Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.08.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Study on impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment.【Methods】 A field enrichment experiment was conducted at Shihuzi Village Farm in Wugongtai Town, Hutubi County, Changji Prefecture, Xinjiang to study the effects of organic fertilizer on soil organic matter and nutrient levels. Six treatments were employed: a control without fertilizer application (CK), a conventional fertilizer application (CF), two levels of nitrogen reduction (T₁D₁, T₁D₂, reduced by 15% and 30%, respectively), and two bio-organic fertilizer application rates (T₂D₁, T₂D₂, at 1,125 kg/hm² and 2,250 kg/hm²). Each treatment was replicated four times. 【Results】 In comparison to CF, treatments combining reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited improved leaf area index (LAI) and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) values for spring wheat. The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 9.03% to 28.84%. The nitrogen reduction treatments lowered soil pH and electrical conductivity in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, while augmenting soil organic matter. With the same nitrogen reduction, the treatment with 2,250 kg/hm² bio-organic fertilizer displayed higher soil nutrient content compared with the treatment with 1,125 kg/hm². When applying the same quantity of bio-organic fertilizer, the 15% nitrogen reduction treatment had greater soil nutrient content than the 30% reduction treatment. In contrast to CK and CF treatments, the treatments integrating reduced nitrogen and bio-organic fertilizer application exhibited increased populations of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, whereas soil fungal populations diminished. 【Conclusion】 A 15% reduction in nitrogen fertilization coupled with bio-organic fertilizer application emerges as an effective fertilization strategy, which encourages prudent utilization of fertilizer resources, enhances soil conditions, promots spring wheat growth in saline-alkali lands, reduces soil pH and electrical conductivity, boosts soil nutrient levels, and optimizes soil microbiota composition.

Key words: bio-organic fertilizer; spring wheat; saline-alkali land; nitrogen reduction

摘要：

【目的】研究氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响。【方法】在新疆昌吉回族自治州(简称昌吉州)呼图壁县五工台镇十户村农场进行培肥试验,研究有机肥对土壤有机质和养分的影响。以不施肥(CK)为对照,设置1个常规施肥(CF)处理,2个氮肥减量水平T₁D₁、T₁D₂(氮肥减量15%,氮肥减量30%)和2个生物有机肥施肥量T₂D₁、T₂D₂(1 125 、2 250 kg/hm²),共6个处理,每个处理4次重复。【结果】与常规施肥CF相比,各氮肥减量配施生物有机肥处理的春小麦LAI和SPAD值均有提高,春小麦理论产量增加了9.03%~28.84%;各氮肥减量处理降低了0~10 cm、10~20 cm土层的土壤pH值和土壤电导率,增加了土壤有机质。氮肥减量相同时,施用2 250 kg/hm²生物有机肥的处理比施用1 125 kg/hm²生物有机肥的处理增加土壤养分含量更高;当生物有机肥施量相同时,各土层氮肥减量15%处理比氮肥减量30%处理的土壤养分含量更高。与不施肥处理CK与常规施肥处理CF相比,各氮肥减量配施生物有机肥处理的土壤细菌数量和放线菌数量呈上升趋势,土壤真菌数量呈下降趋势。【结论】氮肥减量15%时配施生物有机肥是实现肥料资源合理利用和改善土壤环境的良好施肥模式,促进盐碱地春小麦生长发育,降低土壤pH值和电导率,增加土壤养分含量,调节土壤可培养微生物数量结构的效果最佳。

关键词: 生物有机肥, 春小麦, 盐碱地, 氮肥减量

CLC Number:

S512

YUAN Yilin, YAN An, ZUO Xiaoxiao, HOU Zhengqing, ZHANG Zhenfei, XIAO Shuting, SUN Zhe, MA Mengqian, ZHAO Yuhang. Impact of reduced nitrogen fertilization combined with bio-organic fertilizer on spring wheat yield enhancement and soil enrichment[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(8): 1872-1882.

袁以琳, 颜安, 左筱筱, 侯正清, 张振飞, 肖淑婷, 孙哲, 马梦倩, 赵宇航. 氮肥减量配施生物有机肥对春小麦增产及土壤培肥的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1872-1882.

Figures/Tables 10

Tab.1 Fertilization amount of each treatment(kg/hm2)

处理 Treatments	基肥 Base fertilizer				追施氮肥 Top dressing
	化肥 Chemical fertilizer				追施氮肥 Top dressing
	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	生物有机肥 Biological organic fertilizer	拔节期 Jointing stage	孕穗期 Booting stage
CK	0	0	0	0	0	0
CF	120	120	75	0	120	60
T₁D₁	102	120	75	1 125	102	51
T₁D₂	102	120	75	2 250	102	51
T₂D₁	84	120	75	1 125	84	42
T₂D₂	84	120	75	2 250	84	42

Fig.1 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on LAI value of spring wheat

Fig.2 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on SPAD value of spring wheat

Tab.2 Yield and its components of spring wheat

处理 Treatments	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗数 Panicle number (10⁴ /hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per panicle (粒)	千粒重 1 000 grain weight (g)	理论产量 Grain yield (kg/hm²)
CK	9.17±0.09^b	497.35±22.94^b	17.00±0.58^d	31.33±0.58^c	3 202.66±256.33^d
CF	9.96±0.08^a	624.75±31.21^a	21.60±0.69^c	34.86±0.45^b	5 363.75±246.03^c
T₁D₁	10.26±0.23^a	586.25±12.46^a	31.80±1.80^a	35.57±0.41^b	6 592.18±68.15^a
T₁D₂	10.45±0.39^a	598.51±29.23^a	33.00±0.6^a	40.65±3.03^a	6 910.93±123.82^a
T₂D₁	10.23±0.22^a	570.96±16.43^a	28.00±1.06^b	36.97±0.86^b	5 848.35±431.75^bc
T₂D₂	10.27±0.18^a	573.91±9.94^a	30.80±0.40^a	36.76±0.68^b	6 489.454±69.23^ab

Fig.3 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on soil pH Notes: (a) 0~10 cm soil pH; (b) 10~20 cm soil pH

Fig.4 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on soil electrical conductivity Notes: (a)0-10 cm conductivity; (b)10-20 cm conductivity

Fig.5 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on soil organic matter content Notes: (a) 0-10 cm organic matter;(b) 10-20 cm organic matter

Fig.6 Changes of reduced nitrogen fertilizer combined with bio organic fertilizer on the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in soil Notes: (a) 0-10 cm total nitrogen; (b) 10-20 cm total nitrogen; (c) 0-10 cm total phosphorus; (d) 10-20 cm total phosphorus; (e) 0-10 cm total potassium; (f) 10-20 cm total potassium

Fig.7 Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on the contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil Notes: (a) 0-10 cm alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,(b) 10-20 cm alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,(c) 0-10 cm available phosphorus,(d) 10-20 cm available phosphorus, (e) 0-10 cm available potassium, (f) 10-20 cm available potassium

Tab.3 Changes of nitrogen reduction combined with bio organic fertilizer on the number of soilmicroorganisms

处理 Treatments	细菌 Bacteria (10⁶ cfu/g)	真菌 Fungus (10⁴ cfu/g)	放线菌 Actinomycetes (10⁵ cfu/g)
CK	1.30±0.14^d	5.65±0.49^ab	2.77±0.18^c
CF	1.19±0.29^d	6.90±0.85^a	3.30±0.28^c
T₁D₁	6.15±0.78^c	4.35±0.63^bc	4.15±0.21^b
T₁D₂	9.50±0.02^b	3.07±0.79^c	4.78±0.31^ab
T₂D₁	8.00±0.01^bc	3.90±0.57^c	4.35±0.35^b
T₂D₂	12.50±0.71^a	3.01±0.13^c	5.20±0.42^a

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