花期盐水滴灌对10份番茄种质的主要性状影响及耐盐性评价

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.10.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】测定10个不同番茄种质的主要植株及叶片生理性状,筛选优异的耐盐碱种质,为优异耐盐新品种改良提供参考依据。【方法】以10个不同番茄种质为试材,采用花期盐水滴灌处理,以清水滴灌为对照,采用NaCl配置的盐水(6 ms/cm)全生育期滴灌盐胁迫处理。测定盐胁迫后番茄植株的株高、茎粗、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)值、叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。【结果】花期盐水滴灌胁迫下,不同参试番茄材料的株高、茎粗和SPAD值均不同程度降低、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD和CAT 酶活性不同程度提高。采用隶属函数法和主成分分析法对10个不同番茄种质的耐盐性进行综合评价,由强到弱依次为C₃>C₁>C₅>C₉>C₈> C₂>C₇>C₆>C₁₀>C₄。【结论】花期盐水滴灌胁迫导致所有参试番茄材料叶片氧化损伤发生,生长受到抑制,并通过渗透调节和抗氧化酶促系统响应盐胁迫逆境。不同番茄材料对盐水滴灌胁迫的敏感性和耐受性存在差异。材料的耐盐性由强到弱依次为C₃>C₁>C₅>C₉>C₈>C₂>C₇>C₆>C₁₀>C₄。

关键词: 番茄; 耐盐性; 生理指标; 隶属函数; 主成分; 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 To determine the physiological characteristics of main plants and leaves of 10 different tomato germplasm by drip irrigation with saline at the flowering stage and screen out excellent salt-tolerant germplasm with a view to providing reference for the improvement of excellent salt-tolerant new varieties.【Method】 Ten different tomato germplasm were used as test materials, and clear water drip irrigation was taken as control.The salt water (6 ms/cm) configured with NaCl was employed for salt stress treatment during the whole growth period to determine the plant height, stem thickness, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) value, leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) activity.【Result】 Under the stress of saline drip irrigation at flowering stage, the plant height, stem thickness and SPAD value of different tested tomato materials were reduced to varying degrees, and the soluble protein content, SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities were increased to different degrees.The membership function method and principal component analysis method were used to comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of 10 different tomato germplasm, and the order from strong to weak was as follows: C₃>C₁>C₅>C₉>C₈> C₂>C₇>C₆>C₁₀>C₄.【Conclusion】 The stress of saline drip irrigation at the flowering stage causes oxidative damage to the leaves of all the tested tomato materials, and their growth was inhibited, and they responded to salt stress through osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzymatic systems.Different tomato materials have different sensitivity and tolerance to salt water drip irrigation.The salt resistance of the tested materials from strong to weak is: C₃>C₁>C₅>C₉>C₈>C₂>C₇>C₆>C₁₀>C₄.

Key words: tomato; salt tolerance; physiological index; membership function; principal component; comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

S641.2

廖扭, 刁明, 崔洪鑫, 牛宁, 刘慧英. 花期盐水滴灌对10份番茄种质的主要性状影响及耐盐性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(10): 2486-2494.

LIAO Niu, DIAO Ming, CUI Hongxin, NIU Ning, LIU Huiying. Effect of Drip Irrigation with Saltwater during Flowering on Main Characters of 10 Tomato Germplasm and Evaluation of Salt Tolerance[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(10): 2486-2494.

图/表 7

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材料 Material	株高Plant height(cm)			茎粗Stem diameter(mm)			SPAD值 SPAD valus
材料 Material	CK	NaCl	变化量 Variance	CK	NaCl	变化量 Variance	CK	NaCl	变化量 Variance
C₁	77.30±7.02^bcd	55.76±3.91^d	21.55^ab	15.25±0.75^abc	14.36±0.82^a	0.89^c	55.4±2.31^e	42.5±2.67^e	12.98^bc
C₂	82.83±8.58^b	62.52±1.23^bc	20.31^abc	15.56±1.51^ab	13.45±1.25^abc	2.12^ab	52.6±4.13^e	45.1±2.51^de	7.50^d
C₃	74.29±5.76^cd	57.35±2.56^cd	16.94^abc	16.00±1.07^a	14.00±1.33^ab	2.01^ab	72.0±1.83^a	53.4±3.12^bc	18.63^a
C₄	73.33±2.14^d	57.88±3.78^cd	15.45^bc	14.31±1.08^cd	13.70±1.78^abc	0.61^bc	54.7±1.90^e	46.5±0.97^d	8.22^d
C₅	81.95±3.19^b	59.52±5.61^bcd	22.43^a	11.66±1.68^e	9.67±0.78^f	1.99^abc	61.1±2.40^d	45.8±4.19^de	15.27^ab
C₆	60.94±4.62^e	46.28±4.82^e	14.65^c	14.52±1.67^bcd	11.60±1.23^e	2.92^a	65.8±1.84^b	59.2±3.74^b	6.68^d
C₇	71.49±10.48^d	55.08±2.36^d	16.42^abc	14.02±1.32^d	12.30±1.23^de	1.71^ab	67.4±0.96^b	59.5±3.25^a	7.95^d
C₈	92.72±1.61^a	71.09±6.57^a	21.63^ab	14.34±0.94^cd	12.96±1.22^bcd	1.38^bc	62.2±3.05^cd	52.0±3.47^c	10.22^cd
C₉	81.10±2.50^bc	65.18±7.19^b	15.92^bc	14.09±1.17^cd	11.62±0.71^e	2.46^ab	66.6±2.45^b	56.5±2.33^ab	10.09^cd
C₁₀	55.48±1.59^e	40.49±6.40^f	15.00^c	14.69±1.27^bcd	12.64±1.09^cde	2.05^ab	64.5±1.62^bc	57.4±1.99^b	7.12^d

材料 Material	株高Plant height(cm)			茎粗Stem diameter(mm)			SPAD值 SPAD valus
材料 Material	CK	NaCl	变化量 Variance	CK	NaCl	变化量 Variance	CK	NaCl	变化量 Variance
C₁	77.30±7.02^bcd	55.76±3.91^d	21.55^ab	15.25±0.75^abc	14.36±0.82^a	0.89^c	55.4±2.31^e	42.5±2.67^e	12.98^bc
C₂	82.83±8.58^b	62.52±1.23^bc	20.31^abc	15.56±1.51^ab	13.45±1.25^abc	2.12^ab	52.6±4.13^e	45.1±2.51^de	7.50^d
C₃	74.29±5.76^cd	57.35±2.56^cd	16.94^abc	16.00±1.07^a	14.00±1.33^ab	2.01^ab	72.0±1.83^a	53.4±3.12^bc	18.63^a
C₄	73.33±2.14^d	57.88±3.78^cd	15.45^bc	14.31±1.08^cd	13.70±1.78^abc	0.61^bc	54.7±1.90^e	46.5±0.97^d	8.22^d
C₅	81.95±3.19^b	59.52±5.61^bcd	22.43^a	11.66±1.68^e	9.67±0.78^f	1.99^abc	61.1±2.40^d	45.8±4.19^de	15.27^ab
C₆	60.94±4.62^e	46.28±4.82^e	14.65^c	14.52±1.67^bcd	11.60±1.23^e	2.92^a	65.8±1.84^b	59.2±3.74^b	6.68^d
C₇	71.49±10.48^d	55.08±2.36^d	16.42^abc	14.02±1.32^d	12.30±1.23^de	1.71^ab	67.4±0.96^b	59.5±3.25^a	7.95^d
C₈	92.72±1.61^a	71.09±6.57^a	21.63^ab	14.34±0.94^cd	12.96±1.22^bcd	1.38^bc	62.2±3.05^cd	52.0±3.47^c	10.22^cd
C₉	81.10±2.50^bc	65.18±7.19^b	15.92^bc	14.09±1.17^cd	11.62±0.71^e	2.46^ab	66.6±2.45^b	56.5±2.33^ab	10.09^cd
C₁₀	55.48±1.59^e	40.49±6.40^f	15.00^c	14.69±1.27^bcd	12.64±1.09^cde	2.05^ab	64.5±1.62^bc	57.4±1.99^b	7.12^d

材料 Material	POD活性(U/g)POD activity			SOD活性(U/g)SOD activity			CAT活性(U/g)CAT activity
材料 Material	CK	NaCl	增量 Incremet	CK	NaCl	增量 Incremet	CK	NaCl	增量 Incremet
C₁	350.03±20.93^cd	422.68±32.58^d	72.65^abc	374.52±18.73^de	672.00±32.78^cd	297.48^c	74.09±3.80^bcd	90.32±2.29^c	16.23d^e
C₂	300.753±12.48^d	392.77±63.16^d	92.02^a	443.84±18.43^bc	533.07±8.51^e	89.23^e	69.44±5.01^d	104.87±4.40^b	36.44^c
C₃	418.523±53.08^c	500.61±37.47^c	82.09^ab	317.09±46.75^e	729.42±38.19^c	412.33^b	79.40±3.97^b	89.05±2.65^c	9.65^e
C₄	336.063±15.09^cd	399.49±43.02^d	63.43^abc	497.04±14.86^b	668.14±58.01^cd	171.10^de	70.98±5.24^cd	93.35±3.66^c	22.37^d
C₅	408.463±37.82^c	417.59±14.59^d	9.12^c	571.60±35.79^a	962.99±29.87^a	391.39^b	52.30±2.59^e	105.29±4.93^b	52.99^b
C₆	335.243±54.36^cd	368.99±43.41^d	33.75^abc	436.29±29.95^bc	869.83±90.60^b	434.54^ab	76.44±3.19^bcd	91.49±4.48^c	15.05^de
C₇	352.89±39.89^cd	370.97±10.12^d	18.08^bc	448.75±21.33^bc	651.53±40.53^cd	202.77^d	77.33±5.80^bc	93.46±5.88^c	16.13^de
C₈	634.50±16.36^a	696.15±54.16^a	61.65^abc	466.50±31.98^bc	991.88±59.11^a	525.38^a	87.17±2.29^a	159.42±6.62^a	72.25^a
C₉	544.15±60.56^b	581.11±37.88^b	36.96^abc	419.91±47.05^cd	626.83±72.90^d	206.93^d	70.85±4.44^cd	109.82±6.72^b	38.97^c
C₁₀	521.93±81.80^b	537.93±41.12^bc	16.00^bc	342.25±44.39^e	850.15±32.12^b	507.90^a	86.40±3.16^a	106.17±7.31^b	19.77^d

材料 Material	POD活性(U/g)POD activity			SOD活性(U/g)SOD activity			CAT活性(U/g)CAT activity
材料 Material	CK	NaCl	增量 Incremet	CK	NaCl	增量 Incremet	CK	NaCl	增量 Incremet
C₁	350.03±20.93^cd	422.68±32.58^d	72.65^abc	374.52±18.73^de	672.00±32.78^cd	297.48^c	74.09±3.80^bcd	90.32±2.29^c	16.23d^e
C₂	300.753±12.48^d	392.77±63.16^d	92.02^a	443.84±18.43^bc	533.07±8.51^e	89.23^e	69.44±5.01^d	104.87±4.40^b	36.44^c
C₃	418.523±53.08^c	500.61±37.47^c	82.09^ab	317.09±46.75^e	729.42±38.19^c	412.33^b	79.40±3.97^b	89.05±2.65^c	9.65^e
C₄	336.063±15.09^cd	399.49±43.02^d	63.43^abc	497.04±14.86^b	668.14±58.01^cd	171.10^de	70.98±5.24^cd	93.35±3.66^c	22.37^d
C₅	408.463±37.82^c	417.59±14.59^d	9.12^c	571.60±35.79^a	962.99±29.87^a	391.39^b	52.30±2.59^e	105.29±4.93^b	52.99^b
C₆	335.243±54.36^cd	368.99±43.41^d	33.75^abc	436.29±29.95^bc	869.83±90.60^b	434.54^ab	76.44±3.19^bcd	91.49±4.48^c	15.05^de
C₇	352.89±39.89^cd	370.97±10.12^d	18.08^bc	448.75±21.33^bc	651.53±40.53^cd	202.77^d	77.33±5.80^bc	93.46±5.88^c	16.13^de
C₈	634.50±16.36^a	696.15±54.16^a	61.65^abc	466.50±31.98^bc	991.88±59.11^a	525.38^a	87.17±2.29^a	159.42±6.62^a	72.25^a
C₉	544.15±60.56^b	581.11±37.88^b	36.96^abc	419.91±47.05^cd	626.83±72.90^d	206.93^d	70.85±4.44^cd	109.82±6.72^b	38.97^c
C₁₀	521.93±81.80^b	537.93±41.12^bc	16.00^bc	342.25±44.39^e	850.15±32.12^b	507.90^a	86.40±3.16^a	106.17±7.31^b	19.77^d

测定指标 Fluency indices	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	C₇	C₈	C₉	C₁₀
株高Plant height	0.458 2	0.576 3	0.734 3	0.543 6	0.670 2	0.612 3	0.577 8	0.676 5	0.617 7	0.519 0
茎粗Stem diameter	0.505 5	0.595 4	0.482 0	0.539 4	0.513 2	0.535 2	0.479 5	0.588 6	0.552 4	0.496 2
SPAD值	0.495 0	0.564 5	0.410 5	0.553 4	0.563 4	0.515 6	0.329 5	0.447 2	0.523 9	0.513 3
过氧化氢酶Catalase	0.422 6	0.474 2	0.663 7	0.393 6	0.538 1	0.546 6	0.404 3	0.454 4	0.522 1	0.359 8
过氧化物酶Peroxidase	0.405 7	0.437 0	0.474 9	0.415 0	0.500 7	0.590 5	0.542 6	0.381 9	0.509 4	0.570 4
超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase	0.495 9	0.443 9	0.478 8	0.333 4	0.483 1	0.451 1	0.335 9	0.391 6	0.373 0	0.421 9
丙二醛Malondialdehyde	0.515 8	0.597 5	0.520 7	0.378 4	0.513 5	0.498 2	0.484 6	0.515 0	0.448 7	0.368 9
可溶性蛋白Soluble protein	0.655 9	0.483 2	0.544 8	0.380 3	0.529 5	0.349 6	0.348 4	0.500 0	0.541 7	0.333 3