参考作物蒸散量的计算及不同作物灌溉需水量的特征分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1640-1647.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.010

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

参考作物蒸散量的计算及不同作物灌溉需水量的特征分析

张妮¹(), 郑志伟¹(), 豆静静¹, 王义坤¹, 张艳芬², 刘春来²

1.天津农学院水利工程学院,天津 300392
2.天津市水利科学研究院,天津 300061

收稿日期:2023-12-12 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-09-04
通信作者: 郑志伟(1981-),男,河北唐山人,副教授,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)zhiwei35883@163.com
作者简介:张妮(1997-),女,陕西西安人,硕士研究生,研究方向为节水灌溉,(E-mail)861909349@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51779174);水利部重大科技项目(SKS2022050);天津市科技支撑重点项目(18YFZCSF00650);天津市人社局项目+团队重点培养专项(XB202016)

Analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration and characteristics of irrigation water requirement of different crops

ZHANG Ni¹(), ZHENG Zhiwei¹(), DOU Jingjing¹, WANG Yikun¹, ZHANG Yanfen², LIU Chunlai²

1. College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
2. Tianjin Water Conservancy Research Institute, Tianjin 300061, China

Received:2023-12-12 Published:2024-07-20 Online:2024-09-04
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51779174);Major Science and Technology Project of the Ministry of Water Resources(SKS2022050);Key Project of Science and Technology Support Program of Tianjin(18YFZCSF00650);Human Resources and Social Security Bureau Project of Tianjin + Team Key Training Project(XB202016)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究分析参考作物蒸散量结合作物系数估算作物各生育阶段灌溉需水量特征,为农业用水调配提供依据。【方法】基于新疆阿克苏市气象站点1980~2010年逐日气象数据,采用Hargreaves-Samani(H-S)、Irmark-Allen(I-A)和Priestley-Taylor(P-T)3种方法模拟计算参考作物蒸散量(Reference Crop Evapotranspiration,ET₀),依据R²、nRMSE和MAPE评价3种模拟方法的精度,并分析ET₀在年际间和月尺度下的变化规律。分析不同典型年冬小麦、棉花、春玉米、夏玉米的需水规律。【结果】(1) H-S法、I-A法和P-T法计算的研究区ET₀模拟值与标准值的R²分别为0.965、0.949、0.946,MAPE分别为20.85%、26.46%、66.71%。(2) 研究区全年ET₀累计值30年均值为960 mm,5~8月较大,12月和1月较小。(3) 冬小麦、棉花、春玉米、夏玉米分别在返青-拔节期、开花-吐絮期、抽穗-乳熟期、抽穗-乳熟期的灌溉需水量最大,其对应值为108、308、131和136 mm。(4) 全生育期内,冬小麦、棉花、春玉米、夏玉米的灌溉需水量分别为448、533、394和385 mm。【结论】H-S法和I-A法在新疆阿克苏市ET₀计算有良好的普适性;研究区ET₀累计值年际间变化不大,年内呈先增大再减小的趋势;冬小麦、棉花、春玉米、夏玉米的关键需水期分别为返青-拔节期、开花-吐絮期、抽穗-乳熟期、抽穗-乳熟期;全生育期内,棉花灌溉需水量最大,其次为冬小麦、春玉米、夏玉米。

关键词: 参考作物蒸散量; Hargreaves-Samani法; Irmark-Allen法; Priestley-Taylor法; 灌溉需水量

Abstract:

【Objective】The reference crop evapotranspiration combined with crop coefficient can be used to estimate the irrigation water requirement at each growth stage of crops, which might provide a basis for agricultural water allocation.【Methods】In this paper, the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) was simulated by Hargreaves-Samani (H-S), Irmark-Allen (I-A) and Priestley-Taylor (P-T) methods in Aksu city of Xinjiang. The precision of the three simulation methods was evaluated according to R², nRMSE and MAPE, and the variation of ET₀ at interannual and monthly scales was analyzed. Different typical years were selected to analyze the water demand rules of winter wheat, cotton, spring maize and summer maize.【Results】(1) The R² of ET₀ calculated by Hargreaves-Samani method, Irmark-Allen method and Priestley-Taylor method were 0. 965, 0. 949 and 0. 946, respectively, and MAPE were 20. 85 %, 26. 46 % and 66. 71 %, respectively. (2) The 30-year average cumulative value of ET₀ in the study region was 960 mm, which was larger from May to August and smaller in December and January. (3) The irrigation water requirements of winter wheat, cotton, spring corn and summer corn were 108 mm, 308 mm, 131 mm and 136 mm respectively in the regreening-jointing stage, flowering-budding stage, heading-milk stage and heading-milk stage. (4) During the whole growth period, the water requirements of winter wheat, cotton, spring corn and summer corn were 448, 533, 394 and 385 mm, respectively.【Conclusion】H-S method and I-A method has good universality in Aksu city; the cumulative value of ET₀ in the study region did not change much between years, and it increased first and then decreased during the year; the key water requirement periods of winter wheat cotton, spring corn and summer corn were reviving-jointing stage, flowering-flocculation stage, heading-milk ripening stage and heading-milk ripening stage, respectively; during the whole growth period, the water requirement of cotton is the largest, followed by winter wheat, spring corn and summer corn.

Key words: reference crop evapotranspiration; Hargreaves-Samani method; Irmark-Allen method; Priestley-Taylor method; irrigation water requirement

中图分类号:

S275.3

张妮, 郑志伟, 豆静静, 王义坤, 张艳芬, 刘春来. 参考作物蒸散量的计算及不同作物灌溉需水量的特征分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1640-1647.

ZHANG Ni, ZHENG Zhiwei, DOU Jingjing, WANG Yikun, ZHANG Yanfen, LIU Chunlai. Analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration and characteristics of irrigation water requirement of different crops[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1640-1647.

图/表 6

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作物 Crops	生育期 Fertility period	生育天数 Number of days of birth (d)	作物系数 Crop coefficients
冬小麦 Winter wheat	初始生长期	0~55	0.60
	冻融期	55~65	0.60~0.40
	越冬期	65~160	0.40
	快速发育期	160~220	0.40~1.17
	生育中期	221~255	1.17
	成熟期	255~270	1.17~0.4
棉花 Cotton	初始生长期	0~30	0.30
	快速发育期	30~70	0.30~1.15
	生育中期	70~120	1.15
	成熟期	120~160	1.15~0.7
春玉米 Spring corn	初始生长期	0~40	0.30
	快速发育期	40~100	0.30~1.15
	生育中期	100~125	1.15
	成熟期	125~145	1.15~0.30
夏玉米 Summer corn	初始生长期	0~20	0.65
	快速发育期	20~50	0.65~1.15
	生育中期	50~85	1.15
	成熟期	85~110	1.15~0.60

作物 Crops	生育期 Fertility period	生育天数 Number of days of birth (d)	作物系数 Crop coefficients
冬小麦 Winter wheat	初始生长期	0~55	0.60
	冻融期	55~65	0.60~0.40
	越冬期	65~160	0.40
	快速发育期	160~220	0.40~1.17
	生育中期	221~255	1.17
	成熟期	255~270	1.17~0.4
棉花 Cotton	初始生长期	0~30	0.30
	快速发育期	30~70	0.30~1.15
	生育中期	70~120	1.15
	成熟期	120~160	1.15~0.7
春玉米 Spring corn	初始生长期	0~40	0.30
	快速发育期	40~100	0.30~1.15
	生育中期	100~125	1.15
	成熟期	125~145	1.15~0.30
夏玉米 Summer corn	初始生长期	0~20	0.65
	快速发育期	20~50	0.65~1.15
	生育中期	50~85	1.15
	成熟期	85~110	1.15~0.60

作物 Crops	生育阶段 Growth stage	k=5%	k =25%	k =50%	k =75%	k =95%	均值 Average value
冬小麦 Winter wheat	播种-越冬	26.55	30.18	33.94	39.89	42.61	34.63
	越冬-返青	15.38	17.28	15.86	27.31	32.72	21.71
	返青-拔节	83.43	92.75	116.09	111.97	135.12	107.87
	拔节-抽穗	70.48	80.03	94.88	105.38	115.23	93.20
	抽穗-开花	36.94	39.89	41.03	40.69	35.91	38.89
	开花-灌浆	59.77	70.44	64.10	80.25	86.24	72.16
	灌浆-成熟	80.14	79.21	79.14	66.68	92.42	79.52
棉花 Cotton	播种-出苗	-0.70	17.06	8.04	18.19	18.19	12.16
	出苗-现蕾	68.81	61.82	88.96	46.64	93.82	72.01
	现蕾-开花	136.03	98.77	129.62	162.47	176.58	140.69
	开花-吐絮	217.21	323.77	316.75	332.48	350.01	308.04
春玉米 Spring corn	播种-出苗	2.67	18.64	18.66	16.15	19.57	15.14
	出苗-拔节	91.06	70.86	115.26	100.15	125.78	100.62
	拔节-抽穗	102.92	114.24	135.77	99.45	133.38	117.15
	抽穗-乳熟	87.08	107.82	136.97	148.47	173.64	130.79
	乳熟-成熟	20.44	37.55	3.84	48.26	39.01	29.82
夏玉米 Summer corn	播种-出苗	10.38	15.90	28.96	34.03	32.05	24.26
	出苗-拔节	90.10	106.83	141.02	128.26	154.51	124.14
	拔节-抽穗	49.44	49.77	52.50	61.15	62.28	55.03
	抽穗-乳熟	95.58	148.33	128.85	150.49	154.79	135.61
	乳熟-成熟	44.50	45.68	32.94	51.07	54.21	45.68

作物 Crops	生育阶段 Growth stage	k=5%	k =25%	k =50%	k =75%	k =95%	均值 Average value
冬小麦 Winter wheat	播种-越冬	26.55	30.18	33.94	39.89	42.61	34.63
	越冬-返青	15.38	17.28	15.86	27.31	32.72	21.71
	返青-拔节	83.43	92.75	116.09	111.97	135.12	107.87
	拔节-抽穗	70.48	80.03	94.88	105.38	115.23	93.20
	抽穗-开花	36.94	39.89	41.03	40.69	35.91	38.89
	开花-灌浆	59.77	70.44	64.10	80.25	86.24	72.16
	灌浆-成熟	80.14	79.21	79.14	66.68	92.42	79.52
棉花 Cotton	播种-出苗	-0.70	17.06	8.04	18.19	18.19	12.16
	出苗-现蕾	68.81	61.82	88.96	46.64	93.82	72.01
	现蕾-开花	136.03	98.77	129.62	162.47	176.58	140.69
	开花-吐絮	217.21	323.77	316.75	332.48	350.01	308.04
春玉米 Spring corn	播种-出苗	2.67	18.64	18.66	16.15	19.57	15.14
	出苗-拔节	91.06	70.86	115.26	100.15	125.78	100.62
	拔节-抽穗	102.92	114.24	135.77	99.45	133.38	117.15
	抽穗-乳熟	87.08	107.82	136.97	148.47	173.64	130.79
	乳熟-成熟	20.44	37.55	3.84	48.26	39.01	29.82
夏玉米 Summer corn	播种-出苗	10.38	15.90	28.96	34.03	32.05	24.26
	出苗-拔节	90.10	106.83	141.02	128.26	154.51	124.14
	拔节-抽穗	49.44	49.77	52.50	61.15	62.28	55.03
	抽穗-乳熟	95.58	148.33	128.85	150.49	154.79	135.61
	乳熟-成熟	44.50	45.68	32.94	51.07	54.21	45.68

参考作物蒸散量的计算及不同作物灌溉需水量的特征分析

Analysis of reference crop evapotranspiration and characteristics of irrigation water requirement of different crops

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