荒漠植物功能性状和生物量对土壤水盐环境的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究荒漠植物功能性状与生物量之间的关系随土壤水盐梯度的变化规律,为荒漠地区植物恢复和土壤盐渍化治理提供科学依据。【方法】测定植物的叶片形态、生理特征、植物生物量以及土壤的水分和盐分含量,并将水盐分为3个梯度,分析不同水盐梯度下植物生物量对功能性状的响应。【结果】(1) 植物冠幅面积 (S) 在3种土壤水盐梯度下均有显著性差异 (P < 0.05) ;植物叶片磷含量 (LPC) 在低水盐群落中适应性高于中高水盐梯度。(2) 植物地下生物量 (AGB) 低水盐梯度显著低于高水盐梯度 (P < 0.05) ;地上生物量在土壤水盐梯度上没有表现出显著性差异 (P > 0.05) 。 (3)对植物功能性状和生物量的冗余分析 (RDA) 在3种梯度下,植物冠幅面积 (S) 、株高 (H) 与生物量相关性均较高,植物在生长发育过程中表型性状S、H、SLA会对生物量增长有促进作用。 (4) 荒漠植物功能性状对生物量的指示能力是随着土壤水盐梯度的升高而逐渐减弱。【结论】艾比湖干旱荒漠地区植物的生物量随土壤水盐的增高而减少。在低水低盐土壤区域,植物的适应性较强;在高水盐土壤区域,植物叶片表型性状比生理性状更明显;在中水盐土壤区域,植物功能性状与生物量差异及联系不明显。干旱荒漠区土壤盐含量的增高已经对植物生长产生了迫害,造成了严重的生态环境问题,在干旱荒漠生态系统中,植物的功能性状及生物量减少会使荒漠土地退化,导致生态系统功能的变化。

关键词: 干旱荒漠; 植物功能性状; 生物量; 土壤水盐梯度; 冗余分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis for plant restoration and soil salinization management in desert areas.【Methods】 Plant leaf morphology, physiological characteristics, plant biomass and soil moisture and salt content were measured, and water salinity was divided into three gradients to analyze the response of plant biomass to functional traits under different water and salt gradients.【Results】 The results showed that :(1) canopy area (S) had significant differences under three soil water and salt gradients (P<0.05);The adaptability of plant leaf phosphorus content (LPC) in low salinity community was higher than that in medium salinity gradient.(2) The underground biomass (AGB) of plants with low salinity gradient was significantly lower than that with high salinity gradient (P<0.05);The aboveground biomass showed no significant difference in soil water and salt gradient (P<0.05).(3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) of plant functional traits and biomass showed that under the three gradients, canopy area (S) and plant height (H) were highly correlated with biomass, indicating that phenotype traits S, H and SLA could promote biomass growth during plant growth and development.(4) Multiple regression model showed that the indicator ability of desert plant function to biomass was gradually weakened with the increase of soil water and salt gradient.【Conclusion】 The biomass of plants in the arid desert area of Aibi Lake decreases with the increase in soil water and salt.In the area of low water and low salt soil, plant adaptability is stronger.Phenotypic traits of plant leaves were more obvious than physiological ones in the high water and salt soil regions.The difference and correlation between plant function and biomass are not obvious in the soil area of medium water and salt.The increase of soil salt content in arid desert areas has already persecuted plant growth and caused serious ecological environmental problems.In arid desert ecosystems, the reduction of plant functional properties and biomass will degrade desert land and ultimately lead to changes in ecosystem functions.

Key words: arid area; plant function traits; biomass; soil water- salt gradient; RDA

中图分类号:

S714

陈昱东, 吕光辉, 张磊, 蒋腊梅, 王恒方. 荒漠植物功能性状和生物量对土壤水盐环境的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2574-2584.

CHEN Yudong, LV Guanghui, ZHANG Lei, JIANG Lamei, WANG Hengfang. Effects of Functional Traits of Desert Plants on Biomass in Arid Regions with Different Soil Water-Salt Gradients[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2574-2584.

图/表 8

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序号 Id	植物种类 Species	科属 Family and genera	生活型 Life form	序号 Id	植物种类 Species	科属 Family and genera	生活型 Life form
1	碱蓬 Suaeda glauca	藜科碱蓬属	草本	10	沙蓬 Agriophyllum squarrosum	藜科沙蓬属	草本
2	花花柴 Karelinia caspia	菊科花花柴属	草本	11	草甸羊茅 Festuca pratensis	禾本科羊茅属	草本
3	小獐毛 Aeluropus pungens	禾本科獐毛属	草本	12	罗布麻 Apocynum venetum	夹竹桃科罗布麻属	灌木
4	乳苣 Mulgedium tataricum	菊科乳苣属	草本	13	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	豆科骆驼刺属	灌木
5	对节刺 Horaninowia ulicina	藜科对节刺属	草本	14	盐爪爪 Kalidium foliatum	藜科盐爪爪属	灌木
6	芦苇 Phragmites australis	禾本科芦苇属	草本	15	白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	蒺藜科白刺属	灌木
7	新疆绢蒿 Seriphidium santolinum	菊科绢蒿属	草本	16	琵琶柴 Reaumuria soongarica	柽柳科琵琶柴属	灌木
8	猪毛菜 Salsola collina	藜科猪毛菜属	草本	17	沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	蓼科沙拐枣属	灌木
9	刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	藜科猪毛菜属	草本

序号 Id	植物种类 Species	科属 Family and genera	生活型 Life form	序号 Id	植物种类 Species	科属 Family and genera	生活型 Life form
1	碱蓬 Suaeda glauca	藜科碱蓬属	草本	10	沙蓬 Agriophyllum squarrosum	藜科沙蓬属	草本
2	花花柴 Karelinia caspia	菊科花花柴属	草本	11	草甸羊茅 Festuca pratensis	禾本科羊茅属	草本
3	小獐毛 Aeluropus pungens	禾本科獐毛属	草本	12	罗布麻 Apocynum venetum	夹竹桃科罗布麻属	灌木
4	乳苣 Mulgedium tataricum	菊科乳苣属	草本	13	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	豆科骆驼刺属	灌木
5	对节刺 Horaninowia ulicina	藜科对节刺属	草本	14	盐爪爪 Kalidium foliatum	藜科盐爪爪属	灌木
6	芦苇 Phragmites australis	禾本科芦苇属	草本	15	白刺 Nitraria tangutorum	蒺藜科白刺属	灌木
7	新疆绢蒿 Seriphidium santolinum	菊科绢蒿属	草本	16	琵琶柴 Reaumuria soongarica	柽柳科琵琶柴属	灌木
8	猪毛菜 Salsola collina	藜科猪毛菜属	草本	17	沙拐枣 Calligonum mongolicum	蓼科沙拐枣属	灌木
9	刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica	藜科猪毛菜属	草本

植物功能性状指标Functional traits	缩写Abbreviation	计算公式及单位Formula and unit
植株高度Height	H	cm
冠幅面积Crown area	S	S(cm²)=π×H×L÷4
比叶面积Specific leaf area	SLA	SLA(m²/kg)=叶面(m²)/叶片干重(kg)
干物质含量Leaf dry matter content	LDMC	LDMC(g/kg)=叶片干(g)/叶鲜重(kg)
叶片碳含量Leaf carbon content	LCC	LCC(g/kg)=叶片全氮(g)/叶片干重(kg)
叶片氮含量Leaf nitrogen content	LNC	LNC(g/kg)=叶片全氮(g)/叶片干重(kg)
叶片磷含量Leaf phosphorus content	LPC	LNC(g/kg)=叶片全氮(g)/叶片干重(kg)

植物功能性状指标Functional traits	缩写Abbreviation	计算公式及单位Formula and unit
植株高度Height	H	cm
冠幅面积Crown area	S	S(cm²)=π×H×L÷4
比叶面积Specific leaf area	SLA	SLA(m²/kg)=叶面(m²)/叶片干重(kg)
干物质含量Leaf dry matter content	LDMC	LDMC(g/kg)=叶片干(g)/叶鲜重(kg)
叶片碳含量Leaf carbon content	LCC	LCC(g/kg)=叶片全氮(g)/叶片干重(kg)
叶片氮含量Leaf nitrogen content	LNC	LNC(g/kg)=叶片全氮(g)/叶片干重(kg)
叶片磷含量Leaf phosphorus content	LPC	LNC(g/kg)=叶片全氮(g)/叶片干重(kg)

样地 Plots	样本数 Number	样地编码 Plots Number	土壤含水量 Soil moisture content(%)	土壤含盐量 Soil salt content(%)
高水高盐 High water - salt gradient	11	H	6.075 ± 1.243^a	3.659 ± 1.161^a
中水中盐 Water - salt gradient in medium	28	M	2.788 ± 0.667^b	3.347 ± 0.942^b
低水低盐 Low water - salt gradient	81	L	1.245 ± 0.452^c	2.026 ± 0.535^c