塔里木河水系2种裂腹鱼类形态特征和骨骼形态的差异比较

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.024

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (10): 2566-2575.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.10.024

• 微生物·畜牧兽医·农业经济 • 上一篇下一篇

塔里木河水系2种裂腹鱼类形态特征和骨骼形态的差异比较

王程欣¹(), 胡令辉¹, 杨莉婷¹, 林旭元², 胡伯林², 袁智长³, 宋勇¹, 陈生熬¹()

1.塔里木大学生命科学与技术学院/塔里木珍稀鱼类研究中心,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆生产建设兵团水产技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐 830000
3.上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海 200090

收稿日期:2024-04-06 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-07
通信作者: 陈生熬(1980-),男,青海西宁人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为渔业资源与环境,(E-mail)chenshengao@163.com
作者简介:王程欣(1997-),女,山东日照人,硕士研究生,研究方向为鱼类生物学,(E-mail)m17862660810@163.com
基金资助:
农业农村部财政专项(西北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划“南疆盐碱水渔业综合开发利用关键技术集成与示范”(2022DB019);塔里木畜牧科技兵团重点实验室项目“伊犁裂腹鱼人工繁殖关键技术研究”(HS201902)

Comparative study on morphological and skeletal differences of two Schizothorax species in Tarim River system

WANG Chengxin¹(), HU Linghui¹, YANG Liting¹, LIN Xuyuan², HU Bolin², YUAN Zhichang³, SONG Yong¹, CHEN Shengao¹()

1. Tarim Rare Fish Research Center/College of Life Science and Technology/Tarim University, Aral Xinjiang 843300, China
2. Aquatic Technology Extension Station of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Urumqi 830000, China
3. College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 200090, China

Received:2024-04-06 Published:2024-10-20 Online:2024-11-07
Correspondence author: CHEN Shengao (1980-), male, from Xining, Qinghai, professor,Ph.D., doctoral supervisor, research direction: fishery resources and environment, (E-mail) chenshengao@163.com
Supported by:
Special Financial Project of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Fishery Resources and Environment Survey in Key Waters of Northwest China);Science and Technology Public Relations Plan in Key Areas of XPCC Science and Technology Bureau "Integration and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Saline-alkali Water Fishery in Southern Xinjiang"(2022DB019);Key Laboratory Project of Tarim Animal Science and Technology of XPCC "Research on Key Techniques of Artificial Breeding of Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis"(HS201902)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 比较研究塔里木河水系2种裂腹鱼类形态和骨骼系统解剖学的差异性,为高原鱼类的系统演化和地理分布格局提供科学参考。【方法】 以新疆特有鱼类厚唇裂腹鱼和斑重唇鱼为研究对象,结合框架数据和传统可量数据进行形态特征和主成分分析;采用CT扫描法和煮沸剔肉法比较两者骨骼形态的差异。【结果】 2种裂腹鱼31项性状中,1-2/体长(BL)差异显著(P < 0.05),体宽/体长(BW/BL)等25项比例性状差异极显著(P < 0.01);前2个主成分累计贡献率为56.74%,差异主要体现在机体头部和躯干前段。2种裂腹鱼的脑颅、咽颅和附肢骨骼数目相同,分别为42块、80块和132块;但两者的脊椎数和肋骨数存在一些不同:厚唇裂腹鱼脊柱4+42-43+1枚,肋骨20~21枚(2尾);斑重唇鱼脊柱4+34-35+1枚,肋骨17~18枚(2尾);尤其是第二前筛骨、蝶耳骨、翼耳骨、前颌骨、上颌骨、翼骨、中翼骨和咽骨上2种裂腹鱼的差异更明显。【结论】 塔里木河水系2种裂腹鱼形态特征和骨骼形态差异较为明显,其差异和演化机制与青藏高原隆起有着密切联系,独特的形态进化特征和骨骼差异系统可作为鱼类分类鉴别的依据,丰富了其形态进化生物学资料。

关键词: 塔里木河水系; 厚唇裂腹鱼; 斑重唇鱼; 形态特征; 骨骼解剖

Abstract:

【Objective】 Comparative study on morphological and skeletal differences of two Schizothorax species in Tarim River system. The provide scientific reference for the systematic evolution and geographical distribution pattern of the plateau fish. 【Methods】 To study the external morphology and skeletal system of Schizothorax irregularis and Diptychus maculatus which are endemic to Xinjiang by anatomical comparison. Principal component analysis of morphological features was carried out by combining frame data and traditional quantifiable data and then the difference of bone morphology between CT scanning and boiling cutting was compared. 【Results】 Among 31 proportional traits of Schizothorax species, there were significant differences in 1-2/ body length (BL) (P< 0.05), body width (BW/BL) and other 25 proportional traits were significantly different (P< 0.01); In the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components was 56.74%, and the difference was mainly reflected in the body head and the front torso. The number of cranial, pharyngeal and appendicular bones of the two Schizothorax species was the same, with 42, 80 and 132, respectively. However, there were some differences in the number of vertebrae and ribs between the two Schizothorax species: there were 4+42-43+1 vertebrae and 20-21 ribs in S. irregularis(2 tails), and there were 4+34-35+1 spines and 17-18 ribs in D. maculatus(2 tails). On some bones, such as the 2nd preethmoid, sphenotic, pterotic, premaxilla, maxilla, pterygoid and mstapterygoid, especially in the pharyngeal, the differences between the two Schizothorax species were more pronounced. 【Conclusion】 The morphological and skeletal differences of the two Schizothorax species in the Tarim River system are obvious, and their evolutionary mechanisms are closely related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The unique morphological and evolutionary characteristics and skeletal differences can be further served as the basis for the classification and identification of fish, which might enrich the biological data of their morphological and evolutionary evolution.

Key words: Tarim River system; Schizothorax irregularis; Diptychus maculatus; morphological characteristics; skeletal anatomy

中图分类号:

王程欣, 胡令辉, 杨莉婷, 林旭元, 胡伯林, 袁智长, 宋勇, 陈生熬. 塔里木河水系2种裂腹鱼类形态特征和骨骼形态的差异比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(10): 2566-2575.

WANG Chengxin, HU Linghui, YANG Liting, LIN Xuyuan, HU Bolin, YUAN Zhichang, SONG Yong, CHEN Shengao. Comparative study on morphological and skeletal differences of two Schizothorax species in Tarim River system[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(10): 2566-2575.

图/表 10

参考文献 36

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项目 Items		采样点 Sampling site	样本量 Sample number	体长 Body length(mm)		体重 Body weight(g)		年龄 Age	性别 Sex
项目 Items		采样点 Sampling site	样本量 Sample number	范围 Range	平均值± 标准差 Mean± S.D.	范围 Range	平均值± 标准差 Mean± S.D.	年龄 Age	性别 Sex
形态学样本 Morphol ogical sample	厚唇裂腹鱼	81°88'E 40°80'N	52	95.48~241.51	162.39±35.04	12.31~211.91	66.07±46.89	-	-
形态学样本 Morphol ogical sample	斑重唇鱼	76°18E 37°81'N	42	93.66~201.82	124.71±29.55	7.78~78.15	27.85±21.04	-	-
骨骼样本 Bone sample	厚唇裂腹鱼	-	2	275.74~280.53	278.14±3.39	210.29~211.91	211.10±1.15	3⁺	1♂ 1♀
骨骼样本 Bone sample	斑重唇鱼	-	2	228.88~244.08	236.48±10.75	63.09~76.43	69.76±9.43	2⁺	1♂ 1♀

项目 Items		采样点 Sampling site	样本量 Sample number	体长 Body length(mm)		体重 Body weight(g)		年龄 Age	性别 Sex
项目 Items		采样点 Sampling site	样本量 Sample number	范围 Range	平均值± 标准差 Mean± S.D.	范围 Range	平均值± 标准差 Mean± S.D.	年龄 Age	性别 Sex
形态学样本 Morphol ogical sample	厚唇裂腹鱼	81°88'E 40°80'N	52	95.48~241.51	162.39±35.04	12.31~211.91	66.07±46.89	-	-
形态学样本 Morphol ogical sample	斑重唇鱼	76°18E 37°81'N	42	93.66~201.82	124.71±29.55	7.78~78.15	27.85±21.04	-	-
骨骼样本 Bone sample	厚唇裂腹鱼	-	2	275.74~280.53	278.14±3.39	210.29~211.91	211.10±1.15	3⁺	1♂ 1♀
骨骼样本 Bone sample	斑重唇鱼	-	2	228.88~244.08	236.48±10.75	63.09~76.43	69.76±9.43	2⁺	1♂ 1♀

比例性状 Proportional character	厚唇裂腹鱼 Schizothorax irregularis	斑重唇鱼 Diptychus maculatus	F	P
全长/体长 TL/BL	1.17±0.03	1.18±0.21	0.011	0.915
体高/体长 BD/BL	0.18±0.01	0.17±0.02	0.777	0.38
体宽/体长 BW/BL	0.14±0.02	0.12±0.02	27.134	0
头长/体长 HL/BL	0.24±0.01	0.22±0.02	39.142	0
吻长/头长 SL/BL	0.08±0.01	0.07±0.01	36.89	0
眼径/头长 ED/BL	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01	3.672	0.058
眼间距/头长 EI/BL	0.07±0.01	0.06±0.01	78.613	0
口裂/头长 EI/BL	0.05±0.01	0.21±0.93	1.404	0.239
尾柄长/体长 CPL/BL	0.15±0.02	0.14±0.02	0.342	0.56
尾柄高/体长 CPH/BL	0.09±0.01	0.07±0.01	66.612	0
1-2/BL	0.19±0.01	0.19±0.02	5.677	0.019
2-3/BL	0.33±0.02	0.27±0.04	111.738	0
3-4/BL	0.13±0.03	0.15±0.02	10.236	0.002
4-5/BL	0.33±0.03	0.37±0.04	41.761	0
5-6/BL	0.09±0.01	0.08±0.01	81.447	0
6-8/BL	0.21±0.02	0.22±0.03	7.631	0.007
8-12/BL	0.24±0.02	0.20±0.04	53.362	0
8-10/BL	0.28±0.02	0.33±0.04	52.529	0
1-10/BL	0.24±0.01	0.23±0.02	28.793	0
1-12/BL	0.51±0.02	0.55±0.05	26.108	0
2-10/BL	0.13±0.01	0.12±0.01	25.704	0
2-12/BL	0.36±0.02	0.39±0.04	33.805	0
1-3/BL	0.51±0.01	0.45±0.04	117.266	0
3-10/BL	0.31±0.02	0.25±0.04	103.478	0
3-12/BL	0.17±0.02	0.20±0.03	25.941	0
3-8/BL	0.30±0.02	0.35±0.04	65.677	0
3-6/BL	0.47±0.03	0.53±0.06	42.748	0
4-12/BL	0.17±0.02	0.15±0.03	74.933	0
4-8/BL	0.19±0.02	0.21±0.03	26.43	0
4-6/BL	0.35±0.02	0.39±0.05	27.645	0
5-8/BL	0.25±0.02	0.25±0.03	1.252	0.266
10-11/BL	0.12±0.59	0.04±0.01	0.8	0.373
9-12BL	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01	0.763	0.385
5-6/BL	0.07±0.01	0.09±0.01	166.624	0

比例性状 Proportional character	厚唇裂腹鱼 Schizothorax irregularis	斑重唇鱼 Diptychus maculatus	F	P
全长/体长 TL/BL	1.17±0.03	1.18±0.21	0.011	0.915
体高/体长 BD/BL	0.18±0.01	0.17±0.02	0.777	0.38
体宽/体长 BW/BL	0.14±0.02	0.12±0.02	27.134	0
头长/体长 HL/BL	0.24±0.01	0.22±0.02	39.142	0
吻长/头长 SL/BL	0.08±0.01	0.07±0.01	36.89	0
眼径/头长 ED/BL	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01	3.672	0.058
眼间距/头长 EI/BL	0.07±0.01	0.06±0.01	78.613	0
口裂/头长 EI/BL	0.05±0.01	0.21±0.93	1.404	0.239
尾柄长/体长 CPL/BL	0.15±0.02	0.14±0.02	0.342	0.56
尾柄高/体长 CPH/BL	0.09±0.01	0.07±0.01	66.612	0
1-2/BL	0.19±0.01	0.19±0.02	5.677	0.019
2-3/BL	0.33±0.02	0.27±0.04	111.738	0
3-4/BL	0.13±0.03	0.15±0.02	10.236	0.002
4-5/BL	0.33±0.03	0.37±0.04	41.761	0
5-6/BL	0.09±0.01	0.08±0.01	81.447	0
6-8/BL	0.21±0.02	0.22±0.03	7.631	0.007
8-12/BL	0.24±0.02	0.20±0.04	53.362	0
8-10/BL	0.28±0.02	0.33±0.04	52.529	0
1-10/BL	0.24±0.01	0.23±0.02	28.793	0
1-12/BL	0.51±0.02	0.55±0.05	26.108	0
2-10/BL	0.13±0.01	0.12±0.01	25.704	0
2-12/BL	0.36±0.02	0.39±0.04	33.805	0
1-3/BL	0.51±0.01	0.45±0.04	117.266	0
3-10/BL	0.31±0.02	0.25±0.04	103.478	0
3-12/BL	0.17±0.02	0.20±0.03	25.941	0
3-8/BL	0.30±0.02	0.35±0.04	65.677	0
3-6/BL	0.47±0.03	0.53±0.06	42.748	0
4-12/BL	0.17±0.02	0.15±0.03	74.933	0
4-8/BL	0.19±0.02	0.21±0.03	26.43	0
4-6/BL	0.35±0.02	0.39±0.05	27.645	0
5-8/BL	0.25±0.02	0.25±0.03	1.252	0.266
10-11/BL	0.12±0.59	0.04±0.01	0.8	0.373
9-12BL	0.04±0.01	0.04±0.01	0.763	0.385
5-6/BL	0.07±0.01	0.09±0.01	166.624	0

比例性状 Proportional characters	主成分 Principle component
比例性状 Proportional characters	1	2
全长/体长 TL/BL	0.841	0.489
体高/体长 BD/BL	0.27	0.345
体宽/体长 BW/BL	0.266	0.2
头长/体长 HL/BL	0.587	0.262
吻长/头长 SL/BL	0.546	0.162
眼径/头长 ED/BL	0.357	0.14
眼间距/头长 EI/BL	0.583	0.136
口裂/头长 EI/BL	-0.487	0.873
尾柄长/体长 CPL/BL	0.511	0.092
尾柄高/体长 CPH/BL	0.344	0.116
1-2/BL	0.469	0.166
2-3/BL	0.541	0.39
3-4/BL	0.106	0.213
4-5/BL	0.556	0.235
5-6/BL	0.314	0.165
6-8/BL	0.323	0.163
8-12/BL	0.597	0.234
8-10/BL	0.527	0.462
1-10/BL	0.643	0.159
1-12/BL	0.609	0.407
2-10/BL	0.528	0.176
2-12/BL	0.668	0.366
1-3/BL	0.63	0.245
3-10/BL	0.538	0.293
3-12/BL	0.197	0.4
3-8/BL	0.629	0.337
3-6/BL	0.51	0.25
4-12/BL	0.138	0.311
4-8/BL	0.586	0.248
4-6/BL	0.544	0.233
5-8/BL	0.271	0.032
10-11/BL	0.391	0.337
9-12BL	0.459	0.181
5-6/BL	0.257	0.056
主成分特征值 Principal component eigenvalue	10.579	8.710
主成分贡献率 Contribution ratio(%)	31.117	25.618
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution ratio(%)	31.117	56.735

塔里木河水系2种裂腹鱼类形态特征和骨骼形态的差异比较

Comparative study on morphological and skeletal differences of two Schizothorax species in Tarim River system

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参考文献 36

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Metrics

项目 Items	厚唇裂腹鱼 Schizothorax irregularis			斑重唇鱼 Diptychus maculatus
项目 Items	背鳍 Dorsal fin	臀鳍 Anal fin	尾鳍 Tail fin	背鳍 Dorsal fin	臀鳍 Anal fin	尾鳍 Tail fin
鳍棘数Number of fins spine	3	3	—	2	2	—
鳍条数Number of fins ray	7	5	—	8	5	—
分枝鳍条数Number of branching fins	8	6	17	8	6	17

项目 Items	厚唇裂腹鱼 S. irregularis	斑重唇鱼 D. maculatus	塔里木裂腹鱼^[17] S. biddulphi	伊犁裂腹鱼^[17] S. pseudaksaiensis	四川裂腹鱼^[16] S.kozlovi	昆明裂腹鱼^[16] S.x grahami
脊椎骨数 Number of vertebrae	4+42-43+1	4+34-35+1	4+42-43+1	4+44-45+1	46~48	46/47
肋骨数 Number of fins ray	20~21	17~18	23/24	23/24	18/19	18/19

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