高温环境下喷施不同配比的锌、硼、钙叶面肥对玉米农艺性状与制种产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (7): 1624-1630.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.07.007

高温环境下喷施不同配比的锌、硼、钙叶面肥对玉米农艺性状与制种产量的影响

王子轩¹^,²(), 蔡大润²(), 刘志刚², 李娟², 陈果², 李波², 李晓荣², 杨洋², 唐天宇¹, 聂腾坤², 胡霞², 陈勋基²()

1.新疆农业大学农学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农作物生物技术重点实验室/新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院生物育种实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-12-15 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-09-05
通信作者: 陈勋基(1980-),男,研究员,博士,研究方向为作物分子育种,(E-mail)chenxj713@163.com;
蔡大润(1990-),男,助理研究员,研究方向为作物分子育种,(E-mail)cdrhxz104@163.com
作者简介:王子轩(2000-),男,本科,研究方向为玉米遗传育种,(E-mail)1145530327@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2024D01D10);玛纳斯县国家级杂交玉米种子生产基地建设项目(MNSZZDX-2021-01);国家自然科学基金项目(32160440);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”人才引进计划项目;新疆农科院科技创新稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2022001-5)

Effects of different proportions of zinc, boron and calcium leaf fertilizer on agronomic traits and seed yield of maize under high temperature environment

WANG Zixuan¹^,²(), CAI Darun²(), LIU Zigang², LI Juan², CHEN Guo², LI Bo², LI Xiaorong², YANG Yang², TANG Tianyu¹, NIE Tengkun², HU Xia², CHEN Xunji²()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology/Biological Breeding Laboratory, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-12-15 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-09-05
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01D10);National Hybrid Corn Seed Production Base Construction Project in Manas County(MNSZZDX-2021-01);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160440);"Tianchi Talent" Talent Introduction Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;Project of Fund for Stable Support to Agricultural Sci-Tech Renovation(xjnkywdzc-2022001-5)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆高温环境下喷施锌、硼、钙叶面肥对玉米主要农艺性状与制种产量的影响,为新疆玉米高效、优质和高产制种生产提供参考。【方法】以玉米自交系CXJ75(母本)和CXJ380(父本)为材料,采用硫酸锌、硼酸钠、葡萄糖酸钙作为叶肥,设置12个不同的叶肥配比处理和1个CK处理,采用随机区组设计。测量与分析不同叶肥配比处理下玉米的农艺性状和制种产量。【结果】(1) 不同配比的叶肥均可一定程度延缓开花期,缩短开花吐丝间隔期。(2) 1%浓度的硫酸锌、硼酸钠与葡萄糖酸钙叶肥混合喷施效果最佳。(3) 玉米产量与多项农艺性状均呈线性关系,并与穗行数、穗粗、百粒重、结实率、单穗粒重和单穗籽粒数的相关性较高。【结论】新疆玉米杂交制种遭受花期高温胁迫时,喷施1%浓度的硫酸锌、硼酸钠与葡萄糖酸钙混合叶肥(5 000 L/hm²),可以有效的提高制种产量。

关键词: 叶面肥; 高温; 玉米杂交制种; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of foliar application of zinc, boron, and calcium fertilizers on the main agronomic traits and seed production yield of maize under high-temperature conditions in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Maize inbred lines CXJ75 (female parent) and CXJ380 (male parent) were used as experimental materials, zinc sulfate, sodium borate, and calcium gluconate were applied as foliar fertilizers. Twelve different foliar fertilizer ratio treatments and one control (CK) treatment were established, arranged in a randomized block design. The agronomic traits and seed production yield of maize under different foliar fertilizer treatments were measured and analyzed. 【Results】(1)Different ratios of foliar fertilizers could delay the flowering period to some extent and shorten the interval between anthesis and silking. (2) The mixed application of 1% zinc sulfate, sodium borate, and calcium gluconate foliar fertilizers yielded the best results.(3)Maize yield showed a linear relationship with multiple agronomic traits, with high correlations observed with the number of kernel rows per ear, ear diameter, 100-kernel weight, seed setting rate, grain weight per ear, and the number of kernels per ear. 【Conclusion】 Under high-temperature stress during the flowering period in Xinjiang, the foliar application of a mixed fertilizer containing 1% zinc sulfate, sodium borate, and calcium gluconate (5,000 L/hm²) can effectively improve seed production yield. This findings have provided a reference for efficient, high-quality, and high-yield maize seed production in Xinjiang.

Key words: leaf fertilizer; high temperature; maize hybrid seed production; yield

中图分类号:

S513

王子轩, 蔡大润, 刘志刚, 李娟, 陈果, 李波, 李晓荣, 杨洋, 唐天宇, 聂腾坤, 胡霞, 陈勋基. 高温环境下喷施不同配比的锌、硼、钙叶面肥对玉米农艺性状与制种产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(7): 1624-1630.

WANG Zixuan, CAI Darun, LIU Zigang, LI Juan, CHEN Guo, LI Bo, LI Xiaorong, YANG Yang, TANG Tianyu, NIE Tengkun, HU Xia, CHEN Xunji. Effects of different proportions of zinc, boron and calcium leaf fertilizer on agronomic traits and seed yield of maize under high temperature environment[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(7): 1624-1630.

图/表 4

参考文献 25

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处理 Treat- ments	株高 Plant height (cm)	父本开花期 Flowering stage (M/D)	母本吐丝期 Silking stage (M/D)	父本开花和母本吐丝间隔 interval (Day)
T₁	187.6±4.6^a	7/6	7/9	3
T₂	178.9±8.5^a	7/5	7/8	3
T₃	178.2±2.4^a	7/6	7/10	4
T₄	184.8±3.0^a	7/3	7/8	5
T₅	184.7±14.6^a	7/5	7/9	4
T₆	183.2±19.4^a	7/4	7/9	5
T₇	180.8±11.1^a	7/4	7/8	3
T₈	184.4±15.9^a	7/4	7/9	5
T₉	183.5±13.0^a	7/4	7/9	5
T₁₀	187.1±6.9^a	7/2	7/8	6
T₁₁	182.8±11.9^a	7/3	7/9	6
T₁₂	174.8±16.1^a	7/2	7/8	7
CK	168.9±7.5^a	7/1	7/8	7

处理 Treat- ments	株高 Plant height (cm)	父本开花期 Flowering stage (M/D)	母本吐丝期 Silking stage (M/D)	父本开花和母本吐丝间隔 interval (Day)
T₁	187.6±4.6^a	7/6	7/9	3
T₂	178.9±8.5^a	7/5	7/8	3
T₃	178.2±2.4^a	7/6	7/10	4
T₄	184.8±3.0^a	7/3	7/8	5
T₅	184.7±14.6^a	7/5	7/9	4
T₆	183.2±19.4^a	7/4	7/9	5
T₇	180.8±11.1^a	7/4	7/8	3
T₈	184.4±15.9^a	7/4	7/9	5
T₉	183.5±13.0^a	7/4	7/9	5
T₁₀	187.1±6.9^a	7/2	7/8	6
T₁₁	182.8±11.9^a	7/3	7/9	6
T₁₂	174.8±16.1^a	7/2	7/8	7
CK	168.9±7.5^a	7/1	7/8	7

处理 Treatments	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (cm)	秃尖长 Spike tip length (cm)	穗行数 Ear rows	行粒数 Kernels per row
T₁	13.9±1.35^a	4.07±0.2^a	0.77±0.62^a	15.3±1.0^a	24.2±4.4^a
T₂	13.21±1.06^ab	4.03±0.24^ab	1.11±0.78^ab	15.3±1.7^a	21.2±4.6^ab
T₃	12.36±1.33^ab	3.70±0.24^bc	1.27±0.50^ab	13.1±1.8^ab	17.2±2.6^bc
T₄	11.6±1.88^ab	3.70±0.21^bc	1.59±0.54^ab	13.8±1.6^a	15.4±2.6^cd
T₅	11.57±1.34^ab	3.8±0.17^abc	1.10±0.65^ab	14.0±1.4^a	17.9±2.7^bc
T₆	11.69±2.06^ab	3.61±0.21^c	1.11±0.58^ab	13.8±1.6^a	15.6±3.0^cd
T₇	12.04±0.96^ab	3.8±0.16^abc	1.03±0.28^ab	14.4±1.3^a	18.9±3.3^bc
T₈	13.32±1.29^ab	3.76±0.21^abc	1.62±0.33^ab	14.4±1.3^a	18.0±2.0^bc
T₉	11.71±2.16^ab	3.73±0.30^abc	1.12±0.53^ab	12.9±2.0^ab	16.9±2.0^bc
T₁₀	12.94±1.31^ab	3.73±0.21^abc	1.63±0.94^ab	13.1±1.1^ab	16.3±3.2^cd
T₁₁	11.62±1.62^ab	3.80±0.29^abc	0.83±0.47^a	14.2±1.9^a	15.8±3.0^cd
T₁₂	11.19±1.58^b	3.68±0.22^bc	1.49±0.95^ab	13.3±1.0^a	14.8±2.4^cd
CK	11.16±2.79^b	3.50±0.24^c	2.08±1.49^b	10.7±2.0^b	11.9±1.4^d

处理 Treatments	穗长 Spike length (cm)	穗粗 Ear diameter (cm)	秃尖长 Spike tip length (cm)	穗行数 Ear rows	行粒数 Kernels per row
T₁	13.9±1.35^a	4.07±0.2^a	0.77±0.62^a	15.3±1.0^a	24.2±4.4^a
T₂	13.21±1.06^ab	4.03±0.24^ab	1.11±0.78^ab	15.3±1.7^a	21.2±4.6^ab
T₃	12.36±1.33^ab	3.70±0.24^bc	1.27±0.50^ab	13.1±1.8^ab	17.2±2.6^bc
T₄	11.6±1.88^ab	3.70±0.21^bc	1.59±0.54^ab	13.8±1.6^a	15.4±2.6^cd
T₅	11.57±1.34^ab	3.8±0.17^abc	1.10±0.65^ab	14.0±1.4^a	17.9±2.7^bc
T₆	11.69±2.06^ab	3.61±0.21^c	1.11±0.58^ab	13.8±1.6^a	15.6±3.0^cd
T₇	12.04±0.96^ab	3.8±0.16^abc	1.03±0.28^ab	14.4±1.3^a	18.9±3.3^bc
T₈	13.32±1.29^ab	3.76±0.21^abc	1.62±0.33^ab	14.4±1.3^a	18.0±2.0^bc
T₉	11.71±2.16^ab	3.73±0.30^abc	1.12±0.53^ab	12.9±2.0^ab	16.9±2.0^bc
T₁₀	12.94±1.31^ab	3.73±0.21^abc	1.63±0.94^ab	13.1±1.1^ab	16.3±3.2^cd
T₁₁	11.62±1.62^ab	3.80±0.29^abc	0.83±0.47^a	14.2±1.9^a	15.8±3.0^cd
T₁₂	11.19±1.58^b	3.68±0.22^bc	1.49±0.95^ab	13.3±1.0^a	14.8±2.4^cd
CK	11.16±2.79^b	3.50±0.24^c	2.08±1.49^b	10.7±2.0^b	11.9±1.4^d

处理 Treatments	单穗籽粒数 Grains per ear	单穗粒重 Grains weight (g)	结实率 Kernel setting rate (%)	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
T₁	303.1±50.0^a	68.8±4.9^a	78.4±9.7^a	25.1±5.0	8 008.4±402.6^a
T₂	262.2±75.0^ab	63.9±6.5^ab	72.6±3.3^ab	27.9±9.3	7 771.5±365.6^a
T₃	219.3±76.8^b	57.7±5.0^abc	65.6±2.1^bcd	29.6±10.7	6 917.9±527.1^abc
T₄	199.4±68.1^bc	52.4±8.2^abc	60.9±1.7^def	29.0±9.2	6 515.7±151.8^abc
T₅	218.8±59.9^b	57.6±16.1^abc	69.9±1.9^bc	28.2±7.4	6 755.4±645.9^abc
T₆	210.1±74.9^bc	48.1±8.3^abc	62.8±2.0^cde	26.1±10.1	6 479.0±906.9^abc
T₇	244.3±61.6^ab	59.1±12.9^abc	65.2±2.2^bcd	25.8±7.0	7 315.4±652.7^ab
T₈	223.4±48.4^b	45.8±8.0^bc	62.3±2.0^cdef	21.3±4.1	6 620.4±428.6^abc
T₉	204.2±85.3^bc	50.2±12.6^abc	63.1±3.5^cde	30.5±17.7	6 287.7±341.7^abc
T₁₀	185.8±39.3^bc	46.0±20.0^bc	54.9±11.1^f	26.1±7.0	6 253.1±474.2^abc
T₁₁	194.5±64.2^bc	55.3±2.5^abc	61.8±2.7^def	32.0±12.3	5 790.5±196.7^bc
T₁₂	192.7±61.5^bc	51.2±15.1^abc	57.2±2.3^ef	29.8±12.1	5 574.6±293.1^bc
CK	152.2±31.1^c	42.1±7.0^c	46.9±2.1^g	32.7±7.1	5 376.5±492.2^c

高温环境下喷施不同配比的锌、硼、钙叶面肥对玉米农艺性状与制种产量的影响

Effects of different proportions of zinc, boron and calcium leaf fertilizer on agronomic traits and seed yield of maize under high temperature environment

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Metrics

	穗行数 Ear rows	行粒数 Kernels per row	穗长 Spike length	秃尖长 Spike tip length	穗粗 Ear diameter	百粒重 100-grain weight	结实率 Kernel setting rate	单穗粒重 Grains weight	单穗籽粒数 Grains per ear	产量 Yield
穗行数 Ear rows	1
行粒 Kernels per row	0.554^**	1
穗长 Spike length	0.372^*	0.171	1
秃尖长 Spike tip length	-0.444^**	-0.012	-0.537^**	1
穗粗 Ear diameter	0.518^**	0.580^**	0.367^*	-0.411^**	1
百粒重 100-grain weight	-0.712^**	-0.424^**	0.067	0.103	-0.115	1
结实率 Kernel setting rate	0.821^**	0.419^**	0.436^**	-0.630^**	0.597^	-0.420^**	1
单穗粒重 Grains weight	0.740^**	0.713^**	0.589^**	-0.558^**	0.768^**	-0.339^*	0.778^**	1
单穗籽粒数 Grains per ear	0.558^**	0.530^**	0.261	-0.477^**	0.788^**	-0.189	0.636^**	0.703^**	1
产量 Yield	0.502^**	0.514^**	0.363^*	-0.304	0.583^**	-0.230	0.454^**	0.561^**	0.592^**	1

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