荒漠草本植物功能性状的土壤水盐响应特征及生态策略

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究植物功能性状间的关系及其随土壤水、盐梯度的变化规律。【方法】以新疆艾比湖荒漠草本群落为对象,调查120个草本植物群落样方,并选中8个植物功能性状进行群落权重均值(CWM)计算,采用K-means聚类法将土壤水、盐含量聚类成3个梯度,利用多元因子分析法(MFA)、单因素方差分析、灰色关联度分析、CSR生态策略等方法,分析土壤水盐对植物功能性状的影响以及植物生态策略。【结果】(1)综合3个梯度变化,株高(H),冠幅(S)随土壤盐分升高表现出亲水性。(2)土壤水分对单个群落植物功能性状的影响在低水低盐梯度最强,土壤盐分对单个群落植物功能性状的影响在高水高盐梯度最强。(3)荒漠草本植物在土壤高水高盐和中水中盐梯度中植被倾向于C/CR,在土壤低水低盐梯度中更倾向于CSR策略。(4)植物S和叶面积(LA)在生态策略和土壤群落梯度间差异性最大。【结论】(1)植物冠幅面积和株高对土壤水分具有较强的敏感性,土壤盐分含量增加会造成草本植物对土壤水分更加依赖。(2)荒漠土壤对植物的影响并非是随土壤水、盐协同变化,土壤高水盐群落由盐胁迫主导,土壤低水盐群落由干旱胁迫主导,并且干旱胁迫对植物生长发育的影响更强烈。(3)受环境影响,艾比湖荒漠区草本植物主要形成了C/CR、C/CSR和CSR 3种生态策略,并且是受干旱胁迫影响,植物功能性状在土壤水盐梯度的变化中S和LA对3种生态策略响应最强烈。

关键词: 干旱荒漠区; 草本植物; 功能性状; 土壤水盐梯度; CSR生态策略

Abstract:

【Objective】 It is of great significance to explore the relationship between plant functional traits and their changes with soil water and salt gradient for understanding plant ecological strategies in arid desert areas.【Methods】 A total of 120 herb community samples were investigated and 8 plant functional traits were selected to calculate the community weighted mean (CWM).Meanwhile, K-means clustering method was used to cluster soil water and salt content into 3 gradients.After that, the effects of soil water and salt on plant functional traits and plant ecological strategies were analyzed by using multiple factor analysis (MFA), one-way ANOVA, grey correlation analysis and CSR ecological strategies.【Results】 (1) Combined with the three gradient changes, plant height (H) and crown width (S) showed hydrophilicity with the increase of soil salinity.(2) Soil moisture had the strongest effect on plant functional traits in a single community at low water and low salt gradient, while soil salt had the strongest effect on plant functional traits at high water and high salt gradient.(3) Desert herbaceous plants tended to C/CR in high water and salt gradient and medium water salt gradient, while those in low water and salt gradient tended to CSR strategy.(4) Plant S and leaf area (LA) demonstrated the greatest difference between ecological strategy and soil community gradient.【Conclusion】 (1) Plant crown area and plant height are highly sensitive to soil water, and the increase of soil salt content would make herbaceous plants more dependent on soil water.(2) The effect of desert soil on plants does not change with the synergistic change of soil water and salt.The high water and salt communities were dominated by salt stress, while the low water and salt communities were dominated by drought stress, and the drought stress had a stronger effect on plant growth and development.(3) Under the influence of environment, herbaceous plants in Ebi Lake desert mainly form three ecological strategies, namely C/CR, C/CSR and CSR, and are affected by drought stress.Among the changes of soil water-salt gradient, S and LA has the strongest response to these three ecological strategies.

Key words: desert area; herbaceous plant; functional trait; soil water and salt gradient; CSR eco-strategy

中图分类号:

李志强, 陈昱东, 吕光辉, 王金龙, 蒋腊梅, 王恒方, 李韩鹏, 张磊. 荒漠草本植物功能性状的土壤水盐响应特征及生态策略[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 2038-2045.

LI Zhiqiang, CHEN Yudong, LYU Guanghui, WANG Jinlong, JIANG Lamei, WANG Hengfang, LI Hanpeng, ZHANG Lei. Soil water-salt response characteristics and ecological strategies for functional traits of desert herbaceous plants[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 2038-2045.

图/表 5

表1 样方水分、盐分聚类

Tab.1 Sample soil water and salt clustering and statistical parameters

水盐梯度 Water and salt gradient	样方数 Plots	土壤含水量 Soil moisture content (%)	土壤含盐量 Soil salt content (g/kg)	优势种 Dominant species
高High	26	4.325±1.645^a	3.585±0.941^a	碱蓬、猪毛菜、小獐毛
中Middle	58	1.719±0.421^b	2.538±0.529^b	碱蓬、沙漠绢蒿、小獐毛、对节刺
低Low	36	0.843±0.202^c	1.584±0.448^c	碱蓬、沙漠绢蒿,对节刺、刺沙蓬

图1 功能性状与土壤水盐多元因子注:小写字母a,b,c分别表示高、中、低水盐梯度

Fig.1 Multiple factor analysis of functional traits and soil water & salt Note: Lowercase letters a, b and c represent high, medium and low water salt gradients, respectively

表2 功能性状与土壤水盐灰色关联度

Tab.2 Grey relational grade analysis between functional traits and soil water and salt

性状 Trait	土壤水分Soil water			土壤盐分Soil salt
性状 Trait	High	Middle	Low	High	Middle	Low
比叶面积SLA Specific leaf area	0.598	0.622	0.716	0.681	0.543	0.483
叶片干物质含量LDMC Leaf dry matter content	0.583	0.482	0.699	0.647	0.553	0.437
冠幅面积S Grown area	0.396	0.435	0.453	0.447	0.335	0.358
叶片碳含量LCC Leaf carbon content	0.620	0.535	0.689	0.666	0.530	0.340
叶片氮含量LNC Leaf nitrogen content	0.568	0.523	0.639	0.627	0.477	0.409
叶片磷含量LPC Leaf phosphorus content	0.627	0.546	0.703	0.685	0.508	0.449
株高H Height	0.554	0.533	0.648	0.653	0.556	0.498
叶面积LA Leaf area	0.500	0.459	0.715	0.976	0.499	0.953

图2 3个水盐梯度功能性状植物生态策略分类

Fig.2 Classification of plant ecological strategies for three water and salt gradient functional traits

图3 3个水盐梯度功能性状植物生态策略方差注:(P<0.05)。A,B,C,a,b,c表示差异性显著,大写字母为功能性状在同一水盐梯度群落下不同生态策略之间的差异,小写字母为相同生态策略中不同水盐梯度群落之间的差异

Fig.3 Analysis of variance of ecological strategies of three plants with water and salt gradient functional traits Note: (P<0.05).A, B, C, a, b and c represent significant difference.Uppercase letters represent the difference of functional traits among different ecological strategies in the same water-salt gradient community, and lowercase letters represent the difference between communities with different water-salt gradient in the same ecological strategy

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