延迟化控对干旱复水后棉花株型塑造及产量构成的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究干旱复水背景下的化学调控棉花增产稳产可行性,为农业植棉生产提供理论指导。【方法】模拟田间干旱背景条件,采用裂区设计,主区设置人工打顶与化学封顶2种打顶方式,副区设置干旱复水后3、6、9 d喷施低量缩节胺和无缩节胺喷施对照处理,分析延迟化控条件下,棉花的株型结构及产量变化。【结果】棉花的株高、主茎节间长度、果枝长度、倒四叶叶面积、株宽横截面面积及籽棉产量均与喷施缩节胺延迟天数呈负相关,延迟6 d缩节胺处理棉花相较于延迟9 d处理和对照处理增产显著,株型更为紧凑,在棉花茎粗、果枝夹角等指标上优于延迟3 d处理,可有效防止棉花早衰。相较于人工打顶,化学封顶提高了棉花主茎叶片数、倒四叶叶面积、伏桃个数和籽棉产量,在棉花株高及其他农艺指标上与人工打顶差异不显著。【结论】棉花蕾期受干旱胁迫后,适当延迟6 d喷施低量缩节胺,采用化学封顶,能够激发受干旱胁迫后棉花的补偿效应,最大限度的发挥棉花增产稳产的潜力,棉花产量最高。

关键词: 棉花; 化学封顶; 缩节胺; 延迟化控; 株型; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the feasibility of increasing and stabilizing yield by chemical regulation under the background of drought and rehydration in the hope of providing some theoretical guidance for cotton planting production. 【Methods】 By simulating the field drought background, the main area was set with two ways of artificial topping and chemical topping, and the secondary area was set with a control treatment of low amount spraying on 3, 6 and 9 d and no amount of DPC after date with the drought and rehydration to study the changes of plant structure and yield under delayed chemical control condition. 【Results】 The plant height, internode length of main stem, length of fruit branch, leaf area of four inverted leaves, and width area were negatively correlated with the delayed days of DPC in spraying. Compared with the delayed 9 d and control treatment, plant type of delayed 6 d treatment was more compact, which was superior to the delayed 3 d treatment in terms of cotton stem diameter, fruit branch angle and other indexes, and could effectively prevent presenility of cotton. Compared with artificial topping, chemical topping improved the number of stems and leaves, the area of inverted four-leaf and the number of volts, but the difference in plant height and other agronomic indexes was not significant. 【Conclusion】 After the cotton bud was subjected to drought stress, spraying a low amount of DPC with a delay of 6 days and using chemical topping could stimulate the compensation effect of cotton under drought stress and maximize the potential of increasing and stabilizing yield of cotton, thus ensuring the highest possible yield.

Key words: cotton; chemical topping; DPC; delayed chemical control; plant type; yield

中图分类号:

S562

何庆雨, 张巨松, 代建敏, 窦巧巧, 谢玲. 延迟化控对干旱复水后棉花株型塑造及产量构成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(1): 11-19.

HE Qingyu, ZHANG Jusong, DAI Jianmin, DOU Qiaoqiao, XIE Ling. Effects of Delayed Chemical Control on the Shaping of Plant Type and Yield Composition after Drought and Rehydration in Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(1): 11-19.

图/表 7

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土层深度 Soil depth(cm)	日期(M/D)
土层深度 Soil depth(cm)	5/25	5/28	5/31	6/3	6/6	6/9	6/12	6/15	6/18	6/21
0~20	8.4	8.6	8.9	9.1	8.6	8.1	-	14.8	18.3	14.3
20~40	12.0	11.6	11.0	10.6	11.0	11.0	-	18.4	21.8	17.1
均值	10.2	10.1	10.0	9.9	9.8	9.6	-	16.6	20.1	15.7

土层深度 Soil depth(cm)	日期(M/D)
土层深度 Soil depth(cm)	5/25	5/28	5/31	6/3	6/6	6/9	6/12	6/15	6/18	6/21
0~20	8.4	8.6	8.9	9.1	8.6	8.1	-	14.8	18.3	14.3
20~40	12.0	11.6	11.0	10.6	11.0	11.0	-	18.4	21.8	17.1
均值	10.2	10.1	10.0	9.9	9.8	9.6	-	16.6	20.1	15.7

打顶方式 Topping mode	处理 Treat ment	主茎叶片数 Number leaves (个)	主茎节间长度 Internode length (cm)	果枝台数 Number fruit branch (台)	果枝长度 Fruit branch length (cm)	果枝夹角 Fruit branch angle (度)	始果枝高度 Branch high envoy (cm)	始果枝节位 Starting fruit node (节)	倒四叶叶面积 Top tourth leaf area (cm²⁾
人工打顶 Manual topping	CK	15.4±1.3^a	6.6±0.4^a	9.7±1.7^a	11.9±1.9^a	60.5±0.5^a	21.6±3.8^a	5.9±0.6^a	74.5±0.7^a
	D₃	15.5±1.1^a	5.6±0.4^b	10.3±0.7^a	7.3±1.8^d	56.3±1.1^b	18.5±1.7^a	5.9±0.7^a	55.1±0.1^d
	D₆	15.3±0.9^a	5.5±0.2^b	10.1±0.7^a	9.3±1.3^bcd	51.8±1.6^c	18.8±0.6^a	5.6±0.8^a	68.6±2.0^b
	D₉	15.5±0.8^a	5.8±0.1^b	10.3±0.7^a	11.1±0.5^ab	58±1.1^b	19.9±2.9^a	5.9±0.9^a	60.2±0.8^c
化学封顶 Chemical capping	CK	16.9±1.2^a	7.1±0.2^a	10.1±1.3^a	12.3±1.2^a	61.4±2.5^a	19.5±1.6^a	5.8±1.0^a	78.5±0.4^ab
	D₃	16±0.8^a	4.9±0.2^c	10.3±0.8^a	8.6±0.3^cd	57.1±0.9^b	20.5±2.3^a	5.6±0.1^a	73.4±2.0^b
	D₆	16.2±1.5^a	6±0.2^b	10.3±1.1^a	10.9±0.2^abc	51.5±0.9^c	18.8±2.8^a	5.8±0.4^a	74.9±2.8^b
	D₉	16.3±1.2^a	6±0.5^b	10.4±1.1^a	9.3±1.3^bcd	56.1±0.9^b	20.3±1.4^a	5.6±0.5^a	82±1.4^a

打顶方式 Topping mode	处理 Treat ment	主茎叶片数 Number leaves (个)	主茎节间长度 Internode length (cm)	果枝台数 Number fruit branch (台)	果枝长度 Fruit branch length (cm)	果枝夹角 Fruit branch angle (度)	始果枝高度 Branch high envoy (cm)	始果枝节位 Starting fruit node (节)	倒四叶叶面积 Top tourth leaf area (cm²⁾
人工打顶 Manual topping	CK	15.4±1.3^a	6.6±0.4^a	9.7±1.7^a	11.9±1.9^a	60.5±0.5^a	21.6±3.8^a	5.9±0.6^a	74.5±0.7^a
	D₃	15.5±1.1^a	5.6±0.4^b	10.3±0.7^a	7.3±1.8^d	56.3±1.1^b	18.5±1.7^a	5.9±0.7^a	55.1±0.1^d
	D₆	15.3±0.9^a	5.5±0.2^b	10.1±0.7^a	9.3±1.3^bcd	51.8±1.6^c	18.8±0.6^a	5.6±0.8^a	68.6±2.0^b
	D₉	15.5±0.8^a	5.8±0.1^b	10.3±0.7^a	11.1±0.5^ab	58±1.1^b	19.9±2.9^a	5.9±0.9^a	60.2±0.8^c
化学封顶 Chemical capping	CK	16.9±1.2^a	7.1±0.2^a	10.1±1.3^a	12.3±1.2^a	61.4±2.5^a	19.5±1.6^a	5.8±1.0^a	78.5±0.4^ab
	D₃	16±0.8^a	4.9±0.2^c	10.3±0.8^a	8.6±0.3^cd	57.1±0.9^b	20.5±2.3^a	5.6±0.1^a	73.4±2.0^b
	D₆	16.2±1.5^a	6±0.2^b	10.3±1.1^a	10.9±0.2^abc	51.5±0.9^c	18.8±2.8^a	5.8±0.4^a	74.9±2.8^b
	D₉	16.3±1.2^a	6±0.5^b	10.4±1.1^a	9.3±1.3^bcd	56.1±0.9^b	20.3±1.4^a	5.6±0.5^a	82±1.4^a

打顶方式 Topping mode	处理 Treat ment	收获株数 Plant number (10⁴株/hm²)	单株结铃数 Boll number per plant (个)	单铃重 Single boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percentage (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/hm²)	皮棉产量 Lint cotton yield (kg/hm²)
人工打顶 Manual topping	CK	24.7^a	4.3^b	5.3^c	45.0^a	5 602.7^d	2 523.9^c
	D₃	24.1^a	4.7^ab	5.5^ab	45.8^a	6 220.9^bcd	2 844.3^ab
	D₆	24.8^a	5.0^a	5.5^bc	45.4^a	6 884.3^ab	3 128.9^a
	D₉	24.4^a	4.9^a	5.7^ab	45.4^a	6 733.7^abc	3 058.6^a
化学封顶 Chemical capping	CK	24.2^a	4.5^ab	5.5^abc	44.7^a	6 008.4^cd	2 701.0^bc
	D₃	24.5^a	4.9^a	5.7^a	45.2^a	6 915.5^ab	3 121.6^a
	D₆	24.2^a	5.1^a	5.7^ab	45.1^a	7 033.0^a	3 169.8^a
	D₉	24.7^a	4.7^ab	5.6^ab	45.5^a	6 496.9^abc	2 949.9^ab