新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 951-957.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.04.020
王泽鹏1(), 梁志国1, 刘胜尧2, 贾宋楠2, 范凤翠2(
), 张哲2, 杜凤焕2, 秦勇1(
)
收稿日期:
2022-08-05
出版日期:
2023-04-20
发布日期:
2023-05-06
通信作者:
秦勇(1962-),男,甘肃人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)352167610@qq.com;作者简介:
王泽鹏(1994-),男,山西人,硕士研究生,研究方向为蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)1119802932@qq.com
基金资助:
WANG Zepeng1(), LIANG Zhiguo1, LIU Shengyao2, JIA Songnan2, FAN Fengcui2(
), ZHANG Zhe2, DU Fenghuan2, QIN Yong1(
)
Received:
2022-08-05
Published:
2023-04-20
Online:
2023-05-06
Correspondence author:
QIN Yong (1962-), male, from Gansu, professor, PhD/Master's supervisor, research direction is vegetable cultivation and physiology, (E-mail) 352167610@qq.com;Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究不同氮肥用量对日光温室茄子产量、品质以及养分积累的影响,为设施茄子精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以茄子品种茄杂2号作为材料,采用田间小区试验,设置4个施氮处理,以不施肥处理作为对照,测定不同施氮处理下茄子的产量、营养品质、干物质积累量以及养分积累量。【结果】茄子产量随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,适量的施氮量有助于提高茄子产量;试验F3处理产量最高,为62 839 kg/hm2,比不施肥处理高36.05%。各施氮处理中,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白的含量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,并且均以F3处理最高,分别为1.83%、52.59 mg/g、1.8 mg/g。VC含量是F4处理最高,为7.44 mg/100g。各施氮处理的硝酸盐含量随施氮量的减少而降低,F5处理最低,为654.56 mg/kg。茄子植株氮素、磷素、钾素的积累量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,均以F3处理最高,分别为232.67、34.32和304.99 kg/hm2。【结论】合理氮肥用量不仅可以显著提高茄子产量,改善果实的营养品质,还可以增加植株的养分积累量。F3处理(茄子苗期氮108 kg/hm2、磷49.2 kg/hm2、钾169.9 kg/hm2,结果期氮421.5 kg/hm2、磷174.9 kg/hm2、钾519.4 kg/hm2)是日光温室茄子适宜的施肥量,产量高且品质好,植株养分积累多。
中图分类号:
王泽鹏, 梁志国, 刘胜尧, 贾宋楠, 范凤翠, 张哲, 杜凤焕, 秦勇. 不同施氮量对设施茄子产量、品质及养分积累的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(4): 951-957.
WANG Zepeng, LIANG Zhiguo, LIU Shengyao, JIA Songnan, FAN Fengcui, ZHANG Zhe, DU Fenghuan, QIN Yong. Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the yield, quality and nutrient accumulation of greenhouse eggplant[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(4): 951-957.
处理 Treatment | 施肥量 Fertilization treatment(kg/hm2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling period | 结果期 Result period | 总量 Total | |||||||
N | P | K | N | P | K | N | P | K | |
F1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
F2 | 168.4 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 655.1 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 823.5 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
F3 | 108 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 421.5 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 529.5 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
F4 | 77.8 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 304.7 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 382.5 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
F5 | 59.7 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 234.7 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 294.3 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
表1 茄子各施肥处理设计
Tab.1 The different fertilization treatment of eggplant
处理 Treatment | 施肥量 Fertilization treatment(kg/hm2) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling period | 结果期 Result period | 总量 Total | |||||||
N | P | K | N | P | K | N | P | K | |
F1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
F2 | 168.4 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 655.1 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 823.5 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
F3 | 108 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 421.5 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 529.5 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
F4 | 77.8 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 304.7 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 382.5 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
F5 | 59.7 | 49.2 | 169.9 | 234.7 | 174.9 | 519.4 | 294.3 | 224.1 | 689.3 |
处理 Treatments | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg/g) | 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg/g) | 硝酸盐 Nitrate (mg/kg) | VC Vitamin C (mg/100g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 1.57c | 41.29d | 1.53c | 489.94c | 5.34d |
F2 | 1.60c | 42.86c | 1.56c | 718.13a | 5.98c |
F3 | 1.83a | 52.59a | 1.80a | 690.11ab | 7.28ab |
F4 | 1.73b | 46.75b | 1.78a | 658.60b | 7.44a |
F5 | 1.70b | 43.93c | 1.71b | 654.56b | 7.12b |
表2 不同施氮处理下设施茄子品质变化
Tab.2 Effect of different nitrogen treatments on the quality of eggplant
处理 Treatments | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg/g) | 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein (mg/g) | 硝酸盐 Nitrate (mg/kg) | VC Vitamin C (mg/100g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 1.57c | 41.29d | 1.53c | 489.94c | 5.34d |
F2 | 1.60c | 42.86c | 1.56c | 718.13a | 5.98c |
F3 | 1.83a | 52.59a | 1.80a | 690.11ab | 7.28ab |
F4 | 1.73b | 46.75b | 1.78a | 658.60b | 7.44a |
F5 | 1.70b | 43.93c | 1.71b | 654.56b | 7.12b |
处理 Treatments | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaf | 果 Fruit | 总量 Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 1 153.51b | 1 703.48b | 4 159.68d | 7 016.68d |
F2 | 1 572.99a | 2 371.94a | 4 476.01c | 8 420.72c |
F3 | 1 551.43a | 2 355.71a | 5 941.41a | 9 848.56a |
F4 | 1 494.75a | 2 301.69a | 5 412.12b | 9 208.56b |
F5 | 1 479.41a | 2 261.68a | 5 327.64b | 9 068.73b |
表3 茄子各器官干物质积累量
Tab.3 Dry matter accumulation of eggplant in different organs(kg/hm2)
处理 Treatments | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaf | 果 Fruit | 总量 Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 1 153.51b | 1 703.48b | 4 159.68d | 7 016.68d |
F2 | 1 572.99a | 2 371.94a | 4 476.01c | 8 420.72c |
F3 | 1 551.43a | 2 355.71a | 5 941.41a | 9 848.56a |
F4 | 1 494.75a | 2 301.69a | 5 412.12b | 9 208.56b |
F5 | 1 479.41a | 2 261.68a | 5 327.64b | 9 068.73b |
元素 Element | 处理 Treat ments | 茎积累量 Stem uptake (kg/hm2) | 叶积累量 Leaf uptake (kg/hm2) | 果积累量 Fruit uptake (kg/hm2) | 全株积累量 Total pant uptake (kg/hm2) | 肥料利用率 Utilization rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 12.76c | 28.29c | 82.68e | 123.74e | - | |
F2 | 27.60a | 42.47a | 92.18d | 162.26d | 4.68c | |
N | F3 | 26.42a | 40.58ab | 153.46a | 220.46a | 17.80b |
F4 | 23.65b | 38.40b | 136.18b | 198.22b | 20.01ab | |
F5 | 22.90b | 38.03b | 126.38c | 187.32c | 21.60a | |
F1 | 4.82c | 6.45c | 10.27d | 21.54d | - | |
F2 | 9.80a | 10.06a | 11.59c | 31.46c | 4.42b | |
P | F3 | 8.81b | 9.76ab | 18.25a | 36.83a | 6.82a |
F4 | 8.58b | 9.03ab | 16.11b | 33.72b | 5.19b | |
F5 | 8.08b | 8.74b | 15.03b | 31.84bc | 4.60b | |
F1 | 45.83c | 70.53c | 119.99d | 236.35c | - | |
F2 | 85.67a | 114.11a | 144.76c | 344.53b | 15.70b | |
K | F3 | 80.97ab | 110.95ab | 214.93a | 406.85a | 23.78a |
F4 | 75.01ab | 106.81ab | 182.90b | 364.72b | 18.62b | |
F5 | 72.58b | 104.32b | 178.60b | 355.51b | 17.29b |
表4 不同施氮量下茄子各器官养分积累量变化
Tab.4 Effect of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on nutrient up take of different eggplant organs
元素 Element | 处理 Treat ments | 茎积累量 Stem uptake (kg/hm2) | 叶积累量 Leaf uptake (kg/hm2) | 果积累量 Fruit uptake (kg/hm2) | 全株积累量 Total pant uptake (kg/hm2) | 肥料利用率 Utilization rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 12.76c | 28.29c | 82.68e | 123.74e | - | |
F2 | 27.60a | 42.47a | 92.18d | 162.26d | 4.68c | |
N | F3 | 26.42a | 40.58ab | 153.46a | 220.46a | 17.80b |
F4 | 23.65b | 38.40b | 136.18b | 198.22b | 20.01ab | |
F5 | 22.90b | 38.03b | 126.38c | 187.32c | 21.60a | |
F1 | 4.82c | 6.45c | 10.27d | 21.54d | - | |
F2 | 9.80a | 10.06a | 11.59c | 31.46c | 4.42b | |
P | F3 | 8.81b | 9.76ab | 18.25a | 36.83a | 6.82a |
F4 | 8.58b | 9.03ab | 16.11b | 33.72b | 5.19b | |
F5 | 8.08b | 8.74b | 15.03b | 31.84bc | 4.60b | |
F1 | 45.83c | 70.53c | 119.99d | 236.35c | - | |
F2 | 85.67a | 114.11a | 144.76c | 344.53b | 15.70b | |
K | F3 | 80.97ab | 110.95ab | 214.93a | 406.85a | 23.78a |
F4 | 75.01ab | 106.81ab | 182.90b | 364.72b | 18.62b | |
F5 | 72.58b | 104.32b | 178.60b | 355.51b | 17.29b |
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[13] | 张承洁, 胡浩然, 段松江, 吴一帆, 张巨松. 氮肥与密度互作对海岛棉生长发育及产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1821-1830. |
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[15] | 陈芳, 李字辉, 王兵跃, 孙孝贵, 张庭军. 微生物菌剂对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(8): 1853-1860. |
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