青砧1号与不同品种组合幼树生长势的评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.016

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 1191-1198.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.016

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

青砧1号与不同品种组合幼树生长势的评价

冯贝贝¹(), 梅闯¹, 艾沙江·买买提¹, 赵月¹^,², 闫鹏¹(), 王继勋¹()

1.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院果蔬研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-07-09
通信作者: 闫鹏(1981-),男,江苏南通人,副研究员,研究方向果树资源栽培与育种,(E-mail)xaasyysyp@163.com;
王继勋(1965-),男, 安微砀山人,研究员,研究方向为果树资源与育种,(E-mail)ee_wjx@163.com
作者简介:冯贝贝(1990-),女,河南平舆人,助理研究员,研究方向果树育种与栽培生理,(E-mail)Fengbeibei@xaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);新疆现代农牧业发展高层次人才计划(2022SNGGGCC025)

Evaluation of the growth potential of young trees of Qingzhen 1 and different combinations of varieties

FENG Beibei¹(), MEI Chuang¹, Aishajiang Buymati¹, ZHAO Yue¹^,², YAN Peng¹(), WANG Jixun¹()

1. Institute of Fruits and Vegetables, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052,China

Received:2024-10-15 Published:2025-05-20 Online:2025-07-09
Supported by:
Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-27);Xinjiang Modern Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development High-level Talent Programme(2022SNGGGCC025)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究青砧1号与不同品种接穗组合在新疆阿克苏地区的生长势的表现,筛选出适宜阿克苏地区生长的砧穗组合。【方法】2018~2020年连续3年的统计青砧1号与9种不同品种组合的株高、砧木横截面积、接穗横截面积、短枝率、中枝率、长枝率、总枝量、花芽数和开花株率的变化。【结果】2018~2019年宫崎、蜜脆的株高均是最低的(2018年,114.67和129.33 cm),2019年为宫崎140.00 cm,显著低于其他砧穗组合,蜜脆144.67 cm。2020年短枝2001/青砧1号组合的株高最低,为213.33 cm,2018~2019年砧木横截面积最小的是蜜脆/青砧1号组合,分别是188.51和336.21 mm²,2020年砧木横截面积达到1 794.37 mm²,变异系数从6.71%增加到16.78%,再增加到38.56%,整齐度不断变差。2020年砧木横截面积最小的是宫崎/青砧1号组合,1 072.36 mm²,但是变异系数是42.14%,整齐度在所有组合中最差。接穗的横截面积中,2018~2019年最小的是蜜脆/青砧1号,分别是172.89和325.95 mm²,从2018~2020年的枝类组成中,占比较大的是长枝类型。2020年以烟富7/青砧1号、烟富8/青砧1号、瑞阳/青砧1号、蜜脆/青砧1号的组合的花芽数超过了35个。【结论】9个品种与青砧1号的8个生长势指标的综合评价的排名为瑞阳/青砧1号>宫崎/青砧1号>明月/青砧1号>烟富7/青砧1号>烟富8/青砧1号>晋18/青砧1号>短枝2001/青砧1号>蜜脆/青砧1号>礼富/青砧1号。

关键词: 苹果; 砧穗组合; 青砧1号; 生长势; 评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 To observe the performance of growth potential of Qingzhen 1 and different varieties of scion combinations in Aksu area, and screen out suitable rootstock combinations for growth in Aksu area.【Methods】 Statistics on plant height, rootstock cross-sectional area, scion cross-sectional area, short branch rate, medium branch rate, long branch rate, total branch volume, number of flower buds, and flowering plant rate of Qingzhen 1 and nine different varieties of scion combinations were conducted for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020.【Results】 The plant heights of Miyazaki and Honey Crisp were the lowest in 2018-2019, 114.67cm and 129.33cm in 2018, respectively, and in 2019 for Miyazaki 140.00cm, which was significantly lower than those of the other rootstock combinations, and Honey Crisp 144.67cm. in 2020, the lowest plant height was recorded for the combination of Short Branch 2001/ Qingzhen 1 at 213.33cm, the smallest rootstock cross-sectional area in 2018-2019 was the Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1 combination with 188.51 and 336.21mm², respectively, and in 2020 the rootstock cross-sectional area reached 1794.37mm², the coefficient of variation increased from 6.71% to 16.78% and then to 38.56%, and the neatness kept deteriorating. The smallest rootstock cross-sectional area in 2020 was the Miyazaki /Qingzhen1 combination with 1072.36mm², but the coefficient of variation was 42.14%, and the neatness was the worst among all the combinations. The smallest cross-sectional area of scion in 2018-2019 was Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1 with 172.89 and 325.95mm² respectively, and a larger percentage of branch composition from 2018-2020 was the long branch type. 2020 was dominated by Yanfu 7/ Qingzhen 1, Yanfu 8/ Qingzhen 1, Ruiyang/ Qingzhen 1, and Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1 combinations had a bud the number of flower buds over 35. 【Conclusion】 In the comprehensive evaluation of eight growth potential indexes of nine varieties and Qingzhen 1, the rankings are Ruiyang/Qingzhen 1>Miyazaki/Qingzhen 1>Mingyue/Qingzhen 1>Yanfu 7/ Qingzhen 1>Yanfu 8/Qingzhen 1>Jin 18/ Qingzhen 1>Short Branch 2001/ Qingzhen 1>Honey Crisp/ Qingzhen 1>Lifu/ Qingzhen 1.

Key words: apple; rootstock combination; Qingzhen 1; growth potential; evaluation

中图分类号:

S661.1

冯贝贝, 梅闯, 艾沙江·买买提, 赵月, 闫鹏, 王继勋. 青砧1号与不同品种组合幼树生长势的评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1191-1198.

FENG Beibei, MEI Chuang, Aishajiang Buymati, ZHAO Yue, YAN Peng, WANG Jixun. Evaluation of the growth potential of young trees of Qingzhen 1 and different combinations of varieties[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(5): 1191-1198.

图/表 6

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项目 Items	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉
株高 Tree height(cm)	151.00^bc	145.00^bc	114.67^d	148.67^bc	179.67^a	158.33^b	155.33^b	131.67^cd	129.33^cd
CV(%)	5.77	9.12	6.31	4.77	8.35	9.20	3.72	9.56	12.81
砧木横截面积 Cross-sectional area of rootstock (mm²)	337.68^cd	424.70^bc	230.28^de	465.38^b	631.69^a	374.90^bc	383.84^bc	246.41^de	188.51^e
CV(%)	10.50	26.69	9.53	16.36	9.89	15.74	11.45	22.97	6.71
接穗横截面积 Cross-sectional area of scion (mm²)	278.56^cde	361.03^bc	206.43^ef	448.94^b	569.06^a	333.88^c	320.16^cd	226.12^def	172.89^f
CV(%)	7.59	24.33	6.49	19.17	9.57	13.49	12.01	21.66	16.71
接穗/砧木 Scion/ Rootstock	0.91	0.92	0.95	0.99	0.95	0.94	0.91	0.96	0.96

项目 Items	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉
株高 Tree height(cm)	151.00^bc	145.00^bc	114.67^d	148.67^bc	179.67^a	158.33^b	155.33^b	131.67^cd	129.33^cd
CV(%)	5.77	9.12	6.31	4.77	8.35	9.20	3.72	9.56	12.81
砧木横截面积 Cross-sectional area of rootstock (mm²)	337.68^cd	424.70^bc	230.28^de	465.38^b	631.69^a	374.90^bc	383.84^bc	246.41^de	188.51^e
CV(%)	10.50	26.69	9.53	16.36	9.89	15.74	11.45	22.97	6.71
接穗横截面积 Cross-sectional area of scion (mm²)	278.56^cde	361.03^bc	206.43^ef	448.94^b	569.06^a	333.88^c	320.16^cd	226.12^def	172.89^f
CV(%)	7.59	24.33	6.49	19.17	9.57	13.49	12.01	21.66	16.71
接穗/砧木 Scion/ Rootstock	0.91	0.92	0.95	0.99	0.95	0.94	0.91	0.96	0.96

项目 Items	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉
株高 Tree height(cm)	180.33^abc	164.67^bcd	140.00^d	183.33^ab	200.00^ab	177.67^abc	197.33^ab	209.33^a	144.67^cd
CV(%)	13.08	8.09	10.00	3.33	17.50	12.13	3.80	13.18	5.23
砧木横截面积 Cross-sectional area of rootstock (mm²)	760.82^abc	914.72^a	431.64^bc	902.23^a	839.26^ab	431.38^bc	742.47^abc	733.48^abc	336.21^c
CV(%)	24.82	21.68	38.70	38.03	37.81	66.50	43.75	13.71	16.78
接穗横截面积 Cross-sectional area of scion (mm²)	673.44^abc	700.55^abc	375.69^c	838.24^ab	986.15^a	461.66^bc	672.30^abc	678.74^abc	325.95^c
CV(%)	25.32	15.17	32.81	43.16	38.76	63.47	38.85	16.95	24.38
接穗/砧木 Scion /Rootstock	0.94	0.88	0.94	0.95	1.09	1.06	0.96	0.96	0.98

项目 Items	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉
株高 Tree height(cm)	180.33^abc	164.67^bcd	140.00^d	183.33^ab	200.00^ab	177.67^abc	197.33^ab	209.33^a	144.67^cd
CV(%)	13.08	8.09	10.00	3.33	17.50	12.13	3.80	13.18	5.23
砧木横截面积 Cross-sectional area of rootstock (mm²)	760.82^abc	914.72^a	431.64^bc	902.23^a	839.26^ab	431.38^bc	742.47^abc	733.48^abc	336.21^c
CV(%)	24.82	21.68	38.70	38.03	37.81	66.50	43.75	13.71	16.78
接穗横截面积 Cross-sectional area of scion (mm²)	673.44^abc	700.55^abc	375.69^c	838.24^ab	986.15^a	461.66^bc	672.30^abc	678.74^abc	325.95^c
CV(%)	25.32	15.17	32.81	43.16	38.76	63.47	38.85	16.95	24.38
接穗/砧木 Scion /Rootstock	0.94	0.88	0.94	0.95	1.09	1.06	0.96	0.96	0.98

项目Items	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉
株高 Tree height(cm)	246.00^abc	222.33^bc	241.33^abc	239.33^abc	233.33^abc	213.33^c	226.67^bc	260.00^ab	273.33^a
CV(%)	13.08	8.09	10.00	3.33	17.50	12.13	3.80	13.18	5.23
砧木横截面积 Cross-sectional area of rootstock (mm²)	1 713.69^a	2 032.80^a	1 508.70^a	2 770.10^a	1 494.97^a	1 644.34^a	1 823.93^ab	1 910.46^ab	1 966.66^ab
CV(%)	35.83	41.59	42.14	27.46	19.99	15.68	23.91	21.36	38.56
接穗横截面积 Cross-sectional area of scion (mm²)	1 529.72^ab	1 856.95^ab	1 072.36^c	2 023.91^a	1 523.82^ab	1 860.41^ab	1 614.87^ab	1 439.70^ab	1 794.37^ab
CV/%	18.59	11.27	5.92	35.39	18.34	16.93	20.55	36.04	36.95
接穗/砧木 Rootstock/Scion	0.96	0.99	0.88	0.85	1.02	1.06	0.94	0.86	0.96

青砧1号与不同品种组合幼树生长势的评价

Evaluation of the growth potential of young trees of Qingzhen 1 and different combinations of varieties

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品种 Varie- ties	短枝率 Stubbing rate(%)			中枝率 Mid-branch rate(%)			长枝率 Long branch rate(%)			总枝量 Total branches(条)
品种 Varie- ties	2018年	2019年	2020年	2018年	2019年	2020年	2018年	2019年	2020年	2018年	2019年	2020年
A₁	4.76^ab	27.69^a	9.31^a	7.14^bc	5.96^a	27.27^ab	88.10^abc	66.35^a	63.42^a	8.00^a	23.33^bc	20.33^abc
A₂	24.11^ab	28.57^a	1.67^a	6.73^bc	5.00^a	3.33^b	69.16^abc	66.43^a	95.00^a	15.33^a	16.67^c	17.00^bc
A₃	19.09^ab	36.67^a	1.96^a	6.06^bc	11.75^a	9.80^ab	74.85^abc	51.59^a	88.24^a	9.33^a	14.33^c	15.00^c
A₄	11.11^ab	37.31^a	13.77^a	3.70^bc	5.82^a	15.26^ab	85.19^abc	56.87^a	70.96^a	8.33^a	33.00^ab	20.67^abc
A₅	6.41^ab	32.06^a	2.22^a	3.85^bc	14.24^a	32.45^a	89.74^ab	53.71^a	65.33^a	15.67^a	39.33^a	19.33^abc
A₆	29.57^a	37.78^a	8.93^a	6.73^bc	5.23^a	21.91^ab	61.13^bc	56.98^a	69.16^a	10.67^a	24.67^bc	21.00^abc
A₇	0.00^b	19.08^a	2.62^a	0.00^c	10.33^a	15.89^ab	100^a	70.59^a	81.48^a	7.33^a	28.00^abc	25.00^a
A₈	5^ab	12.75^a	2.38^a	17.64^b	16.80^a	22.15^ab	77.36^ab	70.45^a	75.46^a	14.33^a	21.33^bc	23.00^ab
A₉	13.93^ab	26.01^a	6.11^a	35.20^a	14.19^a	8.89^ab	50.88^c	59.80^a	85.00^a	14.33^a	19.00^c	17.33^bc

品种 Varieties	隶属函数值 Membership function								综合指数 Compreh- ensive index	排序 Order
品种 Varieties	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	综合指数 Compreh- ensive index	排序 Order
A₁	0.65	0.38	0.35	0.56	0.45	0.63	0.43	0.42	0.465 3	6
A₂	0.52	0.41	0.54	0.42	0.35	0.62	0.50	0.40	0.428 6	9
A₃	0.42	0.35	0.35	0.53	0.61	0.45	0.58	0.58	0.526 5	2
A₄	0.60	0.58	0.46	0.43	0.49	0.41	0.50	0.54	0.492 4	4
A₅	0.44	0.50	0.61	0.39	0.57	0.45	0.47	0.46	0.489 1	5
A₆	0.40	0.49	0.35	0.48	0.46	0.53	0.67	0.37	0.462 6	7
A₇	0.50	0.61	0.54	0.52	0.56	0.45	0.38	0.53	0.525 9	3
A₈	0.39	0.50	0.45	0.65	0.60	0.38	0.57	0.44	0.539 6	1
A₉	0.44	0.52	0.49	0.39	0.39	0.46	0.51	0.47	0.441 4	8
变异系数 CV(%)	0.05	0.20	0.16	0.41	0.49	0.13	0.17	0.37
权重Weight	0.02	0.10	0.08	0.21	0.25	0.06	0.09	0.19

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品种 Varie- ties	花芽数 Number of buds			开花株率 Flowering plant(%)
品种 Varie- ties	2018年	2019年	2020年	2020年
A₁	1.67^ab	3.00^abc	14.33^cd	17.02
A₂	5.67^ab	6.00^a	10.33^d	6.82
A₃	2.67^ab	3.00^abc	18.33^bcd	2.78
A₄	1.33^ab	0.00^c	38.33^abc	16.28
A₅	2.67^ab	0.00^c	42.67^ab	22.22
A₆	4.00^b	4.33^ab	38.33^abc	33.33
A₇	0.00^ab	6.33^a	24.00^abcd	5.56
A₈	3.00^ab	0.33^bc	41.67^abc	37.5
A₉	7.67^a	0.00^c	48.67^a	0

品种 Varie- ties	花芽数 Number of buds			开花株率 Flowering plant(%)
品种 Varie- ties	2018年	2019年	2020年	2020年
A₁	1.67^ab	3.00^abc	14.33^cd	17.02
A₂	5.67^ab	6.00^a	10.33^d	6.82
A₃	2.67^ab	3.00^abc	18.33^bcd	2.78
A₄	1.33^ab	0.00^c	38.33^abc	16.28
A₅	2.67^ab	0.00^c	42.67^ab	22.22
A₆	4.00^b	4.33^ab	38.33^abc	33.33
A₇	0.00^ab	6.33^a	24.00^abcd	5.56
A₈	3.00^ab	0.33^bc	41.67^abc	37.5
A₉	7.67^a	0.00^c	48.67^a	0