关键词: 春小麦; 育成品种; 遗传多样性; 90K芯片; 遗传演变

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the genetic evolution of spring wheat cultivars in Xinjiang in the hope of improving utilization efficiency of wheat germplasm and providing reference for breeding and improvement of these varieties.【Method】Xinjiang spring wheat varieties were used as experimental materials, and their main characters were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed, and the genetic relationship was analyzed by wheat 90K SNP chip.【Result】 The results showed that the genetic diversity of spring wheat in Xinjiang was abundant, and the average genetic diversity index ranged between 1.902-2.181 with an average 2.005; Correlation analysis showed that protein content, wet gluten and spike grain number had significant positive correlation with breeding age. In the past years, the breeding of spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang mainly applied three methods: hybid breeding, hybrid radiation mutagenesis breeding and introduction. There was no doubt that the introduced wheat varieties did play a great role in the wheat breeding process in Xinjiang. At present, the wheat cultivars could be divided into three groups by wheat 90K chip and the clustering result showed the relationship between the varieties.【Conclusion】The genetic basis of spring wheat breeding in Xinjiang was weak, and at the same time the genetic diversity was gradually lost. In the future, the collection and utilization of genetic resources should be strengthened in order to expand the basis of breeding parental selection and increase the abundance and breadth of variety variation and in addition to that, the breeding objective should focus on multiple resistance, high yield and stable yield, high quality and high efficiency, thus accelerating the breeding process of new varieties and improving efficiency.

Key words: spring wheat; breeding cultivars; genetic diversity; 90K SNP chip; genetic evolution