新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 2614-2620.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.002
罗静静1(), 李怀胜1, 王贺亚1(
), 艾海峰1, 王斌1, 张磊2(
)
收稿日期:
2021-11-30
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-12-28
通信作者:
张磊(1982-),陕西三原人,副研究员,研究方向为土壤肥料与水肥一体化,(E-mail)zhanglei3127@163.com;作者简介:
罗静静(1989-),男,河南扶沟人,助理研究员,研究方向为作物栽培与作物病虫害,(E-mail)860220521@qq.com
基金资助:
LUO Jingjing1(), LI Huaisheng1, WANG Heya1(
), AI Haifeng1, WANG Bing1, ZHANG Lei2(
)
Received:
2021-11-30
Published:
2022-11-20
Online:
2022-12-28
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响,为新疆塔额盆地春小麦化肥减量提供理论基础。【方法】以春小麦品种宁春16号为材料,设置5个处理,其中1个空白对照A(N0P0K0)1个农户处理E(N240P105K37.5)和3个对氮肥、磷肥的减量处理B(N120P52.5K37.5)、C(N120P105K37.5)、D(N240P52.5K37.5)的田间试验,对照处理为A、农户E处理,分析在水肥一体化条件下的不同化肥减量对春小麦农艺性状、叶面积指数、产量构成、干物质积累与转运、农学效率的影响。【结果】处理C施肥量下,在开花期LAI达到7.14,显著高于对照A、E处理,花前转运量、转运率及物质转运对籽粒的贡献率在C处理达到最高,花后干物质积累量对产量的贡献率达到75.29%。处理C比其它处理提高了5%~24%;氮肥减少50%、磷肥不变C处理时产量达到最高为7 964.84 kg/hm2,较对照显著提高,比其他减肥模式产量提高了4.52%~24.09%。【结论】小麦处理C模式下表现最优,在小麦生产过程中合理的减量施氮可以获得高产;C(N120P105K37.5)处理的化肥减量模式更适合新疆种植春小麦。
中图分类号:
罗静静, 李怀胜, 王贺亚, 艾海峰, 王斌, 张磊. 基于水肥一体化条件下化肥减量对春小麦的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2614-2620.
LUO Jingjing, LI Huaisheng, WANG Heya, AI Haifeng, WANG Bing, ZHANG Lei. Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Spring Wheat Based on Water and Fertilizer Integration[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2614-2620.
生育阶段 Growing stage | 基肥 Base fertilizer | 出苗—拔节 Emergenc- Jointing | 拔节—开花 Jointing- Flowering | 开花—成熟 Flowering- Maturity | 全生育期 Whole growth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分 Water | 分配比例(%) | 30 | 40 | 30 | 100 | |
灌水量(m3/667m2) | 70~75 | 112~120 | 70~75 | 252~270 | ||
灌水次数 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | ||
氮肥 Nitrogen | 分配比例(%) | 35 | 40 | 25 | 100 | |
施肥次数 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | ||
磷肥 Phosphorus | 分配比例(%) | 30 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 100 |
施肥次数 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
钾肥 Potassium | 分配比例(%) | 35 | 35 | 30 | 100 | |
施肥次数 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
表1 滴灌春小麦水肥一体化技术灌水施肥模式
Table 1 Water and fertilizer integration technology and irrigation and fertilization mode of drip irrigation spring wheat
生育阶段 Growing stage | 基肥 Base fertilizer | 出苗—拔节 Emergenc- Jointing | 拔节—开花 Jointing- Flowering | 开花—成熟 Flowering- Maturity | 全生育期 Whole growth | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分 Water | 分配比例(%) | 30 | 40 | 30 | 100 | |
灌水量(m3/667m2) | 70~75 | 112~120 | 70~75 | 252~270 | ||
灌水次数 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | ||
氮肥 Nitrogen | 分配比例(%) | 35 | 40 | 25 | 100 | |
施肥次数 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | ||
磷肥 Phosphorus | 分配比例(%) | 30 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 100 |
施肥次数 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||
钾肥 Potassium | 分配比例(%) | 35 | 35 | 30 | 100 | |
施肥次数 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 穗长 Spike length (cm) | 小穗数 Spike number (个) | 单穗粒重 Spike grain weigh (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | N0P0K0 | 68.30b | 7.17c | 11.60d | 1.66c |
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 69.39b | 7.42b | 12.71c | 1.69bc |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 70.92a | 7.68a | 14.91a | 1.85a |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 70.74a | 7.43b | 13.76b | 1.76b |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 69.44b | 7.27c | 12.97c | 1.72bc |
表2 不同化肥减量下滴灌春小麦农艺性状变化
Table 2 Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on Agronomic Characters of spring wheat under drip irrigation
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 穗长 Spike length (cm) | 小穗数 Spike number (个) | 单穗粒重 Spike grain weigh (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | N0P0K0 | 68.30b | 7.17c | 11.60d | 1.66c |
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 69.39b | 7.42b | 12.71c | 1.69bc |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 70.92a | 7.68a | 14.91a | 1.85a |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 70.74a | 7.43b | 13.76b | 1.76b |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 69.44b | 7.27c | 12.97c | 1.72bc |
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 营养器官花前贮藏干物质 Dry matter in vegetative organs before anthesis | 花后干物质 Dry matter after anthesis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质转运量 Transfer amount (kg/hm2) | 转运率 Transfer rate (%) | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 积累量 Accumulation amoune (kg/hm2) | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | ||
A | N0P0K0 | 1 518.47c | 18.22c | 25.12b | 4 151.52e | 68.67b |
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 1 234.62d | 14.34d | 19.70c | 4 420.38d | 70.51b |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 2 658.07a | 27.12a | 33.43a | 5 996.93a | 75.29a |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 2 034.00b | 21.28b | 26.75b | 5 481.00b | 72.07ab |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 2 175.00b | 23.87b | 31.04a | 5 010.00c | 71.47b |
表3 不同化肥减量下春小麦的干物质积累及转运特性变化
Table 3 changes of dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics of spring wheat under chemical fertilizer reduction
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 营养器官花前贮藏干物质 Dry matter in vegetative organs before anthesis | 花后干物质 Dry matter after anthesis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
干物质转运量 Transfer amount (kg/hm2) | 转运率 Transfer rate (%) | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | 积累量 Accumulation amoune (kg/hm2) | 贡献率 Contribution rate (%) | ||
A | N0P0K0 | 1 518.47c | 18.22c | 25.12b | 4 151.52e | 68.67b |
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 1 234.62d | 14.34d | 19.70c | 4 420.38d | 70.51b |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 2 658.07a | 27.12a | 33.43a | 5 996.93a | 75.29a |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 2 034.00b | 21.28b | 26.75b | 5 481.00b | 72.07ab |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 2 175.00b | 23.87b | 31.04a | 5 010.00c | 71.47b |
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 千粒重 1 000-grain weight (g) | 穗数 Spike number (104/hm2) | 穗数粒 Spike number (粒) | 实际产量 Actual output (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | N0P0K0 | 40.88c | 487.25b | 34.93c | 6 045.97d |
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 44.19bc | 510.86b | 37.20b | 6 269.20d |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 49.79a | 578.44a | 43.97a | 7 964.84a |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 43.03bc | 565.31a | 43.60a | 7 604.82b |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 48.18ab | 557.25a | 41.73a | 7 009.79c |
表4 不同化肥减量下春小麦的产量及其产量构成
Table 4 Yield and yield components of spring wheat under chemical fertilizer reduction
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 千粒重 1 000-grain weight (g) | 穗数 Spike number (104/hm2) | 穗数粒 Spike number (粒) | 实际产量 Actual output (kg/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | N0P0K0 | 40.88c | 487.25b | 34.93c | 6 045.97d |
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 44.19bc | 510.86b | 37.20b | 6 269.20d |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 49.79a | 578.44a | 43.97a | 7 964.84a |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 43.03bc | 565.31a | 43.60a | 7 604.82b |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 48.18ab | 557.25a | 41.73a | 7 009.79c |
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 氮肥农学效率 Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen of ertilizer (kg/kg) | 磷肥农学效率 Agronomic efficiency of phosphare fertilizer (kg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
A | N0P0K0 | ||
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 1.86 | 2.13 |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 16.00 | 18.27 |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 13.00 | 14.85 |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 8.03 | 9.18 |
表5 不同氮肥处理下农学效率变化
Table 5 Agronomic efficiency of different nitroge fertilizer treatwent(kg/kg)
编号 Number | 处理 Treatment | 氮肥农学效率 Agronomic efficiency of nitrogen of ertilizer (kg/kg) | 磷肥农学效率 Agronomic efficiency of phosphare fertilizer (kg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
A | N0P0K0 | ||
B | N120P52.5K37.5 | 1.86 | 2.13 |
C | N120P105K37.5 | 16.00 | 18.27 |
D | N240P52.5K37.5 | 13.00 | 14.85 |
E | N240P105K37.5 | 8.03 | 9.18 |
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