种植密度与减量施肥对食葵产量及相关性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 55-62.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.007

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

种植密度与减量施肥对食葵产量及相关性的影响

王贺亚¹(), 罗静静¹(), 艾海峰¹, 李怀胜¹, 孟玲¹, 王鹏²

1.新疆生产建设兵团第九师农业科学研究所(畜牧科学研究所),新疆塔城 834600
2.新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2023-05-06 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-21
通信作者: 罗静静(1989-),女,河南扶沟人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为作物栽培与作物病虫害,(E-mail)860220521@qq.com
作者简介:王贺亚(1992-),男,河南上蔡人,助理研究员,研究方向为作物栽培与水肥一体化,(E-mail)1209399827@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关项目“北疆边境团场食葵提质增效关键技术集成与示范”(2021AB011);新疆生产建设兵团科技特派项目“塔额垦区食葵标准化种植与应用示范推广”(2022CB023)

Effects of planting density and reduced fertilization on sunflower yield and relativity

WANG Heya¹(), LUO Jingjing¹(), AI Haifeng¹, LI Huaisheng¹, MENG Ling¹, WANG Peng²

1. Agricultural Science Institute(Institute of Animal Science) of the Ninth Division of XPCC, Tacheng Xinjiang 834600,China
2. Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China

Received:2023-05-06 Published:2024-01-20 Online:2024-02-21
Supported by:
The Corps tackles key scientific and technological problems in key areas"The integration and demonstration of key technologies for improving the quality and efficiency of food sunflowers in the northern Xinjiang border group field"(2021AB011);XPCC Science and Technology Special Project"Standardized Planting and Application Demonstration and Promotion of Aoi in Taeken District"(2022CB023)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆塔额垦区食用向日葵(以下简称食葵)种植密度与减量施肥双效应互作对产量及相关性的影响,获得食葵最佳种植密度与最佳施肥量协同处理,为新疆塔额垦区食葵栽培技术提供科学的理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以同庆5号品种材料,采用密度、减量施肥二因素裂区试验设计,3次重复,共计36个小区,主区为种植密度,设置4个水平:M₁、M₂、M₃、M₄;副区为减量施肥,设置3个处理:F₁(N 277 kg/hm²、P 115 kg/hm²、K 130 kg/hm²)、F₂(减量10%)处理、F₃(减量20%)处理,分析种植密度和减量施肥双效应对食葵生物性状、经济性状及产量的影响。【结果】食葵在相同种植密度条件下,减量施肥对食葵株高、花盘直径、茎粗均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且影响不显著,均以F₂(减肥10%)处理株高最高,分别为208.03、220.40、236.27、240.67 cm,花盘直径表现为最优,分别为21.91、20.41、19.94、19.77 cm,径粗表现最粗,分别为3.95、3.87、3.73、3.61 cm;在不同密度处理之间呈现显著影响,株高表现为M₄密度最高为240.34 cm,茎粗和花盘直径均表现为随种植密度的增加而降低的趋势;同一密度下化肥施用量对食葵产量构成因子结实率、单盘粒重、百粒重影响不显著;不同密度下对产量因子影响显著。食葵单盘粒重177.62~187.43 g,百粒重19.36~21.88 g,且均表现为随着种植密度的增大呈现降低趋势。食葵产量先增加后降低,同一密度条件下,食葵产量以F₂平均产量处理最高,为3 976.94 kg/hm²,适宜的减量施肥对食葵产量的提升具有重要作用。种植密度与减量施肥双效应互作对食葵产量影响显著,以组合M₂F₂处理为最佳,产量表现最高,为4 344.35 kg/hm²,M₂F₂处理即种植密度为25 965株/hm²,化肥减量10%,即尿素450 kg/hm²、磷酸二铵225 kg/hm²、硫酸钾225 kg/hm²。【结论】新疆塔额垦区食葵种植密度与化肥施用量组合在M₂F₂处理为最优,产量达到最高,为4 344.35 kg/hm²,且产量构成因子优势明显,结实率达到最高,为82.06%,单盘粒重和百粒重均表现较好,M₂F₂处理更适宜新疆塔额垦区食葵种植的推广。

关键词: 食葵; 密度; 减量施肥; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effects of the interaction between planting density and reduced fertilization on yield and correlation of edible sunflower (hereinafter referred to as shikui)in Ta’eken area,in order to obtain the optimal planting density and optimal fertilization rate of edible sunflower. 【Methods】 The experimental materials of Tongqing No. 5 cultivar were used to design the two-factor split plot of density and reduced fertilization,with 3 replicates,a total of 36 plots,the main area was the planting density,and 4 levels were set:M₁,M₂,M₃,M₄,and the sub-area was reduced fertilization,and 3 treatments:F₁(N 277 kg/hm²,P 115 kg/hm²,K 130 kg/hm²),F₂(10% reduction) and F₃(20% reduction) were set. The biological traits,economic traits and yield were measured at harvest time,and the effects of planting density and reduced fertilization on the biological traits,economic traits and yield of edible sunflower were calculated and analyzed. 【Results】 Under the same planting density,the plant height,flower disc diameter and stem diameter of sunflower were increased first and then decreased,and the effect was not significant,the plant height was 208.03 cm,220.4 cm,236.27 cm and 240.67 cm in F₂(10% weight loss),and the diameter of flower disc was the best,which was 21.91 cm,20.41 cm and 19.94 cm,respectively. 19.77 cm,the diameter diameter was the thickest,3.95 cm,3.87 cm,3.73 cm,3.61 cm,respectively,the plant height showed a significant effect between different density treatments,the plant height was the highest M₄ density of 240.34 cm,the stem diameter and the flower disc diameter showed a decreasing trend with the increase of planting density,the same density of chemical fertilizer application on the yield component factors of sunflower seed setting rate,single disc grain weight and 100 grain weight,under different densities had a significant effect on the yield factor. The results showed that the grain weight of the single disc of sunflower was between 177.62 g-187.43 g,The 100-grain weight was between 19.36 g-21.88 g,and all of them showed a decreasing trend with the increase of planting density. It can be seen that the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction on sunflower yield first increased and then decreased,and the average yield of F₂ was the highest under the same density condition,which was 3 976.94 kg/hm²,indicating that appropriate reduced fertilization played an important role in the improvement of sunflower yield. The interaction of planting density and reduced fertilization had a significant effect on the yield of edible sunflower,and the combined M₂F₂ treatment was the best,and the yield performance was the highest,which was 4 344.35 kg/hm²,the planting density of M₂F₂ treatment was 25 965 plants/hm²,and the chemical fertilizer reduction was 10%,i.e.,urea 450 kg/hm²,ethylenediamine phosphate 225 kg/hm²,and potassium sulfate 225 kg/hm². 【Conclusion】 In conclusion,the optimal combination of density and chemical fertilizer application rate in Ta’eken area was the best in M₂F₂ treatment,and the yield reached the highest(4 344.35 kg/hm²),and the yield component factor had obvious advantages,which showed that the seed setting rate reached the highest(82.06%) In summary,the combination of the optimal density and fertilizer application rate in the Taeken area was M₂F₂ treatment,which could be converted into better economic benefits,which was more suitable for the promotion of sunflower planting in the Taeken area,and provided scientific theoretical basis and technical support for the cultivation technology of sunflower in the Taeken area.

Key words: sunflower; density; reduced fertilization; yield

中图分类号:

S565.5

王贺亚, 罗静静, 艾海峰, 李怀胜, 孟玲, 王鹏. 种植密度与减量施肥对食葵产量及相关性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 55-62.

WANG Heya, LUO Jingjing, AI Haifeng, LI Huaisheng, MENG Ling, WANG Peng. Effects of planting density and reduced fertilization on sunflower yield and relativity[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 55-62.

图/表 8

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处理 Dispose	施肥时期和施肥量 Fertilization period and amount of fertilizer
处理 Dispose	现蕾期 Budding period	开花期 Flowering stage	灌浆期 Grouting period
F₁	尿素82.5+磷酸二铵 165+硫酸钾62.7	尿素222.75+磷酸二铵 41.25+硫酸钾99	尿素189.75+磷酸二铵 41.25+硫酸钾85.8
F₂	尿素75+磷酸二铵 150+硫酸钾57	尿素202.5+磷酸二铵 37.5+硫酸钾90	尿素172.5+磷酸二铵 37.5+硫酸钾78
F₃	尿素67.5+磷酸二铵 135+硫酸钾51.3	尿素182.25+磷酸二铵 33.75+硫酸钾81	尿素155.25+磷酸二铵 33.75+硫酸钾70.2

处理 Dispose	施肥时期和施肥量 Fertilization period and amount of fertilizer
处理 Dispose	现蕾期 Budding period	开花期 Flowering stage	灌浆期 Grouting period
F₁	尿素82.5+磷酸二铵 165+硫酸钾62.7	尿素222.75+磷酸二铵 41.25+硫酸钾99	尿素189.75+磷酸二铵 41.25+硫酸钾85.8
F₂	尿素75+磷酸二铵 150+硫酸钾57	尿素202.5+磷酸二铵 37.5+硫酸钾90	尿素172.5+磷酸二铵 37.5+硫酸钾78
F₃	尿素67.5+磷酸二铵 135+硫酸钾51.3	尿素182.25+磷酸二铵 33.75+硫酸钾81	尿素155.25+磷酸二铵 33.75+硫酸钾70.2

种植密度 Planting density	减肥配置 Slimming configuration	株高 Plant height (cm)	花盘直径 Disc diameter (cm)	径粗 Thick stem (cm)
M₁	F₁	208.07±1.20^c	21.73±0.99^ab	3.94±0.02^a
	F₂	208.03±0.95^c	21.91±0.55^a	3.95±0.05^a
	F₃	208.17±2.70^c	21.78±0.35^ab	3.96±0.02^a
M₂	F₁	219.83±1.22^b	20.29±0.46^abc	3.86±0.07^b
	F₂	220.40±1.91^b	20.41±0.45^abc	3.87±0.03^b
	F₃	220.33±1.18^b	20.17±1.86^abc	3.85±0.02^b
M₃	F₁	235.87±1.95^a	19.33±1.25^c	3.73±0.02^c
	F₂	236.27±1.60^a	19.94±0.15^abc	3.73±0.03^c
	F₃	236.13±2.51^a	19.58±1.34^c	3.74±0.03^c
M₄	F₁	239.67±4.64^a	19.11±0.29^c	3.61±0.04^d
	F₂	240.67±2.49^a	19.77±0.31^bc	3.61±0.06^d
	F₃	240.67±1.24^a	19.49±0.97^c	3.59±0.02^d

种植密度 Planting density	减肥配置 Slimming configuration	株高 Plant height (cm)	花盘直径 Disc diameter (cm)	径粗 Thick stem (cm)
M₁	F₁	208.07±1.20^c	21.73±0.99^ab	3.94±0.02^a
	F₂	208.03±0.95^c	21.91±0.55^a	3.95±0.05^a
	F₃	208.17±2.70^c	21.78±0.35^ab	3.96±0.02^a
M₂	F₁	219.83±1.22^b	20.29±0.46^abc	3.86±0.07^b
	F₂	220.40±1.91^b	20.41±0.45^abc	3.87±0.03^b
	F₃	220.33±1.18^b	20.17±1.86^abc	3.85±0.02^b
M₃	F₁	235.87±1.95^a	19.33±1.25^c	3.73±0.02^c
	F₂	236.27±1.60^a	19.94±0.15^abc	3.73±0.03^c
	F₃	236.13±2.51^a	19.58±1.34^c	3.74±0.03^c
M₄	F₁	239.67±4.64^a	19.11±0.29^c	3.61±0.04^d
	F₂	240.67±2.49^a	19.77±0.31^bc	3.61±0.06^d
	F₃	240.67±1.24^a	19.49±0.97^c	3.59±0.02^d

种植密度 Planting density	减肥配置 Slimming configuration	结实率 Firming rate (%)	单盘粒重 Single disc grain weight (g)	百粒重 100 grains weight (g)
M₁	F₁	81.09±0.46^abc	187.15±0.45^a	21.69±0.48^ab
	F₂	81.37±0.88^abc	187.70±0.80^a	22.05±0.84^a
	F₃	80.69±0.93^abc	187.46±2.63^a	21.91±0.61^a
M₂	F₁	81.03±0.63^abc	185.58±1.03^b	21.66±0.09^ab
	F₂	82.06±0.59^abc	185.49±0.92^b	21.67±1.17^ab
	F₃	80.68±1.29^a	185.07±0.51^b	21.85±0.41^a
M₃	F₁	80.70±0.36^abc	181.25±0.88^c	20.44±0.60^bc
	F₂	80.96±0.79^abc	181.69±0.84^c	20.41±0.55^bc
	F₃	79.77±1.03^bcd	181.37±0.57^c	20.34±0.20^c
M₄	F₁	78.28±0.82^d	175.43±0.53^d	19.31±0.26^c
	F₂	79.34±0.46^cd	175.54±0.29^d	19.36±0.41^c
	F₃	78.42±0.48^d	174.88±0.35^d	19.41±0.25^c

种植密度与减量施肥对食葵产量及相关性的影响

Effects of planting density and reduced fertilization on sunflower yield and relativity

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Metrics

处理 Treat- ment	产量Yieid (kg/hm²)				差异性 Differentiation
处理 Treat- ment	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	平均	5%	1%
M₁	3 597.41	3 940.60	3 682.20	3 740.07	b	AB
M₂	4 081.91	4 344.35	3 900.23	4 108.83	a	A
M₃	3 819.48	3 880.04	3 799.29	3 832.93	ab	AB
M₄	3 456.10	3 742.76	3 573.19	3 590.68	b	B

处理 Treat- ment	产量Yieid (kg/hm²)				差异性 Differentiation
处理 Treat- ment	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	平均	5%	1%
M₁F₁	3 476.29	2 931.23	4 384.73	3 597.41	b	A
M₁F₂	3 900.23	3 960.79	3 960.79	3 940.60	ab	A
M₁F₃	3 597.41	3 851.78	3 597.41	3 682.20	ab	A
M₂F₁	3 900.23	4 203.04	4 142.48	4 081.91	ab	A
M₂F₂	3 960.79	4 445.29	4 626.98	4 344.35	a	A
M₂F₃	3 536.85	3 779.10	4 384.73	3 900.23	ab	A
M₃F₁	3 657.98	3 900.23	3 900.23	3 819.48	ab	A
M₃F₂	3 730.65	4 142.48	3 766.99	3 880.04	ab	A
M₃F₃	3 779.10	3 839.66	3 779.10	3 799.29	ab	A
M₄F₁	3 112.91	3 173.48	4 081.91	3 456.10	b	A
M₄F₂	3 597.41	3 851.78	3 779.10	3 742.76	ab	A
M₄F₃	3 536.85	4 009.24	3 173.48	3 573.19	b	A

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