水稻孕穗期低温对其剑叶抗氧化酶活性及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.008

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 1631-1638.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.008

水稻孕穗期低温对其剑叶抗氧化酶活性及产量的影响

杜孝敬(), 侯天钰, 张燕红(), 李冬, 袁杰, 李建睿, 申宇昕, 李晓荣, 王奉斌()

新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所/新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-12-11 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-09-05
通信作者: 王奉斌(1968-),男,江西人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为水稻遗传育种及栽培,(E-mail)xjnkywfb@163.com;
张燕红(1982-),女,甘肃人,研究员,博士,研究方向为水稻遗传育种及栽培,(E-mail)zhangyanhong@xaas.ac.cn
作者简介:杜孝敬(1993-),男,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为稻种资源及水稻栽培,(E-mail)dxjixj@163.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02001-5);国家水稻产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-01-85)

Effects of low temperature at booting stage on antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of sword leaves of different varieties of rice

DU Xiaojing(), HOU Tianyu, ZHANG Yanhong(), LI Dong, YUAN Jie, LI Jianrui, SHEN Yuxin, LI Xiaorong, WANG Fengbin()

Crop research institute, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-12-11 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-09-05
Supported by:
Key research and development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02001-5);Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Rice Industry Technology System(CARS-01-85)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选出适合新疆北疆稻区种植和推广的耐低温品种。【方法】以水稻品种新粳8号、新粳伊1号、新粳伊7号、秋田小町和新稻11号为材料,在水稻孕穗期设置7 d 16℃低温(T)处理和大田对照(CK)处理,研究不同品种水稻孕穗期低温对其叶片抗氧化酶活性、产量及产量构成因素的影响。【结果】孕穗期低温胁迫7 d后新粳8号和秋田小町的剑叶POD活性均显著提高,新粳伊7号的剑叶POD活性显著降低,三个水稻品种的剑叶CAT活性均显著降低;孕穗期低温会延长不同水稻品种的生育期天数,显著降低水稻株高、穗长和单穗重,同时显著降低每穗粒数和结实率,进而导致水稻理论产量下降;不同品种千粒重对低温胁迫的响应存在差异,其中新粳8号和新粳伊1号受低温胁迫影响较小且无差异,秋田小町和新稻11号受低温胁迫随之降低,而新粳伊7号受低温胁迫有所增加;低温胁迫后秋田小町的理论产量最高,为4 532.75 kg/hm²,较新粳8号、新粳伊1号、新粳伊7号和新稻11号分别高56.59%、98.76%、3.02%和1.84%;秋田小町和新稻11号的耐冷系数较其他品种表现较优。【结论】秋田小町和新稻11号可作为耐冷性强的育种资源材料。

关键词: 水稻; 孕穗期低温; 酶活性; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To screen out the low-temperature tolerant varieties suitable for planting and promotion in the rice producing areas of northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The effects of low temperature on antioxidant enzyme activity, yield and constituent factors of rice leaves were studied by using Xinjing 8, Xinjingyi 1, Xinjingyi 7, Akita Komachi and Xindao 11 as experimental materials. 【Results】 The results showed that the POD activity of sword leaf was significantly increased in Xinjing 8 and Akita Komachi after 7 days of low temperature stress at booting stage, the POD activity of sword leaf in Xinjingyi 7 was significantly decreased, and the CAT activity of sword leaf in the three rice varieties after chilling stress was significantly reduced. The low temperature at booting stage extended the number of days of growth period of different rice varieties, significantly reduced the plant height, panicle length and single panicle weight of different rice varieties, and significantly reduced the number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate, which in turn led to the decline of theoretical rice yield. There were differences in the response of 1000-grain weight of different cultivars to low temperature stress, among which there was no difference between Xinjing 8 and Xinjingyi 1 under low temperature stress, while Qiutianxiaoding and Xindao 11 decreased under low temperature stress, and Xinjing 7 increased under low temperature stress. After low temperature stress, the theoretical yield of Qiutianxiaoding was the highest, which was 4,532.75 kg/hm², 56.59%, 98.76%, 3.02% and 1.84% higher than those of Xinjing 8, Xinjingyi 1, Xinjingyi 7 and Xindao 11, respectively. After low temperature stress, the theoretical yield of Xindao 11 was the highest, which was 3988.30 kg/hm², 147.41%, 94.87%, 62.68% and 13.73% higher than those of Xinjing 8, Xinjingyi 1, Xinjingyi 7 and Qiutianxiaoding, respectively. The cold tolerance coefficient of Qiutianxiaoding and xindao 11 was better than those of other varieties. 【Conclusion】 Qiutianxiaoding and Xindao 11 can be used as breeding resources with strong cold tolerance.

Key words: rice; low temperature at booting stage; antioxidant enzyme activity; yield

中图分类号:

S511

杜孝敬, 侯天钰, 张燕红, 李冬, 袁杰, 李建睿, 申宇昕, 李晓荣, 王奉斌. 水稻孕穗期低温对其剑叶抗氧化酶活性及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1631-1638.

DU Xiaojing, HOU Tianyu, ZHANG Yanhong, LI Dong, YUAN Jie, LI Jianrui, SHEN Yuxin, LI Xiaorong, WANG Fengbin. Effects of low temperature at booting stage on antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of sword leaves of different varieties of rice[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(7): 1631-1638.

图/表 6

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品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	播种期 Sowing time (月/日)	移栽期 Transplanting period (月/日)	幼穗分化期 Panicle initiation stage (月/日)	始穗期 Earing stage (月/日)	齐穗期 Full heading stage (月/日)	成熟期 Maturation stage (月/日)	全生育期天数 Number of days in the entire reproductive period(d)
新粳8号 Xinjing 8	CK	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/25	7/28	9/28	176
新粳8号 Xinjing 8	T	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/29	8/1	10/4	182
新粳伊1号 Xinjiangyi 1	CK	4/6	5/5	7/7	7/20	7/23	9/23	171
新粳伊1号 Xinjiangyi 1	T	4/6	5/5	7/7	7/23	7/26	9/29	177
新粳伊7号 Xinjiangyi 7	CK	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/25	7/28	9/28	176
新粳伊7号 Xinjiangyi 7	T	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/28	7/31	10/8	186
秋田小町 Qiutianxiaoding	CK	4/6	5/5	7/23	8/4	8/7	10/3	181
秋田小町 Qiutianxiaoding	T	4/6	5/5	7/23	8/8	8/12	10/8	186
新稻11号 Xindao 11	CK	4/6	5/5	7/26	8/5	8/8	10/3	181
新稻11号 Xindao 11	T	4/6	5/5	7/26	8/8	8/13	10/9	187

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	播种期 Sowing time (月/日)	移栽期 Transplanting period (月/日)	幼穗分化期 Panicle initiation stage (月/日)	始穗期 Earing stage (月/日)	齐穗期 Full heading stage (月/日)	成熟期 Maturation stage (月/日)	全生育期天数 Number of days in the entire reproductive period(d)
新粳8号 Xinjing 8	CK	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/25	7/28	9/28	176
新粳8号 Xinjing 8	T	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/29	8/1	10/4	182
新粳伊1号 Xinjiangyi 1	CK	4/6	5/5	7/7	7/20	7/23	9/23	171
新粳伊1号 Xinjiangyi 1	T	4/6	5/5	7/7	7/23	7/26	9/29	177
新粳伊7号 Xinjiangyi 7	CK	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/25	7/28	9/28	176
新粳伊7号 Xinjiangyi 7	T	4/6	5/5	7/13	7/28	7/31	10/8	186
秋田小町 Qiutianxiaoding	CK	4/6	5/5	7/23	8/4	8/7	10/3	181
秋田小町 Qiutianxiaoding	T	4/6	5/5	7/23	8/8	8/12	10/8	186
新稻11号 Xindao 11	CK	4/6	5/5	7/26	8/5	8/8	10/3	181
新稻11号 Xindao 11	T	4/6	5/5	7/26	8/8	8/13	10/9	187

性状 Traits	处理 Treatments	新粳8号 Xinjing 8	新粳伊1号 Xinjingyi1	新粳伊7号 Xinjingyi7	秋田小町 Qiutianxiaoding	新稻11号 Xindao 11
株高 Height(cm)	CK	100.67^a	106.67^a	105.67^a	89.50^a	113.67^a
株高 Height(cm)	T	86.56^b	95.00^b	92.33^b	78.00^b	97.33^b
穗长 Spike length(cm)	CK	15.16^a	19.47^a	18.34^a	15.07^a	17.46^a
穗长 Spike length(cm)	T	13.38^b	19.34^a	17.60^a	14.07^b	15.93^b
单穗重 Single spike weight(g)	CK	2.73^a	3.31^a	2.69^a	1.14^a	1.82^a
单穗重 Single spike weight(g)	T	0.77^b	0.97^b	1.00^b	1.13^a	0.73^b

性状 Traits	处理 Treatments	新粳8号 Xinjing 8	新粳伊1号 Xinjingyi1	新粳伊7号 Xinjingyi7	秋田小町 Qiutianxiaoding	新稻11号 Xindao 11
株高 Height(cm)	CK	100.67^a	106.67^a	105.67^a	89.50^a	113.67^a
株高 Height(cm)	T	86.56^b	95.00^b	92.33^b	78.00^b	97.33^b
穗长 Spike length(cm)	CK	15.16^a	19.47^a	18.34^a	15.07^a	17.46^a
穗长 Spike length(cm)	T	13.38^b	19.34^a	17.60^a	14.07^b	15.93^b
单穗重 Single spike weight(g)	CK	2.73^a	3.31^a	2.69^a	1.14^a	1.82^a
单穗重 Single spike weight(g)	T	0.77^b	0.97^b	1.00^b	1.13^a	0.73^b

性状 Traits	处理 Treatments	新粳8号 Xinjing 8	新粳伊1号 Xinjingyi1	新粳伊7号 Xinjingyi7	秋田小町 Qiutianxiaoding	新稻11号 Xindao 11
有效穗数 Effective number (10⁴个/hm²)	CK	504.63^a	375.00^a	576.39^a	701.39^a	677.08^a
有效穗数 Effective number (10⁴个/hm²)	T	502.96^a	371.43^a	573.33^a	700.12^a	673.61^a
穗粒数 Number of grains per spike (粒/穗)	CK	128.04^a	135.45^a	139.28^a	70.38^a	88.67^a
穗粒数 Number of grains per spike (粒/穗)	T	46.61^b	78.40^b	90.92^b	48.65^b	61.00^b
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	CK	92.27^a	93.09^a	86.80^a	92.26^a	81.70^a
结实率 Seed setting rate (%)	T	66.21^b	38.37^b	46.06^b	75.49^b	60.31^b
千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	CK	22.29^a	24.59^a	20.57^b	21.69^a	22.03^a
千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)	T	21.94^a	24.01^a	21.56^a	20.74^b	21.13^b
理论产量 Theoretical yield (kg/hm²)	CK	11 293.45^a	9 884.72^a	12 184.88^a	8 396.26^a	9 182.49^a
理论产量 Theoretical yield (kg/hm²)	T	2 894.70^b	2 280.51^b	4 400.04^b	4 532.75^b	4 450.81^b

水稻孕穗期低温对其剑叶抗氧化酶活性及产量的影响

Effects of low temperature at booting stage on antioxidant enzyme activity and yield of sword leaves of different varieties of rice

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