Abstract:

【Objective】 We combed and analyzed the current situation of the development of biological breeding in Xinjiang cotton industry, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the high-quality development of cotton biological breeding in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 By consulting literature and investigating typical projects, we understand the application basis of cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing, molecular marker-assisted selection, and transgenic breeding in Xinjiang. 【Results】 The development status of cotton industry in Xinjiang was investigated, the application of cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing and molecular markers in cotton breeding was sorted out, the existing technology, mechanism and market bottleneck were analyzed, and the countermeasures such as scientific research system construction, policy support and industrial coordination were put forward. Mining the main bottlenecks restricting the promotion of biological breeding, combined with typical cases at home and abroad, put forward practical and feasible countermeasures and suggestions. 【Conclusion】 Xinjiang is leading the country in terms of cotton planting scale, industrial organization and mechanization level, but in the breeding process, especially in the field of biological breeding, there are still multiple problems such as imperfect system, insufficient technical reserve and poor transformation of achievements.

Key words: cotton; biological breeding; industry status; development bottlenecks; countermeasures

摘要：

【目的】 梳理和分析新疆棉花产业生物育种发展的现状,为新疆棉花生物育种高质量发展提供理论依据和实践参考。【方法】 通过查阅文献资料、调研典型项目,了解基因编辑、分子标记辅助选择、转基因育种等前沿技术在新疆的应用基础。调研新疆棉花产业发展现状,梳理基因编辑、分子标记等前沿技术在棉花中的应用情况,分析存在的技术、机制与市场瓶颈,提出科研体系建设、政策支持与产业协同等对策。挖掘制约生物育种推广的主要瓶颈,结合国内外典型案例,提出对策。【结果】 新疆南疆地区(包括喀什地区、阿克苏地区、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、和田地区等)是主要棉花产区,棉田多采用大田集中连片种植模式,便于机械化操作。北疆地区则以兵团农场为主,种植制度成熟、组织化程度高。新疆棉花仍以陆地棉为主,长绒棉比例较低。【结论】 新疆在棉花种植规模、产业组织化和机械化水平方面处于全国领先,但在育种环节,尤其是生物育种领域,仍存在体系不完善、技术储备不足、成果转化不畅等多重问题。

关键词: 棉花, 生物育种, 产业现状, 发展瓶颈, 对策