新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 558-566.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.03.005
• 作物遗传育种·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·种质资源 • 上一篇 下一篇
孟阿静1(), 齐莹莹2, 付彦博2, 王治国2, 王新勇1, 冯耀祖2()
收稿日期:
2021-04-12
出版日期:
2022-03-20
发布日期:
2022-03-28
通信作者:
冯耀祖
作者简介:
孟阿静(1989-),女,河南商丘人,助理研究员,硕士研究生,研究方向为植物生理生化,(E-mail) maj19890917@163.com
基金资助:
MENG Ajing1(), QI Yingying2, FU Yanbo2, WANG Zhiguo2, WANG Xinyong1, FENG Yaozu2()
Received:
2021-04-12
Online:
2022-03-20
Published:
2022-03-28
Correspondence author:
FENG Yaozu
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究田间增温水灌溉下滴灌温度对棉花生长及产量的影响。【方法】设置增温水灌溉(ZW)和井水灌溉试验(CK),测定棉花生长、干物质积累与分配、养分吸收、产量指标,分析增温水灌溉对棉花生长的影响。【结果】增温处理各生育时期株高明显增加,茎粗略有增加,叶面积在蕾期和初花期时显著增加,除盛铃期外,其余时期比叶重也有所增加。增温处理可以促进棉花各生育时期各部位的生物量积累,对生物量分配格局产生影响,蕾期和花铃期茎重比增加,其余降低,初花期与之相反。增温处理下植株对养分吸收的能力增加,整株棉花N吸收量较CK增加57.4%(P<0.01),棉花生殖器官铃中P2O5吸收量较CK增加了33.0%(P<0.05);棉花各器官中K20的吸收量与CK比分别增加了23.62%、53.81%、62.99%、33.95%,茎、叶中增幅明显(P<0.01)。增温水滴灌处理下铃数增加18.54%,单铃重减少8.86%,籽棉产量增加7.29%。【结论】增温水滴灌可以促进棉花生长发育、生物量的积累养分的吸收及产量的形成,但在盛铃期不灌溉增温水。
中图分类号:
孟阿静, 齐莹莹, 付彦博, 王治国, 王新勇, 冯耀祖. 增温水滴灌对棉花生物量、养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(3): 558-566.
MENG Ajing, QI Yingying, FU Yanbo, WANG Zhiguo, WANG Xinyong, FENG Yaozu. Effects of Warming Irrigation on Biomass, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(3): 558-566.
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 速效氮 Available N (g/kg) | 速效磷 Available P2O5 (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available K2O (mg/kg) | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 总盐 Total salt (g/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 99.41 | 30.14 | 252.00 | 10.89 | 1.80 |
20~40 | 69.46 | 7.82 | 102.67 | 8.68 | 0.83 |
表1 试验地土壤基本情况
Table 1 Nutrient content of experiment plot
土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 速效氮 Available N (g/kg) | 速效磷 Available P2O5 (mg/kg) | 速效钾 Available K2O (mg/kg) | 有机质 Organic matter (g/kg) | 总盐 Total salt (g/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 | 99.41 | 30.14 | 252.00 | 10.89 | 1.80 |
20~40 | 69.46 | 7.82 | 102.67 | 8.68 | 0.83 |
图1 增温灌溉装置 注:1.水源Water;2.出水口Water outlet;3.即时热水器Instant water heater;4.控水阀Control water valve;5.储水桶Storage bucket;6.出水口Water outlet;7.入水口Entry nozzle;8.潜水泵Submersible pump;9.回水管Return pipe;10.瞬时温度计Instantaneous thermometer;11.调压阀Pressure regulating valve;12.水表Water meter;13.控水阀Control water valve;14.施肥罐Fertilization pot;15.压力表Pressure gauge;16.滴灌支管Drip irrigation pipe;17.毛管Capillary
Fig.1 Temperature increasing device for drip irrigation
图2 不同生育时期棉花生长 注:a、b 、c 等不同字母表示同一测定时间内同一列数值在P<0.05水平上的差异显著性;A、B、C等不同字母表示同一测定时间内同一列数值在P<0.01水平上的差异显著性,下同
Fig.2 The growth condition of cotton in different growth stage Note: Values followed by a different letter (a, b, c) are significantly different P<0.05;Values followed by a different letter (A,B,C) are significantly different P<0.01,the same as below
生育时期 Growth period | 处理 Treatment | 总生物量 Total biomass | 根生物量 Root biomass | 叶生物量 Leaf biomass | 茎生物量 Stem biomass | 蕾铃生物量 Bud and boll biomass |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蕾期 | CK | 14.94±0.38a | 1.63±0.27a | 6.80±0.27A | 5.94±0.41A | 0.57±0.12a |
Bud stage | ZW | 21.31±1.24b | 2.07±0.28a | 9.45±0.63B | 9.00±0.49B | 0.79±0.03b |
初花期 | CK | 28.56±1.54A | 2.84±0.24A | 7.63±0.67A | 13.24±1.2a | 4.84±0.22a |
Initial bloom stage | ZW | 37.48±2.90B | 4.00±0.42B | 11.60±0.51B | 16.70±1.91a | 5.18±0.81a |
花铃期(7月25日) | CK | 37.12±2.27a | 3.45±0.31a | 12.12±0.87a | 15.00±1.66a | 6.55±0.60a |
Flowering and boll setting period | ZW | 45.11±4.68b | 3.76±0.17a | 14.03±0.72b | 20.64±3.95a | 6.68±0.11a |
盛铃期(8月10日) | CK | 56.54±4.80a | 3.74±0.66a | 14.63±0.91a | 18.68±3.54a | 19.49±2.22a |
Full boll stage | ZW | 67.37±1.81b | 4.30±0.82a | 17.63±0.96b | 26.73±2.62b | 19.02±0.65a |
表2 不同增温滴灌下单株棉花各生育时期生物量变化
Table 2 Effect of warming drip irrigation on the biomass of cotton in different growth stages (g)
生育时期 Growth period | 处理 Treatment | 总生物量 Total biomass | 根生物量 Root biomass | 叶生物量 Leaf biomass | 茎生物量 Stem biomass | 蕾铃生物量 Bud and boll biomass |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蕾期 | CK | 14.94±0.38a | 1.63±0.27a | 6.80±0.27A | 5.94±0.41A | 0.57±0.12a |
Bud stage | ZW | 21.31±1.24b | 2.07±0.28a | 9.45±0.63B | 9.00±0.49B | 0.79±0.03b |
初花期 | CK | 28.56±1.54A | 2.84±0.24A | 7.63±0.67A | 13.24±1.2a | 4.84±0.22a |
Initial bloom stage | ZW | 37.48±2.90B | 4.00±0.42B | 11.60±0.51B | 16.70±1.91a | 5.18±0.81a |
花铃期(7月25日) | CK | 37.12±2.27a | 3.45±0.31a | 12.12±0.87a | 15.00±1.66a | 6.55±0.60a |
Flowering and boll setting period | ZW | 45.11±4.68b | 3.76±0.17a | 14.03±0.72b | 20.64±3.95a | 6.68±0.11a |
盛铃期(8月10日) | CK | 56.54±4.80a | 3.74±0.66a | 14.63±0.91a | 18.68±3.54a | 19.49±2.22a |
Full boll stage | ZW | 67.37±1.81b | 4.30±0.82a | 17.63±0.96b | 26.73±2.62b | 19.02±0.65a |
生育时期 Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | 根重比 Root weight ratio | 叶重比 Leaf weight ratio | 茎重比 Stem weight ratio | 根叶比 Genyevi | 根冠比 Root shoot ratio | 蕾铃重比 Bud and boll weight ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蕾期 Bud stage | CK | 0.12±0.02a | 0.46±0.02a | 0.40±0.03a | 0.26±0.03a | 0.13±0.02a | 0.02±0.00a |
ZW | 0.09±0.01b | 0.44±0.03a | 0.42±0.02a | 0.21±0.02a | 0.10±0.01b | 0.04±0.00b | |
初花期 Initial bloom stage | CK | 0.10±0.01a | 0.27±0.02a | 0.47±0.04a | 0.38±0.04a | 0.11±0.01a | 0.16±0.01a |
ZW | 0.11±0.01a | 0.31±0.03a | 0.45±0.05a | 0.35±0.05a | 0.12±0.02a | 0.13±0.01a | |
花铃期 Flowering and boll setting period | CK | 0.09±0.01a | 0.33±0.02a | 0.40±0.04a | 0.29±0.04a | 0.10±0.01a | 0.18±0.02a |
ZW | 0.08±0.00a | 0.31±0.02a | 0.46±0.08a | 0.27±0.08a | 0.09±0.01a | 0.15±0.01a | |
盛铃期 Full boll stage | CK | 0.07±0.01a | 0.26±0.02a | 0.33±0.06a | 0.26±0.06a | 0.07±0.01a | 0.34±0.04A |
ZW | 0.07±0.01a | 0.28±0.02a | 0.43±0.04b | 0.24±0.04a | 0.07±0.01a | 0.28±0.01B |
表3 不同增温滴灌下棉花各生育时期生物分配格局变化
Table 3 Effect of warming drip irrigation on the biomass allocation of cotton in different growth stages
生育时期 Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | 根重比 Root weight ratio | 叶重比 Leaf weight ratio | 茎重比 Stem weight ratio | 根叶比 Genyevi | 根冠比 Root shoot ratio | 蕾铃重比 Bud and boll weight ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蕾期 Bud stage | CK | 0.12±0.02a | 0.46±0.02a | 0.40±0.03a | 0.26±0.03a | 0.13±0.02a | 0.02±0.00a |
ZW | 0.09±0.01b | 0.44±0.03a | 0.42±0.02a | 0.21±0.02a | 0.10±0.01b | 0.04±0.00b | |
初花期 Initial bloom stage | CK | 0.10±0.01a | 0.27±0.02a | 0.47±0.04a | 0.38±0.04a | 0.11±0.01a | 0.16±0.01a |
ZW | 0.11±0.01a | 0.31±0.03a | 0.45±0.05a | 0.35±0.05a | 0.12±0.02a | 0.13±0.01a | |
花铃期 Flowering and boll setting period | CK | 0.09±0.01a | 0.33±0.02a | 0.40±0.04a | 0.29±0.04a | 0.10±0.01a | 0.18±0.02a |
ZW | 0.08±0.00a | 0.31±0.02a | 0.46±0.08a | 0.27±0.08a | 0.09±0.01a | 0.15±0.01a | |
盛铃期 Full boll stage | CK | 0.07±0.01a | 0.26±0.02a | 0.33±0.06a | 0.26±0.06a | 0.07±0.01a | 0.34±0.04A |
ZW | 0.07±0.01a | 0.28±0.02a | 0.43±0.04b | 0.24±0.04a | 0.07±0.01a | 0.28±0.01B |
处理 Treatment | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 单铃重 Single boll weight (g) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.50±1.30a | 4.40±0.29a | 4 789±389a |
ZW | 6.52±1.64a | 4.01±0.27a | 5 138±286a |
表4 不同增温水滴灌下棉花产量变化
Table 4 Effect of warming drip irrigation on the yield of cotton
处理 Treatment | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个) | 单铃重 Single boll weight (g) | 籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.50±1.30a | 4.40±0.29a | 4 789±389a |
ZW | 6.52±1.64a | 4.01±0.27a | 5 138±286a |
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