生物药剂复配对棉花黄萎病防治及生长发育的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究生物药剂复配对棉花黄萎病防治效果及生长发育的影响,为棉花植株健康生长提供理论依据。【方法】于2022年进行大田试验,选用棉花品种为新陆中42号。药剂以80%乙蒜素乳油药液、亚磷酸钾、谷胱甘肽为基础,分别为复配抗病毒专用型助剂(T₁)、复合微生物菌肥(T₂)、15%噁霉灵(T₃)、5%辛菌胺醋酸盐(T₄)、25%吡唑醚菌酯(T₅),分析不同药剂对棉花黄萎病防治效果,农艺性状及产量的影响。【结果】各处理对棉花病害防治效果显著,对棉花生长表现出一定的促进作用,增加棉花株高、果枝数和蕾铃数。其中T₂处理较T₁和T₃处理对棉花黄萎病防治效果提高19.99%、23.34%,T₁、T₂处理较CK处理铃数增加1.8个、2.67个。T₂处理的籽棉产量为6 104.86 kg/hm²,较其他处理产量最高并差异显著。【结论】滴施复合微生物菌肥+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽(T₂)可提高黄萎病防治效果,增加蕾数铃数和单株结铃数,从而显著增加棉花产量。

关键词: 棉花; 生物药剂; 复配; 黄萎病; 防治效果; 生长发育

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to explore the effects of biological pesticide combinations on cotton Verticillium wilt control and growth, and provide theoretical basis for the healthy growth of cotton plants. 【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in 2022, with Xinluzhong 42 as the experimental variety and drip application as the main method applying 80% ethyl allicin emulsifiable concentrate of 1.5 kg/hm² and potassium phosphite of 15 L/hm² based on a glutathione content of 0.3 kg/hm², they were compounded with antiviral agents (T₁, 0.15 L/hm²), composite microbial fertilizer (T₂, 30 L/hm²), 15% oxamycin (T₃, 2.25 kg/hm²), 5% octambumide acetate (T₄, 1.5 kg/hm²), and 25% pyrazolin (T₅, 2.25 L/hm²), respectively; The effects of different pesticides on cotton disease control, agronomic traits, and yield were analyzed. 【Results】The results showed that each treatment had significant control effects on cotton diseases, promoted cotton growth to a certain extent, and increased cotton plant height, number of fruit branches, and number of buds and bolls. The control effect of T₂ treatment on cotton diseases was 19.99% and 23.34% higher than that of T₁ and T₃ treatment, and the number of bolls in T₁ and T₂ treatment increased by 1.8 and 2.67 compared to CK treatment. The seed cotton yield of T₂ treatment was 6,104.86 kg/hm², which had the highest yield and reached significance than other treatments. 【Conclusion】Under the experimental conditions, drip application of compound microbial fertilizer+80% acetoallin EC+potassium phosphite+glutathione (T₂) can improve the disease control effect to a certain extent, increase the number of buds and bolls per plant, and significantly increase yield.

Key words: cotton; biopharmaceutical; compounding; Verticillium wilt; control effect; growth and development

中图分类号:

S435.62

马百幻, 赵强, 谢佳, 徐开玥, 任若飞, 宋兴虎. 生物药剂复配对棉花黄萎病防治及生长发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1748-1756.

MA Baihuan, ZHAO Qiang, XIE Jia, XU Kaiyue, REN Ruofei, SONG Xinghu. Effects of biopharmaceutical mixture on the control and growth of cotton Verticillium wilt[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1748-1756.

图/表 8

参考文献 37

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试验编号 Test number	试验处理 Test treatments	剂量Dosage (kg/hm²或L/hm²)
T₁	抗病毒专用型助剂+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	0.15 L/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+15 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₂	复合微生物菌肥+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	30 L/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₃	15%噁霉灵+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	2.25 kg/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₄	5%辛菌胺醋酸盐+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₅	25%吡唑醚菌酯+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	2.25 L/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
CK	清水	/

试验编号 Test number	试验处理 Test treatments	剂量Dosage (kg/hm²或L/hm²)
T₁	抗病毒专用型助剂+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	0.15 L/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+15 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₂	复合微生物菌肥+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	30 L/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₃	15%噁霉灵+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	2.25 kg/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₄	5%辛菌胺醋酸盐+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
T₅	25%吡唑醚菌酯+80%乙蒜素乳油+亚磷酸钾+谷胱甘肽	2.25 L/hm²+1.5 kg/hm²+1.5 L/hm²+0.3 kg/hm²
CK	清水	/

级别 Grade	分级标准 Test processing	级值 Value
0级 Level 0	健株,整个植株叶片无病症	0
1级 Level 1	病株叶片有25%以下显病状,叶片主脉间产生淡黄色不规则病斑	1
2级 Level 2	病株叶片有25%-50%显病状,病斑颜色大部分变为黄色和黄褐色,叶片边缘有卷枯	2
3级 Level 3	病株叶片有50%以上显病状,病斑颜色为黄褐色,叶片边缘卷枯,有少数叶片掉落	3
4级 Level 4	病株叶脱落成光杆及植株死亡,或是出现急性死亡症状	4

级别 Grade	分级标准 Test processing	级值 Value
0级 Level 0	健株,整个植株叶片无病症	0
1级 Level 1	病株叶片有25%以下显病状,叶片主脉间产生淡黄色不规则病斑	1
2级 Level 2	病株叶片有25%-50%显病状,病斑颜色大部分变为黄色和黄褐色,叶片边缘有卷枯	2
3级 Level 3	病株叶片有50%以上显病状,病斑颜色为黄褐色,叶片边缘卷枯,有少数叶片掉落	3
4级 Level 4	病株叶脱落成光杆及植株死亡,或是出现急性死亡症状	4

处理 Treatments	调查株数 Investigated plants	药后11 d 11 days after spraying fungicides		药后21 d 21 days after spraying fungicides		药后30 d 30 days after spraying fungicides
处理 Treatments	调查株数 Investigated plants	发病率 Incidence (%)	病情指数 Disease index	发病率 Incidence (%)	病情指数 Disease index	发病率 Incidence (%)	病情指数 Disease index
T₁	300	11.33^b	3.75±0.90^cd	20.33^c	8.50±1.75^c	31.67^cd	15.00±1.80^c
T₂	300	8.33^c	2.75±0.25^d	19.33^c	8.25±1.80^c	28.67^d	14.75±0.66^c
T₃	300	12.33^b	3.92±0.14^cd	22.67^bc	9.25±1.09^bc	32.00^cd	15.50±0.25^bc
T₄	300	14.00^b	5.50±0.43^b	26.33^b	12.00±0.43^b	34.33^bc	16.83±0.52^b
T₅	300	12.00^b	4.50±0.90^bc	24.00^bc	11.08±0.63^bc	38.33^b	16.33±0.38^bc
CK	300	21.67^a	7.75±1.09^a	38.00^a	17.58±3.21^a	45.33^a	23.08±0.52^a