Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals As and Cd in Typical Soils in Xinjiang

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.025

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (8): 2033-2040.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.08.025

• Plant Protection·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection·Agricultural Equipment Engineering and Mechanization • Previous Articles Next Articles

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals As and Cd in Typical Soils in Xinjiang

LIU Guohong¹(), LENG Bingbing²(), BIAN Qingyong³, WEI Yayuan³, WANG Zhiguo⁴

1. Turpan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Turpan Xinjiang 838000,China
2. Urumqi Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Urumqi 830091,China
3. Baicheng Agricultural Experimental Station/ National Soil Quality Aksu Observation and Test Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Aksu, Xinjiang 843000,China
4. Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2021-11-03 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-10-01
Correspondence author: LENG Bingbing
Supported by:
Innovation Environment（Talent, Base） Construction Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region - Resource Sharing Platform Construction(PT2110)

新疆典型区域土壤重金属As和Cd分布特征及评价

刘国宏¹(), 冷冰冰²(), 扁青永³, 魏亚媛³, 王治国⁴

1.新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番 838000
2.乌鲁木齐市环境监测中心站,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆农业科学院拜城农业试验站/国家土壤质量阿克苏观测试验站,新疆阿克苏 843000
4.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 冷冰冰
作者简介:刘国宏（1979-）,男,新疆奇台人,副研究员,研究方向为土壤耕作与水肥高效利用,（E-mail） lghdjs@163.com
基金资助:
自治区创新环境（人才、基地）建设专项—资源共享平台建设(PT2110)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the content and distribution of heavy metals in typical heavy metal contaminated areas of Xinjiang（Regiment 123 and Regiment 127 in Kuitun City and Sixty Household Township of Urumqi County） and evaluate their safety and risk by sampling and measuring the content of As and Cd in the soil.【Method】 The heavy metal pollution and ecological risk of typical soils in typical farmland in Kuitun City and Sixty Household Township of Urumqi County were evaluated by pollution index method and potential risk index method.【Result】 The ratio of the mean value of As and Cd to the background value was less than 1,which was lower than the background value of Xinjiang soil. The ratio of the mean value and background value of Heavy metal As in six samples from Regiment 123 and Regiment 127 in Kuitun City was 1.91,which was higher than the background value of Xinjiang soil. The ratio of the mean value of heavy metal Cd to the background value was 0.92,which was lower than the background value of Xinjiang soil. According to the environmental quality evaluation standard of producing area of edible agricultural products,through the single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index,it could be seen that the range of the two heavy metals in the samples of Sixty Household Township of Urumqi County and Kuitun City were Pi≤0.7 or 0.7 < Pi≤1.0,Px≤0.7,and the pollution level was clean or still clean. Based on the assessment of potential ecological risk of farmland,the sample areas of Sixty Household Township of Urumqi County and Kuitun City were at low ecological risk. 【Conclusion】 The contents of heavy metal As and Cd in the soils of Sixty Household Township of Urumqi County and Kuitun City,Xinjiang are lower than the environmental quality assessment standard of edible agricultural products producing area,and the soil was not polluted by heavy metals.

Key words: soil; heavy metals; assessment; ecological risk

摘要：

【目的】通过对新疆典型重金属区域（奎屯市123团和127团、乌鲁木齐县六十户乡）土壤进行布点调查采样并测定重金属As和Cd含量,研究目前该区域的重金属含量及分布状况,并对其安全性进行评价。【方法】采用污染指数法和潜在风险指数法,对新疆奎屯市、乌鲁木齐县六十户乡典型农田土壤重金属区域代表性土壤进行重金属、生态风险评价。【结果】乌鲁木齐县六十户乡重金属As和Cd的平均值和背景值的比值小于1,低于新疆土壤背景值。奎屯市123团和127团的6个样点的重金属As的平均值和背景值的比值为1.91,高于新疆土壤背景值。重金属Cd的平均值和背景值的比值为0.92,低于新疆土壤背景值。依据食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准,乌鲁木齐县六十户乡以及奎屯市样点2种重金属范围均为Pi≤0.7或者0.7<Pi≤1.0,Px≤0.7,污染水平均为清洁或者尚清洁。乌鲁木齐县六十户乡以及奎屯市样点区均处于低生态风险程度。【结论】新疆乌鲁木齐县六十户乡、奎屯市样点区土壤重金属As和Cd含量均低于食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准,土壤未受到重金属污染。

关键词: 土壤, 重金属, 评价, 生态风险

CLC Number:

LIU Guohong, LENG Bingbing, BIAN Qingyong, WEI Yayuan, WANG Zhiguo. Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals As and Cd in Typical Soils in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(8): 2033-2040.

刘国宏, 冷冰冰, 扁青永, 魏亚媛, 王治国. 新疆典型区域土壤重金属As和Cd分布特征及评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(8): 2033-2040.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 The grading of soil pollution indexes

指数 Index	范围 Range	污染水平 Pollution level
单因子污染指数	Pi≤0.7	清洁
Single factor pollution index（ Pi）	0.7<Pi≤1.0	尚清洁
	Pi>1.0	超标
综合污染指数	Px≤0.7	清洁
Comprehensive	0.7<Px≤1.0	尚清洁
Pollution index（Px）	Px>1.0	超标

Table 2 Assessment standards of potential ecological risk coefficient（Eir）and risk indices（RI） of heavy metals

潜在生态风险系数 $E_{r}^{i}$ Potential ecological risk coefficient $E_{r}^{i}$	单因子生态危险指数 Single factor ecological risk	潜在生态风险指数 Potential ecological risk index（R_I）	潜在生态危害程度 Potential ecological damage degree
$E_{r}^{i}$ <40	低	R_I<150	低
40≤ $E_{r}^{i}$ <80	中	150≤R_I<300	中
80≤ $E_{r}^{i}$ <160	高	300≤R_I<600	高
160≤ $E_{r}^{i}$ <320	重	600≤R_I	重
320≤ $E_{r}^{i}$	严重

Table 2 Assessment standards of potential ecological risk coefficient（Eir）and risk indices（RI） of heavy metals

潜在生态风险系数 $E_{r}^{i}$ Potential ecological risk coefficient $E_{r}^{i}$	单因子生态危险指数 Single factor ecological risk	潜在生态风险指数 Potential ecological risk index（R_I）	潜在生态危害程度 Potential ecological damage degree
$E_{r}^{i}$ <40	低	R_I<150	低
40≤ $E_{r}^{i}$ <80	中	150≤R_I<300	中
80≤ $E_{r}^{i}$ <160	高	300≤R_I<600	高
160≤ $E_{r}^{i}$ <320	重	600≤R_I	重
320≤ $E_{r}^{i}$	严重

Table 3 Soil heavy metal content in the Sixty Household Township s of Urumqi County（ mg / kg ）

项目item	As	Cd
平均值Mean	8.75	0.08
范围值Range	7.43~9.71	0.02~0.12
标准差Standard deviation	0.84	0.01
变异系数%coefficient of variation	9.6	8.7
背景值background value	11.20	0.12
比值Ratio	0.78	0.66

Table 4 The grading of soil pollution indexes

采样样点 Sampling Sample points	食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准 Environmental Quality Requirements for Green Food Soil
	单因子污染指数Pi Single factor pollution index Pi		综合污染指数Px Comprehensive pollution index Px
	As	Cd	综合污染指数Px Comprehensive pollution index Px
1	0.45	0.40	0.44
2	0.42	0.40	0.42
3	0.48	0.40	0.46
4	0.49	0.48	0.48
5	0.42	0.45	0.44
6	0.37	0.43	0.41
平均值Mean	0.44	0.43	0.44

Table 5 Potential ecological risk coefficients（E r i） and risk indices（RI） of heavy metals

样区编码 Sample codes	单因子潜在生态风险系数 $E_{r}^{i}$ Potential ecological risk coefficient of single factor（ $E_{r}^{i}$ ）		综合潜在生态风险指数 RIPotential ecological risk coefficient of comprehensive pollution index（R_I）
样区编码 Sample codes	As	Cd
1	8.03	40.00	48.03
2	7.53	40.00	47.53
3	8.50	40.00	48.50
4	8.67	47.50	56.17
5	7.52	45.00	52.52
6	6.63	42.50	49.13
平均值Mean	7.81	42.50	50.31

Table 5 Potential ecological risk coefficients（E r i） and risk indices（RI） of heavy metals

样区编码 Sample codes	单因子潜在生态风险系数 $E_{r}^{i}$ Potential ecological risk coefficient of single factor（ $E_{r}^{i}$ ）		综合潜在生态风险指数 RIPotential ecological risk coefficient of comprehensive pollution index（R_I）
样区编码 Sample codes	As	Cd
1	8.03	40.00	48.03
2	7.53	40.00	47.53
3	8.50	40.00	48.50
4	8.67	47.50	56.17
5	7.52	45.00	52.52
6	6.63	42.50	49.13
平均值Mean	7.81	42.50	50.31

Table 6 Soil heavy metals contents of each survey point

项目Item	As	Cd
平均值Mean	21.39	0.11
范围值Range	8.25~80.00	0.1~0.24
标准差Standard deviation	4.23	0.04
变异系数%coefficient of variation	19.78	26.67
背景值background value	11.20	0.12
比值Ratio	1.91	0.92

Table 7 The grading of soil pollution indexes

样点编码 Sample point coding	单因子污染指数 P_i Single factor pollution index（P_i）		综合污染指数 P_x Comprehensive Pollution index（P_x）
样点编码 Sample point coding	As	Cd	综合污染指数 P_x Comprehensive Pollution index（P_x）
1	0.68	0.42	0.39
2	0.70	0.53	0.32
3	0.74	0.44	0.42
4	0.49	0.49	0.35
5	0.44	0.41	0.30
6	0.62	0.61	0.44
平均值Mean	0.61	0.48	0.37

Table 8 Potential ecological risk coefficients（E r i） and risk indices（RI） of heavy metals

样区编码 Sample codes	单因子潜在生态风险系数 $E_{r}^{i}$ Potential ecological risk coefficient of single factor（ $E_{r}^{i}$ ）		综合潜在生态风险指数 R_I Potential ecological risk coefficient of comprehensive pollution index（R_I）
样区编码 Sample codes	As	Cd
1	1.52	1.06	46.85
2	7.14	1.33	111.43
3	1.66	1.10	49.71
4	1.09	1.23	47.65
5	0.99	1.03	40.88
6	1.38	1.53	59.68
平均值Mean	2.30	1.21	22.96

Table 8 Potential ecological risk coefficients（E r i） and risk indices（RI） of heavy metals

样区编码 Sample codes	单因子潜在生态风险系数 $E_{r}^{i}$ Potential ecological risk coefficient of single factor（ $E_{r}^{i}$ ）		综合潜在生态风险指数 R_I Potential ecological risk coefficient of comprehensive pollution index（R_I）
样区编码 Sample codes	As	Cd
1	1.52	1.06	46.85
2	7.14	1.33	111.43
3	1.66	1.10	49.71
4	1.09	1.23	47.65
5	0.99	1.03	40.88
6	1.38	1.53	59.68
平均值Mean	2.30	1.21	22.96

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Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals As and Cd in Typical Soils in Xinjiang

新疆典型区域土壤重金属As和Cd分布特征及评价

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