根瘤菌接种对减施氮肥条件下鹰嘴豆干物质积累及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究根瘤菌接种对鹰嘴豆生长发育的影响及减施氮肥条件下固氮效果。【方法】以木鹰1号为材料,设C₁(根瘤菌A、1/2氮)、C₂(根瘤菌B、1/2氮)、C₃(根瘤菌A、不施氮)、C₄(根瘤菌B、不施氮)和CK₁(不接菌、施全氮)、CK₂(不接菌,1/2氮)、CK₃(不接菌,不施氮)共7个处理,测定各处理鹰嘴豆的根瘤鲜重、叶绿素含量、干重、产量及其构成因素等指标。【结果】接种根瘤菌的处理鲜重显著增长,干物质积累量在生育后期表现为C₁ > C₂ > CK₁ > CK₂ > C₃ > C₄ > CK₃。随着生育期的推进,根瘤菌接种显著提高了植株叶绿素含量。C₁、C₂处理下的鹰嘴豆的单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重以及产量升高,C₁处理下的产量为1 928.84 kg/hm²,与全氮对照相比增产8.83%;C₂处理下的产量为1 827.59 kg/hm²,增产3.11%。【结论】根瘤菌接种下,鹰嘴豆减施氮肥可稳产、增产,且以1/2氮肥加根瘤菌A效果最好。

关键词: 鹰嘴豆; 氮肥; 根瘤菌; 干物质; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To understand the effect of rhizobia inoculation on the growth and development of chickpea and the effect of nitrogen fixation under reduced nitrogen fertilizer.【Methods】 Using Muying1 as the test material, set C₁ (rhizobium A, 1/2 nitrogenfertilizer), C₂ (rhizobium B, 1/2 nitrogenfertilizer), C₃ (rhizobium A. No nitrogen fertilizer), C₄ (rhizobium B, no nitrogen fertilizer), CK₁ (no inoculation, total nitrogen fertilizer), CK₂ (no inoculation, 1/2 nitrogenfertilizer), CK₃ (no inoculation, no nitrogen fertilizer). A total of 7 treatments, measuring the nodule fresh weight, chlorophyll content, dry weight and and its constituent factors of chickpeas in each treatment. 【Results】 The fresh weight of rhizobia inoculated treatment increased significantly, and the dry matter accumulation showed: C₁>C₂> CK₁> CK₂> C₃> C₄> CK₃ in the later biological stage. As the growth period progressed, inoculation with rhizobia increased the chlorophyll content. Main stem pods, seeds per plant, grain weight per plant and yield of chickpea under C₁ and C₂ treatments increased. The yield under the C₁ treatment was 1,928.84 kg/hm², which was 8.83% higher than that of the total nitrogen control; the yield under C₂ treatment was 1,827.59 kg/hm², with an increase of 3.11%.【Conclusion】 It is possible to achieve stable yield or even increase the yield of chickpea under the condition of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by inoculation of rhizobia, and 1/2 nitrogen fertilizer plus rhizobia A has the best effect.

Key words: chickpea; nitrogen fertilizer; rhizobia; dry matter; yield

中图分类号:

S529

黄贵斌, 关耀兵, 牛永岐, 周丽蕾, 赵永峰. 根瘤菌接种对减施氮肥条件下鹰嘴豆干物质积累及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 839-846.

HUANG Guibin, GUAN Yaobing, NIU Yongqi, ZHOU Lilei, ZHAO Yongfeng. Effect of Rhizobia Inoculation on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Chickpea under Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 839-846.

图/表 7

表1 不同根瘤菌和施氮量处理

Table 1 Experimental treatment of different rhizobia and nitrogen application rates

组合代码 Treatmen tcode	处理 Treatment
C₁	根瘤菌A拌种+1/2氮肥
C₂	根瘤菌B拌种+1/2氮肥
C₃	根瘤菌A拌种+不施氮肥
C₄	根瘤菌B拌种+不施氮肥
CK₁	不接种根瘤菌,施用全部氮肥
CK₂	不接种根瘤菌,施用1/2氮肥
CK₃	不接种根瘤菌,不施用氮肥

图1 减施氮肥和根瘤菌接种下鹰嘴豆根瘤鲜重变化注:不同字母表示处理间差异达到0.05显著水平。下同

Fig.1 Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobia inoculation on the fresh weight of chickpea nodule Note:Different letters represented significant difference at 0.05 level.The same as below

表2 减施氮肥和根瘤菌接种下鹰嘴豆叶绿素含量变化

Table 2 Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobia inoculation on chlorophyll content of chickpea

处理 Treat ment	开花期 Flower stage	结荚期 Pots stage	鼓粒期 Bulging stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
CK₁	44.17^a	49.20^a	40.20^a	9.77^ab
CK₂	41.28^a	45.90^abc	31.18^a	9.47^ab
C₁	42.68^a	46.74^ab	41.14^a	12.37^a
C₂	43.66^a	46.62^ab	37.65^a	10.67^ab
CK₃	40.47^a	39.83^c	30.88^a	8.67^c
C₃	43.66^a	43.03^abc	36.43^a	10.40^ab
C₄	43.61^a	43.72^abc	39.02^a	9.36^ab

表3 减施氮肥和根瘤菌接种下鹰嘴豆干物质(茎秆)积累变化

Table 3 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and rhizobia inoculation on the accumulation of dry matter (stem) of chickpea

部位 Position	处理 Treatment	开花期 Flower stage	结荚期 Pots stage	鼓粒期 Bulging stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
	CK₁	9.84^a	23.10^a	31.90^a	34.56^a
	CK₂	9.65^a	18.2^b	29.27^a	31.74^ab
	C₁	7.67^a	23.80^a	31.98^a	35.29^a
茎秆 Stalk	C₂	6.38^a	20.35^ab	30.01^a	31.95^ab
	CK₃	8.35^a	22.18^ab	28.85^a	25.66^b
	C₃	8.45^a	18.20^b	27.11^a	26.16^b
	C₄	7.27^a	23.39^a	30.11^a	25.75^b

表4 减施氮肥和根瘤菌接种下鹰嘴豆干物质(叶片)积累变化

Table 4 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and rhizobia inoculation on the accumulation of dry matter (leaves) of chickpea

部位 Position	处理 Treatment	开花期 Flower stage	结荚期 Pots stage	鼓粒期 Bulging stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
	CK₁	6.65^a	13.32^a	11.38^a	1.3 $8 a b$
	CK₂	6.64^a	11.07^a	9.65^a	1.0 $7 b c$
	C₁	5.46^a	15.37^a	13.15^a	1.61^a
叶片 Leaf blade	C₂	5.27^a	13.98^a	10.73^a	1.4 $4 a b$
	CK₃	5.27^a	11.48^a	9.33^a	0.58^c
	C₃	5.66^a	11.81^a	7.46^a	0.9 $7 b c$
	C₄	4.93^a	14.94^a	6.04^a	0.86^c

表4 减施氮肥和根瘤菌接种下鹰嘴豆干物质(叶片)积累变化

Table 4 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and rhizobia inoculation on the accumulation of dry matter (leaves) of chickpea

部位 Position	处理 Treatment	开花期 Flower stage	结荚期 Pots stage	鼓粒期 Bulging stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
	CK₁	6.65^a	13.32^a	11.38^a	1.3 $8 a b$
	CK₂	6.64^a	11.07^a	9.65^a	1.0 $7 b c$
	C₁	5.46^a	15.37^a	13.15^a	1.61^a
叶片 Leaf blade	C₂	5.27^a	13.98^a	10.73^a	1.4 $4 a b$
	CK₃	5.27^a	11.48^a	9.33^a	0.58^c
	C₃	5.66^a	11.81^a	7.46^a	0.9 $7 b c$
	C₄	4.93^a	14.94^a	6.04^a	0.86^c

表5 减施氮肥和根瘤菌接种下鹰嘴豆干物质(荚果)积累变化

Table 5 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and rhizobia inoculation on the accumulation of chickpea dry matter (pod) in vitro

部位 Position	处理 Treatment	结荚期 Pots stage	鼓粒期 Bulging stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
荚果 Pod	CK₁	5.01^a	39.58^a	68.90^a
	CK₂	4.07^ab	38.34^a	61.54^b
	C₁	5.34^a	41.33^a	70.69^a
	C₂	4.81^a	39.56^a	69.13^a
	CK₃	2.38^b	37.33^a	38.96^c
	C₃	4.96^a	36.55^a	40.93^c
	C₄	4.82^a	35.46^a	40.55^c

表6 减施氮肥和根瘤菌接种下鹰嘴豆产量及相关指标变化

Table 6 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and rhizobia inoculation on yield and related indexes of chickpea

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	主茎分枝 Node number	主茎节数 Node numbers of main stem	单株荚数 Main stem pods	单株粒数 Seeds per plant	单株粒重 Grain weight per plant (g)	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Area yield (kg/hm²)
CK₁	76.7^a	1.67^a	30.00^a	134.00^ab	134.33^bc	25.44^a	26.39^ab	1 772.39^ab
CK₂	64.7^b	1.67^a	29.67^a	111.67^b	111.67^bc	24.30^a	24.18^ab	1 573.64^c
C₁	73.2^a	1.89^a	30.75^a	155.60^a	177.00^a	27.36^a	27.26^a	1 928.84^a
C₂	74.6^a	1.67^a	30.11^a	132.78^ab	144.57^b	25.10^a	25.58^ab	1 827.59^ab
CK₃	75.7^a	1.33^a	28.00^a	105.00^b	107.33^c	22.26^a	22.56^b	1 497.29^c
C₃	67.3^b	1.67^a	30.17^a	112.00^b	106.29^c	22.54^a	24.93^ab	1 589.39^c
C₄	66.8^b	1.56^a	30.11^a	106.67^b	113.00^bc	23.77^a	23.89^ab	1 524.44^c

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