棉茬地放牧对新疆山羊生产性能及组织结构的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】以山羊为对象,研究棉茬地放牧对山羊生产性能及组织结构的影响。【方法】选取20只体况相近的山羊在棉茬地上自由放牧2个月,放牧期间无补饲。分别于放牧1个月和2个月后取样,测定采食量和消化率。【结果】随着放牧时间的延续,棉茬地上生物量降低,叶片、棉桃壳、细茎等可采食部分比例减少(P<0.05)。采食部分的粗蛋白含量可达8%以上,但纤维素和木质素含量明显高于一般放牧草。山羊的日均采食量和排粪量在放牧第二个月略增加(P<0.05),但有机质和粗蛋白消化率呈下降趋势(P<0.01)。山羊在全放牧期间的总增重和日均增重水平分别为11.27和0.18 kg,在后期放牧阶段略下降。与放牧前相比,山羊血液中谷草转氨酶、谷氨酰基转移酶、尿素氮以及游离棉酚含量显著增加(P<0.05),而铁元素含量显著下降(P<0.05)。血液中免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量显著降低(P<0.05)。显微结构显示,放牧结束时山羊肝细胞变性,充血;肾小球肿胀,肾小管上皮细胞坏死。超微结构则显示肝细胞肿胀变性,线粒体膜破裂;肾脏上皮细胞核固缩。【结论】棉茬地长期放牧会降低山羊的生产性能,对肝脏和肾脏组织结构有一定的损坏,在棉茬地放牧时适当补饲。

关键词: 棉茬地; 放牧; 山羊; 生产性能; 组织病变

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study is conducted to determine the effects of cotton-stubble grazing on production performance, liver and kidney pathologist of Xinjiang goats.【Method】 Twenty goats with similar body conditions were chosen to graze freely on cotton stubble for 2 months, and there was no supplemental feeding during grazing. After grazing for 1 month or 2 months, the feed intake and digestibility were measured.【Result】 The above-ground biomass decreased, proportion of leaf, boll shell, slender stalk decreased with the grazing time (P<0.05). The crude protein content of the edible parts of cotton stubble was more than 8%, but the contents of cellulose and lignin were significantly higher than those of pasture herbage. The average daily intake and fecal excretion of goats increased slightly in the second month of grazing period (P<0.05), but the digestibility of organic matter and crude protein decreased (P<0.01). The total weight gain and average daily gain were 11.27 kg and 0.18 kg during the whole grazing period but decreased slightly in the late grazing stage. The blood aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamy transpeptidase (GGT), urea (UREA), free gossypol (FG) significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with those before grazing, but Fe decreased significantly after grazing (P<0.05). The IgG and IgM decreased significantly in blood (P<0.05). The microstructure result showed that at the end of grazing, goat hepatocytes degenerated along with hyperemia, glomerular became swelling and renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis happened. The ultrastructure showed hepatic cell became swelling and denaturized, mitochondrial membrane ruptured and renal epithelial cell nuclear came into pyknosis state.【Conclusion】 Grazing on cotton stubble affects their production performance, health of liver and kidney. It is suggested that appropriate supplementary feeding should be taken into account when grazing cotton stubble fields.

Key words: cotton stubble field; grazing; goat; performance; tissue lesion

中图分类号:

S826

邹琳,哈丽代·热合木江,艾比布拉·伊马木. 棉茬地放牧对新疆山羊生产性能及组织结构的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(8): 1551-1559.

ZOU Lin, Halidai Rehemujiang, Aibibula Yimamu. Effects of Grazing in Cotton Stubble Fields on Production Performance and Tissue Structure of Xinjiang Goats[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(8): 1551-1559.

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