二甲戊灵对龙葵苗期主要生长发育和生理指标的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.08.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究喷施二甲戊灵对龙葵苗期主要生长发育及其生理指标的影响。【方法】采用温室盆栽法,喷施不同浓度(0、300、600、900、1 200、1 500 g.a.i/hm²)二甲戊灵,于施药后不同时间内(5、10、15、20、25、30 d)测定龙葵的株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部分鲜重及叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】龙葵的生长指标和生理指标随二甲戊灵剂量升高整体呈下降趋势,当浓度为1 500 g.a.i/hm²时对其影响最为严重。其中在处理第30 d时龙葵株高、叶面积、地上部分鲜重最小,相比对照存在显著差异,分别为2.02 cm、0.32 cm²、0.47 g。在处理前15 d时茎粗相比对照明显增粗,随着龙葵后期的生长对照茎粗明显高于各处理。与对照相比,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量在第30 d时达到最小值3.12、0.06、0.62 mg/g,且分别减少了7.82、0.05、1.05 mg/g。【结论】二甲戊灵对龙葵苗期生长发育指标及生理指标具有显著影响,随药剂剂量浓度升高其各项指标整体呈现出下降趋势,且高浓度对其影响最为严重。

关键词: 龙葵; 二甲戊灵; 生长发育; 生理指标

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effect of spraying pendimethalin on the main growth and development and physiological indicators of Solanum nigrum L.【Methods】 Plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, fresh weight of above-ground parts, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of Solanum nigrum L.were measured at spraying different concentrations of pendimethalin (0, 300, 600, 900, 1,200,1,500 g.a.i/hm²) at different times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25,30 d) after spraying pesticides using the greenhouse pot method.【Results】 The growth and physiological indicators of Solanum nigrum L.showed an overall decreasing trend with increasing dosage of pendimethalin, and the most serious effect was observed when the concentration was 1,500 g.a.i/hm².Among them, on the 30th day of treatment, the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of the above-ground part of the Solanum nigrum L.were the smallest, which were significantly different from that of the control, which were 2.02 cm, 0.32 cm², and 0.47 g, respectively.The stem thickness was significantly thicker compared to the control at 15 d before treatment, and with the later growth of Solanum nigrum L.the control stem thickness was significantly higher than those of the treatments.Compared with the control, the soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll content reached the minimum 3.12, 0.06, and 0.62 mg/g at the 30th day, and decreased by 7.82, 0.05, 1.05 mg/g, respectively.【Conclusion】 Pendimethalin has a significant effect on the main growth and development and physiological indexes of Solanum nigrum L., and the overall physiological and biochemical indexes show a decreasing trend with increasing dosage of concentrations, and the most serious effect has been observed at high concentrations.

Key words: Solanum nigrum L.; pendimethalin; growth and development; physiological indicators

中图分类号:

S641.9

魏迎凤, 张全成, 查慧, 王小丽, 王俊刚. 二甲戊灵对龙葵苗期主要生长发育和生理指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 2013-2021.

WEI Yingfeng, ZHANG Quancheng, ZHA Hui, WANG Xiaoli, WANG Jungang. Effect of pendimethalin on the main growth and development and physiological indicators of Solanum nigrum L.[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(8): 2013-2021.

图/表 6

表1 不同浓度二甲戊灵下龙葵株高变化

Tab.1 The effect of pendimethalin on the plant height of Solanum nigrum L.(cm)

浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	药后时间 Post-herbicides time
浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	5 d	10 d	15 d	20 d	25 d	30 d
0	4.67±1.00^a	6.15±0.84^a	8.43±0.91^a	11.09±1.17^a	14.52±1.65^a	20.13±2.48^a
300	1.98±0.31^b	2.44±0.52^b	2.93±0.88^b	4.13±1.26^b	4.22±1.53^b	5.54±2.13^b
600	1.56±0.34^c	1.89±0.31^c	1.96±0.26^c	2.31±0.24^c	2.39±0.56^c	2.30±0.36^c
900	1.31±0.27^cd	1.96±0.38^c	1.89±0.23^c	2.13±0.18^cd	2.18±0.27^c	2.15±0.16^c
1 200	1.18±0.21^d	1.90±0.21^c	1.81±0.22^c	1.93±0.14^cd	1.96±0.32^c	2.06±0.17^c
1 500	0.97±0.20^d	1.46±0.16^d	1.67±0.13^c	1.77±0.11^d	1.90±0.10^c	2.02±0.09^c

图1 不同浓度二甲戊灵下不同时期龙葵的长势变化注:A为施药后5 d龙葵的长势情况;B为施药后10 d龙葵的长势情况;C为施药后15 d龙葵的长势情况;D为施药后20 d龙葵的长势情况;E为施药后25 d龙葵的长势情况;F为施药后30 d龙葵的长势情况

Fig.1 Effect of pendimethalin of different concentrations on the growth of Solanum nigrum L.in different periods Note: A is the growth condition of the Solanum nigrum L.5 d after herbicides ; B is the growth condition of the Solanum nigrum L.10 d after herbicides ; C is the growth condition of the Solanum nigrum L.15 d after herbicides ; D is the growth condition of the Solanum nigrum L.20 d after herbicides ; E is the growth condition of the Solanum nigrum L.25 d after herbicides ; F is the growth condition of the Solanum nigrum L.30 d after herbicides.

表2 不同浓度二甲戊灵下龙葵茎粗变化

Tab.2 The effect of pendimethalin on the stem thickness of Solanum nigrum L.(cm)

浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	药后时间 Post-herbicides time
浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	5 d	10 d	15 d	20 d	25 d	30 d
0	0.05±0.01^c	0.06±0.01^b	0.10±0.01^c	0.16±0.03^a	0.21±0.03^a	0.25±0.03^a
300	0.08±0.02^b	0.12±0.02^a	0.13±0.02^ab	0.12±0.02^bc	0.13±0.01^b	0.13±0.02^b
600	0.11±0.02^a	0.12±0.02^a	0.12±0.02^b	0.12±0.02^bcd	0.12±0.01^c	0.14±0.01^b
900	0.11±0.02^a	0.12±0.02^a	0.12±0.02^b	0.11±0.01^cd	0.13±0.01^bc	0.13±0.01^b
1 200	0.11±0.02^a	0.12±0.02^a	0.12±0.02^ab	0.11±0.01^d	0.12±0.01^c	0.14±0.02^b
1 500	0.11±0.02^a	0.13±0.01^a	0.13±0.01^a	0.13±0.01^b	0.13±0.01^bc	0.14±0.02^b

表3 不同浓度二甲戊灵下龙葵地上部分鲜重变化

Tab.3 The effect of pendimethalin on the fresh weight of the ground part of Solanum nigrum L.(g)

浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	药后时间 Post-herbicides time
浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	5 d	10 d	15 d	20 d	25 d	30 d
0	0.26±0.05^a	0.41±0.07^a	0.77±0.13^a	1.50±0.46^a	3.92±1.39^a	10.06±1.75^a
300	0.21±0.04^b	0.32±0.06^b	0.48±0.22^b	0.72±0.11^b	2.02±0.28^b	4.10±0.65^b
600	0.20±0.04^b	0.33±0.10^b	0.47±0.13^b	0.47±0.11^c	1.09±0.29^c	2.03±0.36^c
900	0.22±0.05^b	0.31±0.05^bc	0.38±0.10^c	0.33±0.08^cd	0.57±0.14^d	0.98±0.12^d
1 200	0.21±0.04^b	0.32±0.06^bc	0.31±0.09^c	0.32±0.08^d	0.37±0.09^d	0.64±0.13^d
1 500	0.13±0.03^c	0.27±0.06^c	0.33±0.08^c	0.33±0.09^cd	0.36±0.03^d	0.47±0.10^d

表4 不同浓度二甲戊灵下龙葵叶面积变化

Tab.4 The effect of pendimethalin on the leaf area of Solanum nigrum L.(cm2)

浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	药后时间Post-herbicides time
浓度 Concentration (g.a.i/hm²)	5 d	10 d	15 d	20 d	25 d	30 d
0	0.34±0.12^a	0.62±0.16^a	0.83±0.21^a	0.83±0.19^a	1.11±0.21^a	1.40±0.27^a
300	0.16±0.05^c	0.26±0.10^bc	0.28±0.07^b	0.27±0.08^b	0.27±0.05^b	0.34±0.07^b
600	0.23±0.08^b	0.29±0.08^b	0.30±0.07^b	0.28±0.07^b	0.29±0.08^b	0.33±0.08^b
900	0.15±0.08^c	0.21±0.07^c	0.26±0.07^b	0.30±0.07^b	0.32±0.07^b	0.31±0.09^b
1 200	0.12±0.07^c	0.21±0.05^c	0.25±0.06^b	0.28±0.08^b	0.26±0.06^b	0.26±0.07^b
1 500	0.15±0.06^c	0.19±0.03^c	0.22±0.05^b	0.26±0.06^b	0.29±0.06^b	0.32±0.06^b

图2 不同浓度二甲戊灵下龙葵生理指标变化注:2-1为二甲戊灵对龙葵叶绿素含量的影响;2-2为二甲戊灵对龙葵可溶性糖含量的影响;2-3为二甲戊灵对龙葵可溶性蛋白含量的影响。图中数值0、300、600、900、1 200、1 500分别表示喷施二甲戊灵浓度为0、300、600、900、1 200、1 500 g.a.i./hm2,小写字母表示在0.05水平下差异显著。

Fig.2 Effect of Pendimethalin on the physiological indicators of Solanum nigrum L. Note: 2-1 is the effect of pendimethalin on the chlorophyll content of Solanum nigrum L.;2-2 is the effect of pendimethalin on the soluble sugar content of Solanum nigrum L.;2-3 is the effect of pendimethalin on the soluble protein content of Solanum nigrum L.Values 0, 300, 600, 900, 1,200, 1,500 in the figure indicate that the spraying pendimethalin concentration is 0, 300, 600, 900, 1,200, 1,500 g.a.i/hm2, and lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

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