不同脱绒方式及PEG胁迫下对棉花种子活力及幼苗性状的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同脱绒方式对PEG胁迫下棉花种子活力及幼苗性状的影响,为生产高活力棉花种子提供理论依据。【方法】以新陆早64号棉籽为材料,设T₁(硫酸脱绒)、T₂(激光脱短绒)、T₃(激光脱长绒)3个脱绒处理,在CK(0%)、P₅(5%)、P₁₅(15%)和P₂₅(25%)4个PEG-8000浓度模拟干旱处理下,进行标准发芽试验。【结果】随着PEG-8000浓度的升高,各处理棉花种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗营养器官干重、苗长、可溶性糖含量及过氧化物酶活性下降,丙二醛、脯氨酸含量显著增加,幼苗茎平均直径、根体积及平均直径呈先增加后减少的趋势。不同脱绒方式对棉花种子发芽率和发芽势影响显著,其中,发芽率、发芽势、根体积、根平均直径、脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性表现为T₁>T₂>T₃,发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗茎平均直径、根长、根表面积等表现为T₁>T₃>T₂,可溶性糖和丙二醛含量表现为T₃>T₂>T₁。【结论】与硫酸脱绒方式相比,激光脱绒降低了棉籽的发芽率和发芽势,但提高了种子活力及抗旱性。

关键词: 棉花; 脱绒方式; 干旱胁迫; 种子活力

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of different delinting modes on cotton seed vigor and seedling characteristics under PEG stress in the hope of providing theoretical support for producing cotton seeds with high vigor.【Methods】 Xinluzao 64 was used as the experimental material and three delinting treatments including T₁ (sulfuric acid), T₂ (laser) and T₃ (laser) were set.Then standard germination test was carried out under four modes CK (0%), P₅ (5%), P₁₅ (15%) and P₂₅ (25%) of PEG-8000 concentration.【Results】 With the increase of PEG-8000 concentration, the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, dry weight of vegetative organs, plant length, contents of soluble sugar and peroxidase decreased at seedling stage.While the contents of malondialdehyde and proline significantly increased.Simultaneously, the average of stem diameter, volume and average diameter of root increased first and then decreased at seedling stage.Significant effects were found on cotton seed germination rate and germination potential under different delinting methods.Among them, germination rate, germination potential, root volume, average root diameter, the contents of proline and peroxidase showed T₁ > T₂ > T₃ under three delinting methods.The germination index, vigor index, average stem diameter, root length and root surface area were performed as T₁ > T₃ > T₂.The contents of soluble sugar and malondialdehyde indicated T₃ > T₂ > T₁ among three delinting modes.【Conclusion】 Compared with delinting method of sulfuric acid depilation, the germination rate and germination potential of cotton seeds are reduced using laser depilation method, the seed vitality and drought resistance is improved.

Key words: cotton; delinting mode; drought stress; seed vigor

中图分类号:

S562

米尔扎提·木塔力甫, 石秀楠, 柏军兵, 祖拜代·阿布都克日木, 吾勒加勒哈斯·阿扎提, 石书兵. 不同脱绒方式及PEG胁迫下对棉花种子活力及幼苗性状的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1561-1568.

Mierzhati Mutalifu, SHI Xiunan, BO Junbing, Zubaidai Abudukerimu, Wulejialehasi Azhati, SHI Shubing. Effects of different delinting modes on seed vigor and seedling characteristics of cotton under PEG stress[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(7): 1561-1568.

图/表 5

参考文献 24

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项目 Items	处理 Treatment	CK	P₅	P₁₅	P₂₅	均值 Average
发芽势 Germination potential (%)	T₁	74.00^a	65.55^b	65.34^b	51.11^c	64.00^a
	T₂	60.22^{a b}	65.33^a	58.67^b	45.55^c	57.44^b
	T₃	61.56^a	63.56^a	57.56^a	39.33^b	55.50^b
	均值	65.26^a	64.81^a	60.52^b	45.33^c
发芽率 Germination percentage (%)	T₁	89.78^a	89.33^a	79.33^b	59.11^c	79.39^a
	T₂	79.11^a	84.40^a	78.00^a	53.11^b	73.67^b
	T₃	78.22^a	76.22^a	74.22^a	48.44^b	69.27^c
	均值	82.37^a	83.33^a	77.18^b	53.56^c
发芽指数 Germination index	T₁	86.95^a	82.02^a	86.37^a	63.54^b	79.72^a
	T₂	60.88^b	83.26^a	76.69^a	56.41^b	69.31^b
	T₃	84.21^a	81.49^a	75.44^a	48.22^b	72.34^b
	均值	77.35^a	82.26^a	79.50^a	56.06^b
活力指数 Vigor index	T₁	7.98^a	7.60^a	3.97^b	3.41^b	5.74^a
	T₂	5.47^a	6.67^a	3.77^b	2.75^b	4.665^b
	T₃	7.71^a	7.35^a	3.97^b	2.44^c	5.37^a
	均值	7.05^a	7.21^a	3.90^b	2.87^c

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	CK	P₅	P₁₅	P₂₅	均值 Average
发芽势 Germination potential (%)	T₁	74.00^a	65.55^b	65.34^b	51.11^c	64.00^a
	T₂	60.22^{a b}	65.33^a	58.67^b	45.55^c	57.44^b
	T₃	61.56^a	63.56^a	57.56^a	39.33^b	55.50^b
	均值	65.26^a	64.81^a	60.52^b	45.33^c
发芽率 Germination percentage (%)	T₁	89.78^a	89.33^a	79.33^b	59.11^c	79.39^a
	T₂	79.11^a	84.40^a	78.00^a	53.11^b	73.67^b
	T₃	78.22^a	76.22^a	74.22^a	48.44^b	69.27^c
	均值	82.37^a	83.33^a	77.18^b	53.56^c
发芽指数 Germination index	T₁	86.95^a	82.02^a	86.37^a	63.54^b	79.72^a
	T₂	60.88^b	83.26^a	76.69^a	56.41^b	69.31^b
	T₃	84.21^a	81.49^a	75.44^a	48.22^b	72.34^b
	均值	77.35^a	82.26^a	79.50^a	56.06^b
活力指数 Vigor index	T₁	7.98^a	7.60^a	3.97^b	3.41^b	5.74^a
	T₂	5.47^a	6.67^a	3.77^b	2.75^b	4.665^b
	T₃	7.71^a	7.35^a	3.97^b	2.44^c	5.37^a
	均值	7.05^a	7.21^a	3.90^b	2.87^c

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	CK	P₅	P₁₅	P₂₅	均值 Average
叶 Leaf (g)	T₁	0.29^a	0.30^a	0.14^b	0.17^b	0.23^a
	T₂	0.29^a	0.28^a	0.16^b	0.16^b	0.22^a
	T₃	0.30^a	0.30^a	0.16^b	0.16^b	0.23^a
	均值	0.29^a	0.29^a	0.15^b	0.16^b
茎 Stem (g)	T₁	0.12^a	0.12^a	0.04^b	0.05^b	0.08^a
	T₂	0.11^a	0.07^b	0.05^c	0.05^bc	0.07^b
	T₃	0.11^a	0.11^a	0.05^b	0.05^b	0.08^ab
	均值	0.11^a	0.10^a	0.05^b	0.05^b
根 Root (g)	T₁	0.05^a	0.04^a	0.04^a	0.05^a	0.05^a
	T₂	0.06^a	0.05^bc	0.04^ab	0.04^b	0.05^a
	T₃	0.05^a	0.04^a	0.05^a	0.05^a	0.05^a
	均值	0.05^a	0.04^a	0.04^a	0.05^a

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	CK	P₅	P₁₅	P₂₅	均值 Average
叶 Leaf (g)	T₁	0.29^a	0.30^a	0.14^b	0.17^b	0.23^a
	T₂	0.29^a	0.28^a	0.16^b	0.16^b	0.22^a
	T₃	0.30^a	0.30^a	0.16^b	0.16^b	0.23^a
	均值	0.29^a	0.29^a	0.15^b	0.16^b
茎 Stem (g)	T₁	0.12^a	0.12^a	0.04^b	0.05^b	0.08^a
	T₂	0.11^a	0.07^b	0.05^c	0.05^bc	0.07^b
	T₃	0.11^a	0.11^a	0.05^b	0.05^b	0.08^ab
	均值	0.11^a	0.10^a	0.05^b	0.05^b
根 Root (g)	T₁	0.05^a	0.04^a	0.04^a	0.05^a	0.05^a
	T₂	0.06^a	0.05^bc	0.04^ab	0.04^b	0.05^a
	T₃	0.05^a	0.04^a	0.05^a	0.05^a	0.05^a
	均值	0.05^a	0.04^a	0.04^a	0.05^a

项目 Items	处理 Treatment	CK	P₅	P₁₅	P₂₅	均值 Average
长度 Length (cm)	T₁	7.61^a	9.68^a	10.74^a	9.63^a	9.41^a
	T₂	10.96^a	8.86^a	9.91^a	9.06^a	9.70^a
	T₃	11.28^a	10.19^a	9.08^a	9.55^a	10.03^a
	均值	9.95^a	9.58^a	9.91^a	9.42^a
表面积 Surface area (cm²)	T₁	5.86^a	6.20^a	4.54^a	4.93^a	5.38^a
	T₂	5.86^a	5.13^ab	4.83^ab	3.73^b	4.89^a
	T₃	5.09^ab	6.78^a	4.17^b	4.55^b	5.15^a
	均值	5.60^a	6.04^a	4.52^b	4.40^b
体积 Volume (cm³)	T₁	0.27^ab	0.33^a	0.17^b	0.21^b	0.24^a
	T₂	0.27^a	0.25^ab	0.20^ab	0.15^b	0.22^a
	T₃	0.20^b	0.38^a	0.17^b	0.18^b	0.23^a
	均值	0.25^b	0.32^a	0.18^c	0.18^c
茎平均直径(mm) Mean size	T₁	0.26^b	0.31^a	0.19^c	0.25^b	0.25^a
	T₂	0.25^ab	0.26^a	0.22^ab	0.20^b	0.23^a
	T₃	0.19^b	0.34^a	0.20^b	0.21^b	0.24^a
	均值	0.23^b	0.30^a	0.20^b	0.22^b