新疆棉花生产品种机采农艺性状分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.006

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 1084-1092.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.006

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化·种质资源 • 上一篇下一篇

新疆棉花生产品种机采农艺性状分析

张哲¹(), 热比耶·玉荪², 买买提·莫明³, 吾买尔江·库尔班⁴, 艾先涛³(), 高山¹()

1.塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔 843300
2.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
4.新疆农业科学院库车陆地棉试验站,新疆库车 842000

收稿日期:2021-11-27 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通信作者: 高山( 1978- ),男,新疆阿拉尔人,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物高产生理生态与节水,(E-mail) 1227081916@qq.com;艾先涛( 1979- ),男,陕西人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为棉花遗传育种,( E-mail) yixiantao@sina.com
作者简介:张哲( 1998- ),男,山西临汾人,硕士研究生,研究方向为作物高产生理生态与节水,(E-mail) 2694043151@qq.com
基金资助:
自治区科技援疆项目“新疆棉花品种DNA身份鉴定体系构建与应用研究”(2020E02097);自治区重点领域科技攻关项目“超高产棉花群体创建及调控研究”(1217088/19);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项“新疆机采棉高产优质分子设计育种技术体系研究”(XJKCPY-2021005)

Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Cotton Varieties in Xinjiang

ZHANG Zhe¹(), Rebiye Yusun², Maimaiti Moming³, Wumaierjiang Kurban⁴, AI Xiantao³(), GAO Shan¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar Xinjiang 843300, China
2. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Institute of Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
4. Kuqa Upland Cotton Test Station, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kuqa Xinjiang 842000, China

Received:2021-11-27 Published:2022-05-20 Online:2022-06-09
Correspondence author: GAO Shan (1978 -), male, from alar, Xinjiang, Professor, tutor of master's degree, research direction: physiology and ecology of crop high yield and water saving, (E-mail) 1227081916@qq.com;AI Xiantao (1979 -), male, from Western Shaanxi, researcher, master supervisor, research direction: Cotton genetics and breeding, (E-mail) yixiantao@Sina.com
Supported by:
S &T Assisting Xinjiang Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region"Construction and Application of DNA Identification System of Cotton Varieties in Xinjiang:(2020E02097);R & D Program Project in Key Fields of of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Research on the Establishment and Regulation of Super High Yield Cotton Population"(1217088/19);Key Technology Innovation Incubation Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences "Research on Molecular Design Breeding Technology System of High Yield and High Quality of Machine-picked Cotton in Xinjiang",(XJKCPY-2021005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过对新疆棉花主推品种的机采农艺性状研究,筛选出适宜机械化采收的品种类型。【方法】对100个新疆棉花生产品种的12个农艺性状进行变异、相关性、主成分和聚类分析。【结果】12个农艺性状中变异大于10%有7个性状,分别为叶枝(64.0%)、吐絮铃数(25.8%)、上部果枝第1果节长度(20.2%)、吐絮率(17.1%)、中部果枝第1果节长度(16.8%)、单株结铃数(16.0%)和果枝始节高度(11.5%)。生育期与株高呈显著正相关,与单株结铃数、吐絮铃数呈极显著负相关。株高与果枝数、果枝始节高度和单株结铃数呈极显著正相关。果枝(中部夹角,下同)夹角与中部果枝第1果节长度呈极显著正相关,与吐絮铃数呈显著负相关。果枝始节与果枝始节高度呈极显著正相关,与吐絮率呈极显著负相关。叶枝与上部果枝第1果节长度呈极显著正相关。5个主成分累计贡献率达到81.15%,主要和生育期、株高、果枝夹角、果枝始节高度、果枝始节有关。将100个棉花品种在遗传距离为44.0时划分为7类,初步筛选出第二类群中的11个品种更符合机采品种性状要求。【结论】筛选出11个更适宜机采的棉花品种。

关键词: 棉花; 机采; 农艺性状; 主成分分析; 聚类分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to select varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting through the study on the agronomic characters of the main cotton varieties in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The variation, correlation, principal component and cluster analysis of 12 agronomic characters of 100 cotton varieties in Xinjiang were carried out. 【Results】 Analysis of variation found that among the 12 agronomic traits, there were 7 traits with variation greater than 10%, whose leaf branches were (64.0%), boll number (25.8%), length of the first fruit node of the upper fruit branch (20.2%), boll rate (17.1%), length of the first fruit node of the middle fruit branch (16.8%), boll number per plant (16.0%) and height of the first fruit node of the fruit branch (11.5%). Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between growth period and plant height, and a very significant negative correlation with the number of bolls per plant and the number of bolls. The plant height was positively correlated with the number of fruit branches, the height of the initial node of fruit branches and the number of bolls per plant. The included angle of fruit branch (middle included angle, the same as below) was positively correlated with the length of the first fruit node of the middle fruit branch, and negatively correlated with the number of bolls. There was a very significant positive correlation between the initial node of fruit branch and the height of initial node of fruit branch, and a very significant negative correlation with boll opening rate. There was a very significant positive correlation between the length of the first fruit node of the leaf branch and the upper fruit branch. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the five principal components reached 81.15%, which was mainly related to the growth period, plant height, fruit branch angle, fruit branch initial node height and fruit branch initial node. Cluster analysis showed that 100 cotton varieties were divided into 7 categories when the genetic distance was 44.0, and 11 varieties in the second group were preliminarily screened, which were more in line with the character requirements of mechanically harvested varieties. 【Conclusion】 Through the comprehensive analysis of some phenotypic characters of machine-picked cotton, this paper evaluates the varieties popularized and applied in production, and 11 cotton varieties more suitable for machine picking are preliminarily selected, which provides enlightenment and reference for the improvement of agronomic characters of machine-picked cotton.

Key words: cotton; machine-picked cotton; agronomic characters; principal component analysis; cluster analysis

中图分类号:

张哲, 热比耶·玉荪, 买买提·莫明, 吾买尔江·库尔班, 艾先涛, 高山. 新疆棉花生产品种机采农艺性状分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1084-1092.

ZHANG Zhe, Rebiye Yusun, Maimaiti Moming, Wumaierjiang Kurban, AI Xiantao, GAO Shan. Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Cotton Varieties in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1084-1092.

图/表 6

表1 100个棉花品种名称

Table 1 Names of 100 cotton varieties

序号	品种名	序号	品种名	序号	品种名	序号	品种名
1	新陆中87(JM47)	26	新陆早55号	51	金垦1442	76	WY26
2	新陆中85号	27	新陆早52号	52	X1P075	77	WY25
3	新陆中84号	28	新陆早46号(JM18)	53	NH12026	78	WY24
4	新陆中82号	29	新陆早37号	54	H33-1-4	79	WY23
5	新陆中79号	30	新陆早26号	55	耕野2186	80	WY16
6	新陆中74号(JM52)	31	早84(JM06)	56	天云0769	81	WY15
7	新陆中70号(塔河)	32	早45-2(JM05)	57	禾棉A9-9	82	WY14
8	新陆中68号	33	中113	58	新垦棉1号	83	WY12
9	新陆中67号	34	中99	59	锦科棉9号	84	WY8
10	新陆中63号(杂)	35	中88	60	塔河2号	85	WY6
11	新陆中59号	36	中63	61	瑞丰818	86	WY4
12	新陆中55号	37	中49	62	瑞丰66	87	WY3
13	新陆中52号	38	中棉所96A	63	冀杂708	88	13号
14	新陆中42号(塔河)	39	中棉所88	64	国欣71	89	12号
15	新陆中38号	40	中棉所79	65	合信2012	90	11号
16	新陆中37号(塔河)	41	中棉所66	66	棉博士78	91	10号
17	新陆中36号	42	源棉11	67	创棉508	92	9号
18	新陆早84号	43	源棉7	68	惠远720	93	8号
19	新陆早77号	44	源棉6	69	WY71	94	7号
20	新陆早76号	45	巴棉66-2	70	WY62	95	6号
21	新陆早66号(JM16)	46	巴棉31	71	WY52	96	5号
22	新陆早65号	47	友质71	72	WY32	97	4号
23	新陆早64号	48	友质54	73	WY31	98	3号
24	新陆早63号	49	J206-5	74	WY30	99	2号
25	新陆早57号	50	J8031	75	WY29	100	1号

表2 100个棉花品种农艺性状变异

Table 2 Variation Analysis of agronomic characters of 100 cotton varieties

性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	极差 Range	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
X₁	123.0	158.0	35.0	141.1	6.9	4.9
X₂	62.9	112.1	49.3	94.3	8.0	8.5
X₃	9.0	14.7	5.7	11.5	0.9	8.2
X₄	5.1	7.6	2.5	6.5	0.5	7.9
X₅	21.0	38.1	17.1	26.9	3.1	11.5
X₆	45.5	65.2	19.7	57.8	3.9	6.8
X₇	3.9	9.8	5.9	6.9	1.1	16.0
X₈	0.9	6.7	5.8	4.3	1.1	25.8
X₉	0.0	1.6	1.6	0.6	0.4	64.0
X₁₀	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.1	17.1
X₁₁	4.2	14.2	10.0	9.9	2.0	20.2
X₁₂	4.8	17.5	12.7	12.5	2.1	16.8

表3 100个棉花品种的农艺性状相关性

Table 3 Correlation analysis of agronomic characters of 100 cotton varieties

性状 Trait	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂
X₁	1
X₂	0.20^*	1
X₃	-0.11	0.4 $9 * *$	1
X₄	0.4 $3 * *$	0.23^*	-0.01	1
X₅	0.19	0.5 $0 * *$	-0.07	0.4 $1 * *$	1
X₆	0.16	-0.12	0.01	0.20^*	-0.3 $1 * *$	1
X₇	-0.2 $7 * *$	0.2 $6 * *$	0.3 $1 * *$	0.04	0.19	-0.19	1
X₈	-0.5 $9 * *$	0.09	0.17	-0.16	0.03	-0.23^*	0.8 $2 * *$	1
X₉	-0.15	0	0.12	0	0.13	-0.07	0.3 $1 * *$	0.2 $8 * *$	1
X₁₀	-0.6 $9 * *$	-0.12	-0.02	-0.3 $2 * *$	-0.13	-0.18	0.3 $6 * *$	0.8 $2 * *$	0.15	1
X₁₁	0.4 $3 * *$	0.4 $1 * *$	0.21^*	0.3 $3 * *$	0.3 $5 * *$	0.16	0.15	-0.07	0.3 $1 * *$	-0.2 $6 * *$	1
X₁₂	0.3 $4 * *$	0.08	-0.01	0.3 $1 * *$	-0.03	0.4 $9 * *$	-0.11	-0.17	0.1	-0.16	0.7 $1 * *$	1

表3 100个棉花品种的农艺性状相关性

Table 3 Correlation analysis of agronomic characters of 100 cotton varieties

性状 Trait	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂
X₁	1
X₂	0.20^*	1
X₃	-0.11	0.4 $9 * *$	1
X₄	0.4 $3 * *$	0.23^*	-0.01	1
X₅	0.19	0.5 $0 * *$	-0.07	0.4 $1 * *$	1
X₆	0.16	-0.12	0.01	0.20^*	-0.3 $1 * *$	1
X₇	-0.2 $7 * *$	0.2 $6 * *$	0.3 $1 * *$	0.04	0.19	-0.19	1
X₈	-0.5 $9 * *$	0.09	0.17	-0.16	0.03	-0.23^*	0.8 $2 * *$	1
X₉	-0.15	0	0.12	0	0.13	-0.07	0.3 $1 * *$	0.2 $8 * *$	1
X₁₀	-0.6 $9 * *$	-0.12	-0.02	-0.3 $2 * *$	-0.13	-0.18	0.3 $6 * *$	0.8 $2 * *$	0.15	1
X₁₁	0.4 $3 * *$	0.4 $1 * *$	0.21^*	0.3 $3 * *$	0.3 $5 * *$	0.16	0.15	-0.07	0.3 $1 * *$	-0.2 $6 * *$	1
X₁₂	0.3 $4 * *$	0.08	-0.01	0.3 $1 * *$	-0.03	0.4 $9 * *$	-0.11	-0.17	0.1	-0.16	0.7 $1 * *$	1

表4 100个棉花品种农艺性状主成分

Table 4 Principal component analysis of agronomic characters of 100 cotton varieties

性状 Trait	因子1 Factor 1	因子2 Factor 2	因子3 Factor 3	因子4 Factor 4	因子5 Factor 5
X₁	0.45	0.03	-0.13	0.04	-0.03
X₂	0.11	0.43	-0.26	-0.36	0.13
X₃	-0.04	0.29	0.04	-0.73	-0.12
X₄	0.29	0.23	-0.05	0.26	0.45
X₅	0.11	0.36	-0.43	0.35	0.08
X₆	0.21	-0.09	0.54	-0.14	0.33
X₇	-0.27	0.42	0.05	0.01	0.15
X₈	-0.43	0.30	0.15	0.11	0.23
X₉	-0.09	0.28	0.22	0.28	-0.70
X₁₀	-0.44	0.08	0.20	0.16	0.22
X₁₁	0.29	0.41	0.23	0.07	-0.21
X₁₂	0.30	0.16	0.52	0.10	0.06
特征值 Characteri stic value	3.39	2.62	1.62	1.20	0.91
贡献率 Contribution rate(%)	28.28	21.81	13.49	9.97	7.59
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate(%)	28.28	50.10	63.58	73.56	81.15

图1 100个棉花品种农艺性状的聚类

Fig. 1 Cluster analysis of agronomic characters of 100 cotton varieties

表5 不同类群农艺性状的平均数

Table 5 Average number of agronomic characters of different groups

类群 Group	生育期 X₁	株高 X₂	果枝数 X₃	果枝始节 X₄	果枝始节高度 X₅	果枝夹角 X₆	单株结铃 X₇	吐絮铃数 X₈	叶枝 X₉	吐絮率 X₁₀	上部果枝第1 果节长度 X₁₁	中部果枝第1 果节长度 X₁₂
Ⅰ	143.8	85.2	10.7	6.1	24.7	55.0	6.4	3.7	0.5	0.6	9.0	11.9
Ⅱ	132.5	81.3	11.0	6.2	24.4	58.4	7.0	5.1	0.7	0.7	8.1	11.7
Ⅲ	147.0	102.0	11.8	6.7	29.2	56.3	7.3	4.2	0.7	0.6	11.0	11.9
Ⅳ	151.9	95.9	11.1	6.7	27.3	58.7	6.2	3.1	0.6	0.5	11.8	14.3
Ⅴ	131.0	96.4	11.9	6.1	26.8	54.8	7.3	5.1	0.5	0.7	9.4	11.8
Ⅵ	137.9	104.1	12.1	6.5	29.5	55.8	7.7	5.0	0.8	0.7	10.8	12.6
Ⅶ	141.0	93.7	11.5	6.5	26.4	60.2	6.7	4.1	0.5	0.6	9.6	12.6

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新疆棉花生产品种机采农艺性状分析

Analysis of Agronomic Characters of Cotton Varieties in Xinjiang

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