新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1398-1405.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.012
• 种质资源·耕作栽培·生理生化·土壤肥料·分子遗传学 • 上一篇 下一篇
刘兴宇1(), 袁建钰2, 李广2(
), 张娟2, 徐万恒1, 张霞霞3
收稿日期:
2022-07-21
出版日期:
2023-06-20
发布日期:
2023-06-20
通信作者:
李广(1971-),男,内蒙古化德人,教授,研究方向为农业生态,(E-mail)lig@ggsau.edu.cn作者简介:
刘兴宇(1996-),男,甘肃临泽人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业信息化,(E-mail)1819233310@qq.com
基金资助:
LIU Xingyu1(), YUAN Jianyu2, LI Guang2(
), ZHANG Juan2, XU Wanheng1, ZHANG Xiaxia3
Received:
2022-07-21
Published:
2023-06-20
Online:
2023-06-20
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究陇中黄土高原不同施肥和品种对旱作春小麦养分含量及产量的影响,筛选施肥与品种的高产高效组合。【方法】以陇中黄土高原春小麦为研究对象,分析不同施肥(N:单施有机肥、M:单施氮肥、NM:氮肥有机肥配施)及不同品种(甘春27号、甘春32号)处理下春小麦干物质量、化学计量特征及产量的变化规律。【结果】(1)NM处理可显著提高春小麦干物质量、全氮含量和产量。(2)同一施肥处理下甘春32号干物质量,茎、叶中全氮含量,穗粒数,穗数和产量均高于甘春27号。(3)不同施肥与品种组合处理下春小麦全氮含量和产量均存在显著差异,其中,甘春32号NM处理下春小麦干物质量、全氮含量和产量最高。NM处理可以缩小不同品种春小麦产量的差距。M处理显著降低了甘春27号根、叶干重,但对甘春32号无显著影响。【结论】在陇中黄土高原旱作地区,甘春32号选用氮肥有机肥配施是春小麦高产高效组合。
中图分类号:
刘兴宇, 袁建钰, 李广, 张娟, 徐万恒, 张霞霞. 陇中黄土高原春小麦品种和优化施肥[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1398-1405.
LIU Xingyu, YUAN Jianyu, LI Guang, ZHANG Juan, XU Wanheng, ZHANG Xiaxia. Study on Spring Wheat Varieties and Fertilization Optimization in the Loess Plateau of Longzhong[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1398-1405.
品种 Variety | 施肥处理 Fertili- zation treatment | 施肥量 Fertilizer amount (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|
甘春27号 Ganchun27 | N | 折合年施氮量105 |
M | 折合年施氮量105 | |
NM | 施有机肥折合年施氮量52.5 施化学氮肥含氮量52.5 | |
甘春32号 Ganchun32 | N | 折合年施氮量105 |
M | 折合年施氮量105 | |
NM | 施有机肥折合年施氮量52.5 施化学氮肥含氮量52.5 |
表1 样地情况
Tab.1 Sample site description sheet
品种 Variety | 施肥处理 Fertili- zation treatment | 施肥量 Fertilizer amount (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|
甘春27号 Ganchun27 | N | 折合年施氮量105 |
M | 折合年施氮量105 | |
NM | 施有机肥折合年施氮量52.5 施化学氮肥含氮量52.5 | |
甘春32号 Ganchun32 | N | 折合年施氮量105 |
M | 折合年施氮量105 | |
NM | 施有机肥折合年施氮量52.5 施化学氮肥含氮量52.5 |
品种 Variety | 施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 根干重 Root dry weight(g) | 茎干重 Stem dry weight(g) | 叶干重 Leaf dry weight(g) | 穗干重 Spike dry weight(g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
甘春27号 Ganchun27 | N | 1.67±0.06b | 2.10±0.33b | 0.31±0.04b | 2.56±0.3 |
M | 0.83±0.09c | 1.16±0.05c | 0.21±0.01c | 2.23±0.17c | |
NM | 2.17±0.24a | 2.09±0.38b | 0.31±0.03b | 3.28±0.4 | |
甘春32号 Ganchun32 | N | 2.33±0.12a | 2.75±0.1 | 0.47±0.03a | 2.63±0.1 |
M | 2.14±0.10a | 2.15±0.07b | 0.45±0.03a | 2.47±0.1 | |
NM | 2.37±0.09a | 2.87±0.13a | 0.50±0.01a | 3.93±0.17a |
表2 不同施肥处理下春小麦干物质量和收获指数变化
Tab.2 Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on the Growth Indexes of Spring Wheat
品种 Variety | 施肥处理 Fertilization treatment | 根干重 Root dry weight(g) | 茎干重 Stem dry weight(g) | 叶干重 Leaf dry weight(g) | 穗干重 Spike dry weight(g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
甘春27号 Ganchun27 | N | 1.67±0.06b | 2.10±0.33b | 0.31±0.04b | 2.56±0.3 |
M | 0.83±0.09c | 1.16±0.05c | 0.21±0.01c | 2.23±0.17c | |
NM | 2.17±0.24a | 2.09±0.38b | 0.31±0.03b | 3.28±0.4 | |
甘春32号 Ganchun32 | N | 2.33±0.12a | 2.75±0.1 | 0.47±0.03a | 2.63±0.1 |
M | 2.14±0.10a | 2.15±0.07b | 0.45±0.03a | 2.47±0.1 | |
NM | 2.37±0.09a | 2.87±0.13a | 0.50±0.01a | 3.93±0.17a |
图1 不同施肥处理下两种春小麦根茎叶养分化学计量变化 注:不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著
Fig.1 Effects of different fertilization treatments on the stoichiometry of nutrients in roots, stems and leaves of two spring wheat Note:Different lowercase letters means significant different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level
品种 Variety | 施肥处理 Fertili- zation treatment | 穗粒数 Grain number per spike | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight(g) | 穗数 Spike number (104 /hm2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
甘春27号 Ganchun27 | N | 32±0.57bc | 46.36±0.364b | 156.26±1.02cd | 2 363.19±48.8d |
M | 31±1.73c | 42.30±0.60c | 149.33±6.89d | 2 142.11±72.74e | |
NM | 35±1.76abc | 48.85±0.67a | 169.02±1.91bc | 2 617.58±111.26c | |
甘春32号 Ganchun32 | N | 36±2.18ab | 46.12±0.35b | 173.33±3.4ab | 2 997.60±22.83ab |
M | 34±0.66bc | 43.78±0.39c | 161.67±1.2bcd | 2 879.44±30.6b | |
NM | 39±0.88a | 46.91±0.55b | 182.07±5.5a | 3 110.03±66.54a |
表3 不同施肥处理下春小麦产量构成因素和产量变化
Tab.3 Effects of different treatments on factors of yield and yield level of spring wheat
品种 Variety | 施肥处理 Fertili- zation treatment | 穗粒数 Grain number per spike | 千粒重 Thousand grain weight(g) | 穗数 Spike number (104 /hm2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
甘春27号 Ganchun27 | N | 32±0.57bc | 46.36±0.364b | 156.26±1.02cd | 2 363.19±48.8d |
M | 31±1.73c | 42.30±0.60c | 149.33±6.89d | 2 142.11±72.74e | |
NM | 35±1.76abc | 48.85±0.67a | 169.02±1.91bc | 2 617.58±111.26c | |
甘春32号 Ganchun32 | N | 36±2.18ab | 46.12±0.35b | 173.33±3.4ab | 2 997.60±22.83ab |
M | 34±0.66bc | 43.78±0.39c | 161.67±1.2bcd | 2 879.44±30.6b | |
NM | 39±0.88a | 46.91±0.55b | 182.07±5.5a | 3 110.03±66.54a |
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