuling. Study on the response of summer maize physiological ecology and growth characteristics to drought process[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, 2015.
[18]	Elhaak M A. Response of Plantago albicans leaves of environmental drought[J]. Feddes Repertorium, 1990, 101(11/12): 645-650. DOI URL
[19]	叶龙华, 黄香兰, 薛立. 干旱对树木叶片性状及抗旱生理的影响[J]. 世界林业研究, 2014, 27(1):29-34.
	YE Longhua, HUANG Xianglan, XUE Li. Effects of drought on leaf traits and drought resistant physiologyoftrees[J]. World Forestry Research, 2014, 27(1): 29-34.
[20]	严青, 马玉寿, 施建军. 三种禾草萌发期抗旱性研究[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2006, 36(5):11-13.
	YAN Qing, MA Yushou, SHI Jianjun. Study on drought resistance of three kinds of herbage grasses in the seed germination stage[J]. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2006, 36(5):11-13.
[21]	Erice G, Louahlia S, Irigoyen J J, et al. Biomass partitioning, morphology and water status of four alfalfa genotypes submitted to progressive drought and subsequent recovery[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2010, 167(2):114-120. DOI PMID
[22]	齐佳. 羊耳蒜(Liparis japonica)对水分胁迫的响应[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2009.
	QI Jia. The response of Liparis japonica to water stress[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University, 2009.
[23]	蔡丽敏. 引进萱草和景天新品种评价及景天品种繁殖与抗旱性的研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2007.
	CAI Limin. Study on evaluation of Hemerocallis and Sedum and propagation and drought resistance of Sedumcultivar[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2007.
[24]	阿旺白玛, 王传旗, 武俊喜, 等. 禾本科牧草抗旱性研究进展[J]. 草学, 2017,(1):13-16, 20.
	Awangbaima, WANG Chuanqi, WU Junxi, et al. Research progress on drought resistance of Gramineae forages grass[J]. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science, 2017,(1):13-16, 20.
[25]	Jones H G, Corlett J E. Current topics in drought physiology[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1992, 119(3):291-296.
[26]	赵雅洁, 李周, 宋海燕, 等. 喀斯特地区土壤厚度降低和水分减少对两种草本植物混种后光合的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2017, 34(7):1475-1486.
	ZHAO Yajie, LI Zhou, SONG Haiyan, et al. Effects of declinein soil depth and water resource on the photosynthesis of two grasses under mixed plantation in Karst regions[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(7): 1475-1486.
[27]	麻雪艳, 周广胜. 夏玉米苗期主要生长指标的土壤水分临界点确定方法[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(6):1761-1768.
	MA Xueyan, ZHOU Guangsheng. A method to determine the critical soil moisture of growth indicators of summer maize in seedlingstage[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017, 36(6):1761-1768.
[28]	Sterck F J, Poorter L, Schieving F. Leaf traits determine the growth-survival trade-off across rain forest tree species[J]. The American Naturalist, 2006, 167(5):758-765. PMID
[29]	胡明新, 周广胜. 拔节期干旱和复水对春玉米物候的影响及其生理生态机制[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(1):274-283.
	HU Mingxin, ZHOU Guangsheng. Phenological change and its ecophysiological mechanism of spring maize responding to drought at jointing stage and rewatering[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(1):274-283.
[30]	易津, 谷安琳, 贾光宏, 等. 赖草属牧草幼苗耐旱性生理基础的研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2001,(S1):47-50.
	YI Jin, GU Anlin, JIA Guanghong, et al. Studies on the drought hardiness in seedlings of Leymus Hochst.[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2001,(S1):47-50.
[31]	李传荣, 董智. 破坏山体的造林绿化及植被恢复[M]. 北京: 知识产权出版社, 2012.
	LI Chuanrong, DONG Zhi. Afforestation and vegetation restoration that destroy the mountains[M]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2012.
[32]	宋海燕, 张静, 李素慧, 等. 基于容器分区处理探究黑麦草生长对喀斯特不同土壤生境和水分的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(10):3557-3565.
	SONG Haiyan, ZHANG Jing, LI Suhui, et al. Growth response of Loliumperenne L. under different soil habitats and water conditions based on container partition in a Karst area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(10):3557-3565.
[33]	裴芸, 别之龙, 杨小峰. 不同灌水量对生菜生长和光合作用的影响[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2007, 26(1):98-101.
	PEI Yun, BIE Zhilong, YANG Xiaofeng. Effects of different irrigation quantity on the growth and photosynthesis of lettuce[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, 2007, 26(1):98-101.
[34]	赵俊芳, 杨晓光, 陈斌, 等. 不同灌溉处理对旱稻根系生长及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2004, 25(4):44-48.
	ZHAO Junfang, YANG Xiaoguang, CHEN Bin, et al. Effects of different irrigation treatments on root growth and water use efficiency of upland rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2004, 25(4):44-48.
[35]	杨建设. 我国北方旱区农业发展的成就与展望[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1997, 15(4):86-92.
	YANG Jianshe. Achievements and prospects for dryland farming development in North China[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 1997, 15(4):86-92.
[36]	武玥. 外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)缓解黄瓜幼苗盐胁迫的效果及机理研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2018.
	WU Yue. Mechanisms of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on alleviating salt stress in cucumber seedlings[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2018.