4种植物生长调节剂对棉花生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.008

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 2035-2042.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.008

4种植物生长调节剂对棉花生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响

金嵘¹(), 李进²(), 梁晶², 周小云², 张军高², 张雪颖¹, 曾筱凡¹, 李珊珊¹, 高文伟¹, 雷斌²()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-03-27 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-12-16
通信作者: 李进,雷斌
作者简介:金嵘(1999-),女,吉林舒兰人,本科生,研究方向为农作物化控技术与产品,(E-mail) 625829568@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);新疆维吾尔自治区天山创新团队计划项目(2020D14001);“天山雪松计划”项目(2020XS16)

Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Development, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Cotton

JIN Rong¹(), LI Jin²(), LIANG Jing², ZHOU Xiaoyun², ZHANG Jungao², ZHANG Xueying¹, ZENG Xiaofan¹, LI Shanshan¹, GAO Wenwei¹, LEI Bin²()

1. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Xinjiang Crop Chemical Control Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2021-03-27 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-12-16
Correspondence author: LI Jin, LEI Bin
Supported by:
National Key R & D Promgram Project(2017YFD0201900);Tianshan Innovation Team Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020D14001);Tianshan Cedar Program Project(2020XS16)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究萘乙酸钠(NAA-Na)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)和脱落酸(ABA)对棉花幼苗生长、叶片光合特性及籽棉产量的影响,评价其促生增产效果。【方法】在棉花幼苗2叶期和4叶期喷施10.0 mg/L NAA-Na、2.0 mg/L 6-BA、0.2 mg/L EBR和0.5 mg/L ABA,测定不同处理下棉花苗期株高、茎粗、叶片数、蕾数、叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和光合参数,收获期测定产量及其构成因素。【结果】各处理棉花株高、茎粗、叶片数和蕾数日增长量分别为(0.96~2.78) cm/d、(0.06~0.44) mm/d、(0.15~0.58)片/d和(0.14~0.86)个/d,喷施4种植物生长调节剂后棉花株高、茎粗、叶片数和蕾数日增长量均高于CK,喷施5 d时棉花叶片SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)较CK分别增加8.02%~10.99%、8.95%~16.13%、93.14%~110.17%和6.58%~19.44%,喷施10~20 d时各处理指标间无差异。喷施植物生长调节剂对棉花收获株数和单铃重无差异,单株成铃数和籽棉产量较CK分别增加0.53%~7.54%和0.73%~9.39%。EBR处理对棉花促生增产效果优于NAA-Na、6-BA和ABA。【结论】供试4种植物生长调节剂能不同程度促进棉花由营养生长向生殖生长转化,增加棉花叶片SPAD值和光合特性,通过增加单株成铃数来提高籽棉产量。EBR处理优于其他植物生长调节剂。

关键词: 棉花; 植物生长调节剂; 生长发育; 光合特性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to study and evaluate the effects of NAA-Na, 6-BA, EBR and ABA on cotton growth, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield. 【Methods】 NAA-Na (10.0 mg/L), 6-BA (2.0 mg/L), EBR (0.2 mg/L) and ABA (0.5 mg/L) were sprayed when cotton seedlings grew to two-leaf and four-leaf stage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, bud number, SPAD value, photosynthetic parameters, were detemined during the seedling period,yield and its components were determined during the harvest period. 【Results】 After spraying the four plant growth regulators, the daily average growth of plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and bud number in each treatment were 0.96-2.78 cm/d, 0.06-0.44 mm/d, 0.15-0.58 slices/d and 0.14-0.86 pieces/d, respectively, which were higher than that in the control treatment; SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of leaves were respectively increased by 8.02%-10.99%, 8.95%-16.13%, 93.14%-110.17% and 6.58%-19.44% compared with CK at 5 d. Spraying plant growth regulators had no significant differences on the number of harvested cotton plants and boll weight, while compared with CK, the boll number and seed cotton yield per plant were increased by 0.53%-7.54% and 0.73%-9.39%, respectively. EBR treatment was superior to NAA-NA, 6-BA and ABA treatment in promoting growth and yield of cotton. 【Conclusion】 The tested four plant growth regulators could promote the transformation of vegetative growth to reproductive growth, increase the SPAD value and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton leaves, and increase the seed cotton yield by increasing the boll number per plant. EBR treatment was superior to other plant growth regulators.

Key words: cotton; plant growth regulator; growth and development; photosynthetic characteristics; yield

中图分类号:

S562

金嵘, 李进, 梁晶, 周小云, 张军高, 张雪颖, 曾筱凡, 李珊珊, 高文伟, 雷斌. 4种植物生长调节剂对棉花生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2035-2042.

JIN Rong, LI Jin, LIANG Jing, ZHOU Xiaoyun, ZHANG Jungao, ZHANG Xueying, ZENG Xiaofan, LI Shanshan, GAO Wenwei, LEI Bin. Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Development, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2035-2042.

图/表 4

图1 不同植物生长调节剂下棉花幼苗形态指标变化

Fig. 1 Effects of different plant growth regulators on morphological indexes of cotton seedling

图2 不同植物生长调节剂下棉花叶片SPAD值变化注:同一天数不同处理间不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同

Fig. 2 Effects of different plant growth regulators on SPAD value of cotton seedling leaves Note: The different letters mean significant difference in different treatment of the same day at P < 0.05 level. The same as below

图3 不同植物生长调节剂下棉花幼苗叶片光合参数变化

Fig. 3 Effects of different plant growth regulators on photosynthetic parameters of cotton seedling leaves

表1 不同植物生长调节剂下棉花籽棉产量及其构成因素变化

Table 1 Effects of different plant growth regulators on cotton yield and its components

处理 Treatment	收获株数 Number of harvest (10⁴株/hm²)	单株成铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	籽棉产量 Cotton yield (kg/hm²)
NAA-Na	20.15±0.46^a	6.06±0.10^a	5.53±0.06^a	6 756.94±297.38^ab
6-BA	19.65±0.40^a	5.84±0.05^b	5.61±0.08^a	6 436.97±90.01^ab
EBR	20.20±0.23^a	6.13±0.09^a	5.59±0.07^a	6 924.98±34.99^a
ABA	19.70±0.96^a	5.73±0.07^b	5.64±0.08^a	6 377.09±411.76^b
CK	19.60±0.31^a	5.70±0.12^b	5.67±0.04^a	6 330.59±145.20^b

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4种植物生长调节剂对棉花生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Four Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Development, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Cotton

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