镉胁迫对3种植物生长及镉吸收和积累的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.04.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究镉胁迫对作物生长及富集特性的影响,探寻更适宜修复镉污染的植物。【方法】设计水培试验,以德高小白菜、新陆早42号棉花、野生龙葵为供试材料,人工模拟不同浓度镉胁迫条件,测定不同浓度镉胁迫下3种植物生长、镉吸收与积累。【结果】(1)镉胁迫下,棉花株高生长显著受到抑制;随镉胁迫浓度的增加,龙葵及棉花生物量下降尤为显著。(2)各处理下,棉花和小白菜地下部镉含量大于地上部,根系表现出较强的耐性与镉吸收能力;龙葵在低浓度镉(10和20 mg/kg)处理下地上部镉含量大于地下部,此时,根至茎叶表现出较强的镉转移能力。(3)高浓度镉胁迫下,龙葵的镉积累能力高于小白菜和棉花。【结论】镉胁迫下,小白菜生长无显著抑制。镉处理浓度分别为5、3.5和50 mg/kg时,对应的小白菜、棉花和龙葵镉积累量达到最大。3种植物对镉污染的修复能力表现为龙葵>小白菜>棉花。

关键词: 镉污染; 小白菜; 棉花; 龙葵; 植物镉积累

Abstract:

【Objective】 This project aims to study the effect of cadmium stress on the growth and enrichment characteristics of crops and seek more suitable plants for remediation of cadmium pollution. 【Methods】 In this study, hydroponic experiments were designed to determine the growth, cadmium absorption and accumulation of three plants under different concentrations of cadmium stress using Degao pakchoi, Xinluzao 42 cotton and wild solanum nigrum as test materials.【Results】 (1) under cadmium stress, the plant height growth of cotton was significantly inhibited; with the increase of cadmium stress concentration, the biomass of solanum nigrum and cotton decreased significantly. (2) Under each individual treatment, the cadmium content in the underground part of cotton and pakchoi was higher than that in the aboveground part, and the root showed strong tolerance and cadmium absorption capacity; under the low concentration of cadmium (10 and 20 mg / kg), the cadmium content in the aboveground part of solanum nigrum was higher than that in the underground part, and at this time, the cadmium transfer capacity from root to stem and leaf was strong. (3) The cadmium accumulation ability of solanum nigrum was higher than that of pakchoi and cotton under high cadmium stress. 【Conclusion】 Under cadmium stress, the growth of pakchoi was not significantly inhibited. When the cadmium concentration was 5, 3.5 and 50 mg /kg respectively, the corresponding cadmium accumulation of pakchoi, cotton and solanum nigrum reached the maximum. The remediation ability of the three plants to cadmium pollution is as follows: solanum nigrum >pakchoi> cotton.

Key words: cadmium pollution; pakchoi; cotton; solanum nigrum; cadmium accumulation in plants

中图分类号:

陈丽丽, 田爽, 鲁伟丹, 李俊华, 孙奔奔. 镉胁迫对3种植物生长及镉吸收和积累的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(4): 1009-1015.

CHEN Lili, TIAN Shuang, LU Weidan, LI Junhua, SUN Benben. Effects of Cadmium Stress on Growth in Three Plants and Cadmium Uptake and Its Accumulation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(4): 1009-1015.

图/表 6

表1 水培3种植物镉胁迫浓度

Table 1 Cadmium stress concentration of three plants in Hydroponics

作物 Crops
作物 Crops	CK	T₁	T₂	T₃	T₄	T₅
龙葵 Solanum nigrum	0	10	20	25	50	100
小白菜 Chinese cabbage	0	1	2.5	5	10	15
棉花 cotton	0	3.5	7	14	21	28

图1 不同镉浓度下3种植物株高变化注: 不同小写字母代表不同处理差异显著性(P<0. 05),下同

Fig.1 Effect of cadmium concentration on plant height of three plants Note: Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05).the same as below

表2 3种植物地上部及地下部生物量变化

Table 2 Aboveground and root biomass changes of three plants

处理 Treatments	地下部生物量Underground biomass			地上部生物量Aboveground biomass
处理 Treatments	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 cotton	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 Cotton
CK	0.93±0.03^a	0.90±0.04^a	1.20±0.06^a	1.96±0.0 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	1.35±0.04^a	1.69±0.07^a
T₁	0.97±0.06^a	0.90±0.02^b	1.00±0.04^b	1.39±0.27^b	1.30±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	1.53±0.03^b
T₂	0.95±0.05^a	0.86±0.01^b	0.95±0.03^b	2.39±0.41^a	1.27±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	1.51±0.02^b
T₃	0.92±0.01^a	0.87±0.01^b	0.93±0.01^b	2.24±0.09^a	1.12±0.0 ${2^{b}}^{c}$	1.46±0.08^b
T₄	0.92±0.03^a	0.83±0.01^c	0.73±0.01^c	2.14±0.09^a	1.05±0.04^c	1.45±0.04^b
T₅	0.95±0.04^a	0.84±0.01^c	0.64±0.01^d	1.95±0.1 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	0.99±0.02^c	1.09±0.01^c

表2 3种植物地上部及地下部生物量变化

Table 2 Aboveground and root biomass changes of three plants

处理 Treatments	地下部生物量Underground biomass			地上部生物量Aboveground biomass
处理 Treatments	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 cotton	小白菜 Chinese cabbage	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	棉花 Cotton
CK	0.93±0.03^a	0.90±0.04^a	1.20±0.06^a	1.96±0.0 ${5^{a}}^{b}$	1.35±0.04^a	1.69±0.07^a
T₁	0.97±0.06^a	0.90±0.02^b	1.00±0.04^b	1.39±0.27^b	1.30±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	1.53±0.03^b
T₂	0.95±0.05^a	0.86±0.01^b	0.95±0.03^b	2.39±0.41^a	1.27±0.0 ${2^{a}}^{b}$	1.51±0.02^b
T₃	0.92±0.01^a	0.87±0.01^b	0.93±0.01^b	2.24±0.09^a	1.12±0.0 ${2^{b}}^{c}$	1.46±0.08^b
T₄	0.92±0.03^a	0.83±0.01^c	0.73±0.01^c	2.14±0.09^a	1.05±0.04^c	1.45±0.04^b
T₅	0.95±0.04^a	0.84±0.01^c	0.64±0.01^d	1.95±0.1 ${3^{a}}^{b}$	0.99±0.02^c	1.09±0.01^c

图2 3种植物地上部位镉浓度变化

Fig.2 Changes of cadmium concentration in the above ground parts of three plants

图3 3种植物地下部位镉浓度变化

Fig.3 Cadmium concentration changes in the underground parts of three plants

图4 3种植物体内镉积累量的变化

Fig.4 The change of cadmium accumulation in plant

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