有机酸添加对不同磷肥用量棉田磷素状况和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.020

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (9): 2247-2257.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.09.020

• 园艺特产·贮藏保鲜加工·土壤肥料·节水灌溉·草业·食品工艺技术 • 上一篇下一篇

有机酸添加对不同磷肥用量棉田磷素状况和产量的影响

马超(), 张凯(), 袁芳, 张楠, 盛建东, 张文太

新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2021-12-20 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2023-01-16
通信作者: 张凯（1986-），男，河南获嘉人，副教授，博士，研究生导师，研究方向为养分循环，（E-mail）zhangkai4595241@163.com
作者简介:马超（1997-），男，吉林大安人，硕士研究生，研究方向为肥料高效利用，（E-mail）2398097206@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“有机酸、有机肥和生物炭对新疆棉田磷肥无效化过程的阻控效应及机制”(41761067);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“新疆滴灌棉田磷肥迁移转化和无效化阻控研究”(2017D01A37);国家重点研发专项子课题“新疆棉花种植体系减磷增效研究”(2017YFD0200205-6);新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目“有机酸对新疆棉田土壤磷素有效性和棉花磷吸收的影响”(XJAUGRI2020015)

Effects of Organic acid Addition on Field Phosphorus Status and Yield in Cotton Field with Different Phosphorus Fertilization Rates in Xinjiang

MA Chao(), ZHANG Kai(), YUAN Fang, ZHANG Nan, SHENG Jiandong, ZHANG Wentai

College of Grass and Environmental Science， Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecology， Urumqi 830052， China

Received:2021-12-20 Published:2022-09-20 Online:2023-01-16
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China “Impacts and mechanisms of organic acid, organic fertilizer andbiochar amendment on invalidation processes of fertilized phosphorusin soils of cotton filed in Xinjiang ”(41761067);Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province “Transportation, transformation and prevention of invalidation processes of fertilized phosphorus in drip-irrigated cotton field in Xinjiang”(2017D01A37);The Nation Key Research and Development Program of China “Study of reducing phosphorus fertilizer amount and increasing economic efficiency in cotton field in Xinjiang”(2017YFD0200205-6);Xinjiang Agricultural University Graduate Research Innovation Project “Effects of Organic Acids on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Cotton Phosphorus Absorption in Xinjiang Cotton Field”(XJAUGRI2020015)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究有机酸添加对不同磷肥用量棉田磷素状况和产量的影响。【方法】 采用大田试验方法，在不同磷肥P₂O₅用量处理（0、50、100和150 kg/hm²）的基础上，设置对照（CK）和有机酸添加（OA）处理，测定棉花不同生育期土壤速效磷、植株生物量和吸磷量、籽棉产量、计算棉田磷肥利用率及磷平衡。【结果】 （1）随磷肥用量增加，土壤速效磷表现出先增加后略有降低趋势；在对照处理，土壤速效磷（花铃期和吐絮期）在MAP₁₀₀处理达到最大值，而在有机酸添加处理，土壤速效磷在MAP₅₀处理最高。（2）植株累积吸磷量表现出随施磷量增加而先增加后略有降低趋势；在对照处理，植株累积吸磷量在MAP₁₀₀处理达到最高，而在有机酸添加处理时，在MAP₅₀处理即达到最高；有机酸添加也提高了磷素向生殖器官的分配比例。（3）在对照处理，籽棉产量表现出随施磷量增加而增加趋势，在MAP₁₅₀处理产量最高（5 220 kg/hm²）；而在有机酸添加处理，籽棉产量表现出随施磷量增加而先增加后降低趋势，在MAP₁₀₀处理最高（5 194 kg/hm²）。（4）在不添加有机酸时，磷肥利用率表现出随施磷量增加而先升高后降低趋势，在MAP₁₀₀处理磷肥利用率最高（32.97%）；而在添加有机酸时，磷肥利用率表现出随施磷量增加而降低趋势，在MAP₅₀处理最高（32.92%）。【结论】 有机酸添加可在较低化学磷肥P₂O₅用量时（推荐用量：45 kg 有机酸+ 100 kg/hm²），提高土壤磷素有效性、植株吸磷量，促进磷素向生殖器官分配，提高籽棉产量和棉田磷肥利用率。

关键词: 棉花; 磷肥用量; 有机酸; 产量; 累积吸磷量

Abstract:

【Objective】 Effects of organic acid addition on field phosphorus status and yield in cotton field with different phosphorus fertilization rates in Xinjiang. 【Method】 In order to reduce the chemical phosphorus fertilization rate and improve phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in cotton field in Xinjiang， different treatments of phosphorus fertilization rates （0，50，100 and 150 kg P₂O₅/hm²， MAP0， MAP50， MAP100 and MAP150）， with and without organic acid addition （organic acid 45 kg/hm²， OA and control， CK） were set under the field conditions. The characteristics of soil available phosphorus， plant uptake and distribution and yield were measured， and phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and field phosphorus balance were calculated. 【Result】 （1） With the increase of P fertilization rate， soil Olsen-P showed a first increase and then slightly decrease trend； under CK treatment， Olsen-P （at flowering and bolling stage） reached the maximum value under MAP100 treatment， while under OA treatment， Olsen-P reached the maximum value under MAP50 treatment. （2） The plant P uptake showed a trend of first increase and then slightly decrease with the increase of P fertilization rate. In CK treatment， the plant P phosphorus uptake reached the highest level at MAP100 treatment， and reached the highest in MAP50 treatment when organic acids were added. The addition of organic acids also increased the proportion of phosphorus distribution to reproductive organs. （3） UnderCK treatment， the yield of seed cotton increased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the highest yield was 5，220 kg/hm² under MAP150 treatment. However， under OA treatment， the yield of seed cotton showed a first increase and then decrease trend with the increase of P fertilization rate， and reached the highest value under MAP100 treatment （5，194 kg/hm²）. （4） Under CK treatment， the P fertilizer use efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the P fertilizer use efficiency in MAP100 treatment was the highest （32.97%）； 【Conclusion】 however， under OA treatment（proposed dosage：45 kg OA+ 100 kg P₂O₅/hm²）， the P fertilizer use efficiency decreased with the increase of P fertilization rate， and the maximum P fertilizer use efficiency was 32.92% in MAP50 treatment. In conclusion， organic acid addition could improve soil phosphorus availability， plant phosphorus uptake， and distribution of phosphorus to reproductive organs at a lower chemical P fertilizer application rate， thus increasing seed cotton yield and P fertilizer use efficiency in cotton field.

Key words: cotton; phosphate fertilizer application rate; organic acids; production; plant phosphorus uptake

中图分类号:

S14∶S562

马超, 张凯, 袁芳, 张楠, 盛建东, 张文太. 有机酸添加对不同磷肥用量棉田磷素状况和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(9): 2247-2257.

MA Chao, ZHANG Kai, YUAN Fang, ZHANG Nan, SHENG Jiandong, ZHANG Wentai. Effects of Organic acid Addition on Field Phosphorus Status and Yield in Cotton Field with Different Phosphorus Fertilization Rates in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(9): 2247-2257.

图/表 9

参考文献 35

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灌水次数 Number of irrigation	灌水时间 Irrigation time	灌水量 Irrigation amount （m³/hm²）
出苗水 Application of water	2019/5/10	656.25
一水 First irrigation	2019/7/5	578.125
二水 Second irrigation	2019/7/16	273.43
三水 Third irrigation	2019/7/25	320.31
四水 Fourth irrigation	2019/8/5	554.68
五水 Fifth irrigation	2019/8/15	492.18
六水 Sixth irrigation	2019/8/24	359.375
总计 total		3 234.35

灌水次数 Number of irrigation	灌水时间 Irrigation time	灌水量 Irrigation amount （m³/hm²）
出苗水 Application of water	2019/5/10	656.25
一水 First irrigation	2019/7/5	578.125
二水 Second irrigation	2019/7/16	273.43
三水 Third irrigation	2019/7/25	320.31
四水 Fourth irrigation	2019/8/5	554.68
五水 Fifth irrigation	2019/8/15	492.18
六水 Sixth irrigation	2019/8/24	359.375
总计 total		3 234.35

时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	壳 Shell	蕾/铃/絮 Bud/Fiber	棉籽 Seed
花蕾期	MAP0+CK	3.62±0.74^d	7.64±1.57^d	7.77±1.16^c		2.23±0.02^ef
Bud	MAP0+OA	3.74±0.68^cd	7.52±2.49^d	8.76±1.28^b		1.99±0.15^f
Flower	MAP50+CK	4.50±0.92^a	8.41±1.64^c	8.44±1.57^bc		2.71±0.04^cd
	MAP50+OA	4.80±0.54^a	10.71±2.31^a	8.86±2.24^b		2.37±0.10^de
	MAP100+CK	3.97±0.81^b	7.79±0.13^cd	8.96±0.08^b		3.13±0.18^ab
	MAP100+OA	4.28±0.76^ab	10.88±1.08^a	11.10±1.72^a		2.93±0.02^bc
	MAP150+CK	3.77±0.74^cd	7.56±0.07^d	9.00±0.84^b		2.55±0.03^de
	MAP150+OA	4.45±0.69^a	9.49±1.46^b	11.03±1.59^a		3.34±0.07^a
花铃期	MAP0+CK	5.75±0.91^c	12.65±0.18^c	12.44±0.16^cd		16.89±0.12^d
Flower	MAP0+OA	6.71±0.52^ab	14.53±0.91^b	14.51±0.52^a		12.97±0.87^e
Boll	MAP50+CK	6.10±1.24^bc	15.14±1.28^b	13.35±0.67^bc		18.11±1.22^c
	MAP50+OA	6.38±0.09^bc	18.27±0.59^a	14.26±1.25^ab		20.53±0.91^ab
	MAP100+CK	7.25±0.74^a	12.46±0.09^c	13.41±1.49^b		20.31±0.54^ab
	MAP100+OA	7.22±1.28^a	12.92±1.04^c	14.92±0.81^a		19.49±0.81^b
	MAP150+CK	6.10±0.54^bc	12.84±0.52^c	14.31±0.54^ab		20.73±1.43^a
	MAP150+OA	6.17±0.14^bc	13.16±0.84^c	12.37±0.62^d		17.14±0.08^cd
吐絮期	MAP0+CK	9.33±0.04^d	19.38±0.13^b	14.6±0.16^d	18.34±0.50^b	12.79±0.04^c	20.30±1.91^d
Boll	MAP0+OA	9.67±0.58^d	18.62±0.81^b	15.63±0.81^d	14.53±0.81^d	14.25±0.56^c	22.46±1.08^c
Opening	MAP50+CK	10.85±1.05^c	22.2±1.04^a	21.44±1.02^a	22.16±1.08^a	19.69±1.45^a	25.65±0.82^a
	MAP50+OA	11.25±0.59^b	21.85±0.14^a	18.30±0.45^c	17.11±0.64^c	18.23±0.55^ab	24.65±1.54^b
	MAP100+CK	9.66±0.82^d	21.52±0.52^ab	19.61±1.14^bc	14.75±0.42^d	17.47±0.68^b	23.65±1.50^cd
	MAP100+OA	9.78±1.24^d	19.33±0.64^c	15.74±0.62^d	16.13±1.57^c	15.83±0.82^c	24.80±1.52^b
	MAP150+CK	10.81±0.52^bc	20.88±1.84^b	19.61±0.58^bc	19.74±0.14^ab	18.64±1.52^ab	22.00±2.02^cd
	MAP150+OA	11.9±0.08^a	20.27±0.75^b	20.63±0.55^ab	20.56±1.43^ab	19.30±0.81^a	24.82±1.62^b

时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	壳 Shell	蕾/铃/絮 Bud/Fiber	棉籽 Seed
花蕾期	MAP0+CK	3.62±0.74^d	7.64±1.57^d	7.77±1.16^c		2.23±0.02^ef
Bud	MAP0+OA	3.74±0.68^cd	7.52±2.49^d	8.76±1.28^b		1.99±0.15^f
Flower	MAP50+CK	4.50±0.92^a	8.41±1.64^c	8.44±1.57^bc		2.71±0.04^cd
	MAP50+OA	4.80±0.54^a	10.71±2.31^a	8.86±2.24^b		2.37±0.10^de
	MAP100+CK	3.97±0.81^b	7.79±0.13^cd	8.96±0.08^b		3.13±0.18^ab
	MAP100+OA	4.28±0.76^ab	10.88±1.08^a	11.10±1.72^a		2.93±0.02^bc
	MAP150+CK	3.77±0.74^cd	7.56±0.07^d	9.00±0.84^b		2.55±0.03^de
	MAP150+OA	4.45±0.69^a	9.49±1.46^b	11.03±1.59^a		3.34±0.07^a
花铃期	MAP0+CK	5.75±0.91^c	12.65±0.18^c	12.44±0.16^cd		16.89±0.12^d
Flower	MAP0+OA	6.71±0.52^ab	14.53±0.91^b	14.51±0.52^a		12.97±0.87^e
Boll	MAP50+CK	6.10±1.24^bc	15.14±1.28^b	13.35±0.67^bc		18.11±1.22^c
	MAP50+OA	6.38±0.09^bc	18.27±0.59^a	14.26±1.25^ab		20.53±0.91^ab
	MAP100+CK	7.25±0.74^a	12.46±0.09^c	13.41±1.49^b		20.31±0.54^ab
	MAP100+OA	7.22±1.28^a	12.92±1.04^c	14.92±0.81^a		19.49±0.81^b
	MAP150+CK	6.10±0.54^bc	12.84±0.52^c	14.31±0.54^ab		20.73±1.43^a
	MAP150+OA	6.17±0.14^bc	13.16±0.84^c	12.37±0.62^d		17.14±0.08^cd
吐絮期	MAP0+CK	9.33±0.04^d	19.38±0.13^b	14.6±0.16^d	18.34±0.50^b	12.79±0.04^c	20.30±1.91^d
Boll	MAP0+OA	9.67±0.58^d	18.62±0.81^b	15.63±0.81^d	14.53±0.81^d	14.25±0.56^c	22.46±1.08^c
Opening	MAP50+CK	10.85±1.05^c	22.2±1.04^a	21.44±1.02^a	22.16±1.08^a	19.69±1.45^a	25.65±0.82^a
	MAP50+OA	11.25±0.59^b	21.85±0.14^a	18.30±0.45^c	17.11±0.64^c	18.23±0.55^ab	24.65±1.54^b
	MAP100+CK	9.66±0.82^d	21.52±0.52^ab	19.61±1.14^bc	14.75±0.42^d	17.47±0.68^b	23.65±1.50^cd
	MAP100+OA	9.78±1.24^d	19.33±0.64^c	15.74±0.62^d	16.13±1.57^c	15.83±0.82^c	24.80±1.52^b
	MAP150+CK	10.81±0.52^bc	20.88±1.84^b	19.61±0.58^bc	19.74±0.14^ab	18.64±1.52^ab	22.00±2.02^cd
	MAP150+OA	11.9±0.08^a	20.27±0.75^b	20.63±0.55^ab	20.56±1.43^ab	19.30±0.81^a	24.82±1.62^b

时期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	根 Root （g P/kg）	茎 Stem （g P/kg）	叶 Leaf （g P/kg）	壳 Shell （g P/kg）	蕾/铃/絮 Bud/Fiber （g P/kg）	籽 Seed （g P/kg）
花蕾期	MAP0+CK	1.29±0.45^d	1.85±0.55^e	3.48±0.71^a		7.38±0.25^a
Bud	MAP0+OA	1.68±0.19^c	2.12±0.10^cd	3.20±0.21^de		7.17±0.16^ab
Flower	MAP50+CK	1.97±0.18^b	2.06±0.77^d	3.35±0.79^bc		6.86±0.11^bc
	MAP50+OA	2.11±0.62^ab	2.24±0.42^b	3.17±0.96^e		6.93±0.03^abc
	MAP100+CK	2.12±0.02^ab	2.34±0.09^a	3.41±0.84^ab		6.91±0.47^bc
	MAP100+OA	2.13±0.69^ab	2.16±0.47^bc	3.32±0.77^bc		7.11±0.63^ab
	MAP150+CK	2.00±0.71^ab	2.17±0.21^bc	3.35±0.32^bc		7.02±0.59^ab
	MAP150+OA	2.20±0.29^a	2.10±0.46^cd	3.30±0.54^cd		6.52±0.85^c
花铃期	MAP0+CK	1.69±0.46^e	2.43±0.81^e	2.86±0.67^a		3.51±0.13^c
Flower	MAP0+OA	1.87±0.61^cd	2.62±0.56^cd	2.79±0.76^a		3.62±0.15^b
Boll	MAP50+CK	1.80±0.74^cd	2.67±0.06^bc	2.75±0.97^ab		3.87±0.45^a
	MAP50+OA	2.03±0.22^a	2.76±0.94^ab	2.65±0.66^ab		3.73±0.22^ab
	MAP100+CK	2.11±0.32^a	2.87±0.19^a	2.92±0.15^a		3.76±0.73^ab
	MAP100+OA	2.00±0.43^ab	2.52±0.38^de	2.35±1.02^c		3.65±0.89^b
	MAP150+CK	1.90±0.54^bc	2.45±0.21^e	2.79±0.23^a		3.77±0.37^ab
	MAP150+OA	1.75±0.13^de	2.76±0.74^ab	2.50±0.38^bc		3.75±0.57^ab
吐絮期	MAP0+CK	1.52±0.23^d	1.07±0.34^d	2.44±0.05^a	2.28±0.24^ab	1.62±0.29^b	11.59±2.37^b
Boll	MAP0+OA	1.64±0.29^d	1.39±0.42^b	2.08±0.14^b	2.02±0.52^ab	1.67±0.08^b	12.45±1.90^b
Opening	MAP50+CK	1.91±0.87^ab	1.92±0.08^a	1.92±0.07^b	1.95±0.86^c	1.66±0.27^b	10.93±0.20^c
	MAP50+OA	1.84±0.15^b	1.46±0.18^ab	1.88±0.18^b	2.12±0.60^b	1.56±0.15^c	12.44±0.29^b
	MAP100+CK	1.75±0.67^c	1.30±0.13^c	1.82±0.14^bc	2.23±0.21^ab	1.41±0.19^d	14.07±0.24^a
	MAP100+OA	1.95±0.31^a	1.39±0.06^b	1.98±0.36^d	2.37±0.19^a	1.49±0.26^c	14.32±0.36^a
	MAP150+CK	1.86±0.85^b	1.42±0.17^ab	2.23±0.08^a	2.33±0.51^a	1.65±0.26^b	11.50±0.75^b
	MAP150+OA	1.75±0.70^c	1.35±0.16^b	1.68±0.14^bc	1.91±0.16^c	1.75±0.06^a	11.62±0.37^b

有机酸添加对不同磷肥用量棉田磷素状况和产量的影响

Effects of Organic acid Addition on Field Phosphorus Status and Yield in Cotton Field with Different Phosphorus Fertilization Rates in Xinjiang

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	单株铃数 Number of bolls （个/株）	单铃重 Single bell weight （g/铃）	密度 Density （10⁴株/hm²）	籽棉产量 cotton yield （kg/hm²）
MAP0+CK	6.95±0.02^d	5.28±0.03^c	11.75±0.96^b	4 107.70±187.25^d
MAP0+OA	7.37±0.18^cd	5.36±0.27^c	12.16±1.04^b	4 754.62±200.52^c
MAP50+CK	7.20±0.06^cd	5.58±0.02^a	12.51±0.22^a	4 858.08±158.54^c
MAP50+OA	7.66±0.13^b	5.51±0.52^ab	13.01±1.13^a	5 082.52±388.83^b
MAP100+CK	7.60±0.27^b	5.34±0.23^c	13.01±0.44^a	5 154.02±184.25^a
MAP100+OA	7.98±0.02^a	5.40±0.20^b	12.50±0.37^a	5 194.77±347.44^a
MAP150+CK	7.30±0.03^cd	5.50±0.07^ab	13.76±0.67^a	5 220.29±375.59^a
MAP150+OA	7.50±0.15^bc	5.43±0.13^b	13.26±0.73^a	5 010.52±210.43^bc

处理 Treatment	磷肥利用率 REP（%）	磷肥累积利用率 PUE（%）	磷肥农学效率 AE（kg/kg）	磷肥偏生产力 PEP（kg/kg）
MAP₀+CK	-	-	-	-
MAP₀+OA	-	-	-	-
MAP₅₀+CK	19.16	233.64	15.01	97.16
MAP₅₀+OA	32.92	260.97	19.50	101.65
MAP₁₀₀+CK	32.97	140.21	10.46	51.54
MAP₁₀₀+OA	27.40	141.42	10.87	51.95
MAP₁₅₀+CK	17.35	88.84	7.42	34.80
MAP₁₅₀+OA	13.93	89.94	6.02	33.40

处理 Treatment	磷素输入P₂O₅ Pinput （kg/hm²）			磷素输出P₂O₅ Poutput （kg/hm²）			磷素盈余P₂O₅ Psurplus （kg/hm²）
	磷肥 P fertilizer	棉种 Seed	合计 Total	棉絮 Wool	棉籽 Seed	合计 Total
	磷肥 P fertilizer	棉种 Seed	合计 Total	棉絮 Wool	棉籽 Seed	合计 Total
MAP₀+CK	0	1.17	1.17	5.58	63.31	68.88	-67.71
MAP₀+OA	0	1.17	1.17	6.63	77.87	84.49	-83.32
MAP₅₀+CK	50	1.17	51.17	9.34	80.32	89.66	-38.49
MAP₅₀+OA	50	1.17	51.17	8.47	91.36	99.83	-48.66
MAP₁₀₀+CK	100	1.17	101.17	7.34	99.14	106.48	-5.31
MAP₁₀₀+OA	100	1.17	101.17	6.75	101.66	108.41	-7.24
MAP₁₅₀+CK	150	1.17	151.17	9.68	79.66	89.35	61.82
MAP₁₅₀+OA	150	1.17	151.17	10.26	87.58	97.83	53.34

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