关键词: 作物; 种质资源; 收集保存; 鉴定评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 Strengthening the collection, conservation, innovation and utilization of crop germplasm resources in Xinjiang can provide excellent germplasm resources for breeding varieties with high yield, good quality and strong stress resistance, which is of great significance to improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity and ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products. 【Methods】 This study, by reviewing literature, participating in projects such as the "Third National Census and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region" and "Systematic Survey and Rescue Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang", conducted in-depth household visits to germplasm resource banks, scientific research institutions, agricultural enterprises and farmers' homes in various parts of Xinjiang, and conducted on-the-spot investigations on the current situation of resource collection, conservation, innovation and utilization. 【Results】 The National Medium-term Gene Bank for Characteristic Crop Germplasm Resources in Central Asia has preserved nearly 40,000 germplasm resources from more than 20 countries and regions, covering 57 kinds of crops.In the third national census in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region has systematically and comprehensively completed the tasks of census and collection of germplasm resources in 89 counties (cities, districts) and systematic survey and rescue collection in 27 counties and cities.A total of 5,579 new germplasm resources of food crops, vegetables, fruits, cash crops, forages and other crops have been collected.Nearly 30 rare, characteristic and innovative local varieties or characteristic resources with development and utilization value have been selected, such as Qiemo fragrant garlic, rubber grass, Maigaiti earth melon and 60-day corn.Among them, "Qiemo fragrant garlic" was rated as one of the top ten excellent crop germplasm resources in China in 2022.【Conclusion】

Key words: crops; germplasm resources; collection and preservation; identification and evaluation