化肥配施复合微生物肥料对土壤养分及酶活性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究施用不同比例复合微生物肥料对种植小白菜土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响,为新型复合微生物肥料应用于小白菜种植提供理论指导。【方法】设置田间试验,共设6个处理:CK对照(单施化肥)、T₁(化肥+复合微生物肥20%)、T₂(化肥+复合微生物肥40%)、T₃(化肥+复合微生物肥60%)、T₄(化肥+复合微生物肥80%)、T₅(化肥+复合微生物肥100%),分析小白菜土壤pH值、有机质和土壤全养分含量的变化及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶在不同处理间的变化。【结果】与CK处理相比,施不同比例的复合微生物肥料可有效提高小白菜土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量,各处理之间大小顺序处理T₅> T₄> T₃> T₂> T₁> CK。可有效保持土壤酸碱度,pH值7.75~8.01。CK处理与T₅处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】复合微生物肥料可降低土壤酸碱度,显著提高土壤的养分含量,影响土壤酶活性,其中T₅处理的效果最佳,使用化肥配施复合微生物肥料种植小白菜效果佳。

关键词: 复合微生物肥料; 小白菜; 土壤酶活性; 土壤养分; 土壤酸碱度

Abstract:

【Objective】 Investigate the effects of applying different ratios of compound microbial fertilizers on the soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities of planting cabbage, as well as to provide theoretical guidance for the application of new compound microbial fertilizers to cabbage planting, field experiments were conducted. 【Methods】 A total of six treatments were set up including CK control (chemical fertilizer alone), T₁ (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 20%), T₂ (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 40%), T₃ (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 60%), T₄ (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 80%), and T₅ (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 100%) and the changes of soil pH value, organic matter, and soil total nutrient content of cabbage were investigated and soil peroxidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase among different treatments were studied. 【Results】 Compared with CK treatment, the application of different ratios of composite microbial fertilizers could effectively increase the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in cabbage soil, the size order between the treatments: treatment T₅> T₄> T₃> T₂> T₁> CK. They could effectively maintain the soil acidity and alkalinity, the pH value range between 7.75 and 8.01. And the difference between the CK treatment and the other T₅ treatments was significant (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Compound microbial fertilizer can reduce soil pH value, significantly increase the nutrient content of the soil, and affect soil enzyme activity, of which T₅ treatment has the best effect. The use of chemical fertilizers with compound microbial fertilizer planting cabbage can achieve good results.

Key words: compound microbial fertilizer; Chinese cabbage; soil enzyme activity; soil nutrients; soil pH

中图分类号:

孔都斯·帕尔哈提, 司艳娥, 吐尔逊·吐尔洪, 艾克拜尔·伊拉洪. 化肥配施复合微生物肥料对土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(6): 1488-1495.

Kongdusi Paerhati, SI Yan'e, Tuerxun Tuerhong, Aikebaier Yilahong. Effects of chemical fertilizers with compound microbial fertilizers on soil nutrients and enzyme activities[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(6): 1488-1495.

图/表 7

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处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶长 Leaf length (cm)	叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	叶片数/片 Number of blades (piece)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
CK	18.53±0.21^d	13.02±0.33^e	6.85±0.11^c	7.87±0.31^c	58.89±1.47^e
T₁	19.93±0.10^c	13.47±0.33^de	7.23±0.09^b	8.43±0.21^b	64.22±0.87^d
T₂	20.12±0.10^c	13.76±0.18^d	9.05±0.33^b	8.43±0.12^b	82.16±2.37^c
T₃	21.07±0.58^b	14.35±0.19^c	9.12±0.21^b	8.47±0.12^b	86.37±3.02^bc
T₄	21.47±0.11^b	14.85±0.20^b	9.27±0.33^b	8.73±0.12^ab	90.92±3.86^b
T₅	22.69±0.48^a	15.43±0.14^a	10.32±0.37^a	8.87±0.21^a	105.05±2.83^a

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶长 Leaf length (cm)	叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	叶片数/片 Number of blades (piece)	叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)
CK	18.53±0.21^d	13.02±0.33^e	6.85±0.11^c	7.87±0.31^c	58.89±1.47^e
T₁	19.93±0.10^c	13.47±0.33^de	7.23±0.09^b	8.43±0.21^b	64.22±0.87^d
T₂	20.12±0.10^c	13.76±0.18^d	9.05±0.33^b	8.43±0.12^b	82.16±2.37^c
T₃	21.07±0.58^b	14.35±0.19^c	9.12±0.21^b	8.47±0.12^b	86.37±3.02^bc
T₄	21.47±0.11^b	14.85±0.20^b	9.27±0.33^b	8.73±0.12^ab	90.92±3.86^b
T₅	22.69±0.48^a	15.43±0.14^a	10.32±0.37^a	8.87±0.21^a	105.05±2.83^a

处理 Treatments	苗期 Seedling stage	中期 Midterm	收获期 Harvest time
CK	7.87±0.07^bc	7.92±0.09^a	7.98±0.04^a
T₁	7.92±0.02^b	7.90±0.05^a	7.89±0.07^ab
T₂	7.87±0.02^bc	7.90±0.04^a	7.83±0.08^b
T₃	7.93±0.06^b	7.87±0.06^a	7.89±0.05^ab
T₄	7.78±0.15^bc	7.83±0.10^a	7.82±0.07^b
T₅	7.72±0.06^c	7.87±0.05^a	7.87±0.08^ab

处理 Treatments	苗期 Seedling stage	中期 Midterm	收获期 Harvest time
CK	7.87±0.07^bc	7.92±0.09^a	7.98±0.04^a
T₁	7.92±0.02^b	7.90±0.05^a	7.89±0.07^ab
T₂	7.87±0.02^bc	7.90±0.04^a	7.83±0.08^b
T₃	7.93±0.06^b	7.87±0.06^a	7.89±0.05^ab
T₄	7.78±0.15^bc	7.83±0.10^a	7.82±0.07^b
T₅	7.72±0.06^c	7.87±0.05^a	7.87±0.08^ab

处理 Treat- ments	w土壤有机质 Organic matter content ( g/kg)	w土壤全氮 Total N content ( g/kg)	w土壤全磷 Total P content (g/kg)	w土壤全钾 Total K content (mg/kg)
CK	32.88±0.45^e	1.09±0.50^d	2.58±0.23^bc	9.91±0.55^e
T₁	34.77±0.21^d	1.02±0.20^d	2.85±0.59^b	12.06±0.27^d
T₂	35.69±0.40^cd	1.18±0.15^cd	2.96±0.53^b	12.51±0.14^cd
T₃	36.45±0.18^c	1.27±0.35^bc	2.94±0.25^b	13.02±0.15^bc
T₄	37.88±0.28^b	1.36±0.20^b	3.01±0.33^a	13.46±0.26^ab
T₅	41.56±0.08^a	1.40±0.40^b	3.05±0.08^a	13.71±0.26^a